Objective To learn the self‐perceived burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to analyze its influential fac‐tors as well as its relevance to the social support .Methods The patients′general information questionnaire ,self‐perceived burden scale ,perceived social support scale were adopted to investigate type 2 diabetes mellitus patients .Results Totally 215 patients were included ,of which 104 were male and 111 were female .The average self‐perceived burden score was (25 .59 ± 10 .58) points ,which was in the low‐medium level;78 cases (36 .3% ) suffered low self‐perceived burden ;89 cases (41 .4% ) suffered medium self‐per‐ceived burden;48 cases (22 .3) claimed they had severe self‐perceived burden .The multi‐factor analysis showed that the family an‐nual income (t= -3 .039 ,P<0 .01) ,type of expenses paid (t=2 .769 ,P<0 .01) and the number of complications (t= -2 .493 , P<0 .05) were the influential factors of self‐perceived burden .There was negative correlation between the self‐perceived burden and the social support (r= -0 .292 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes ,there is a general self perceived bur‐den ,targeted care therapy ,and full use of social support can reduce patient′s self‐perceived burden ,which is conducive to the physi‐cal and mental health of the patients .

Biofilms ; Humans ; Sinusitis ; etiology ; microbiology

Objective To explore the regularity of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)expression and its function in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury(IRI),and to reveal whether traditional Chinese medicine, Xuebijing injection(血必净注射液),induces HSP70 synthesis and has a protective effect on IRI.Methods One hundred and eight female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats,(200?20)g in weight,were used in this experiment,and randomly divided into three groups(each n=36):control(A),model(B)and treatment group(C).The I/R model was established by clamping renal pedicles on both sides for 45 minutes to cause ischemia and then reperfusion was made.In group A,a similar model procedure was performed,but without ischemia.At 5-10 minutes before the IRI was performed,5 ml/kg of normal saline and 5 ml/kg of Xuebijing injection was injected through the femoral vein in group B and C respectively.In B and C groups,according to the durations of reperfusion for 0,6,12,24,36 and 48 hours,the rats were subdivided into six subgroups (each n=6).At the end of each time point,blood and renal tissue were collected to measure blood creatinine (SCr)and urea nitrogen(BUN),and Western blotting method was used to examine the expression of HSP70. In another kidney,renal tissue was obtained for hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining pathological and immunohistochemical examinations.Results In B and C groups,the SCr and BUN levels at 6 hours after I/R were significantly higher than those in the A group,and those in the C group were lower than those in the B group(P

Objective: To elucidate the effect of cervical multi-infarction on memory function. Method: Homogenous microthrombi were injected into internal carotid artery(ICA) through external carotid artery of Sprangue-Dawlay rat to get unilateral,bilateral or recurrent embolic cerebral multi-infarcction model. Water maze and passive-avoidance tests were used to assess the memorial function. Brain histopathological changes were also conducted. Result: Memorial function was severely injured,on the contrast to the pseudo-operational rats. Among the three models, unilateral,bilateral and recurrent ones, recurrent multi-infarction model is the worst on the memorial function, while the bilateral group is worse. Conclusion: Cerebral multi-infarction can cause memorial dysfunction. The degree of memorial function is closely related to the degree of ischemic severity.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on nitric oxide (NO)/endothelin (ET)-1 imbalance and remote lung injury induced by lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR). Methods Sixty patients who scheduled for unilateral lower extremity surgery matched American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Ⅰ-Ⅱ, were randomized into two groups:control group (R group, n=30) and dexmedetomidine preconditioning group (PD group, n=30). Lumbar plexus combined with sciatic nerve block was performed guided by a nerve stimulator in both groups. In group PD, dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion was started at a dose of 0.125 mL/kg (4 mg/L) for 10 minutes before using tourniquet, whereas group R received an equivalent volume of normal saline. Artery blood gas analysis, respiratory index and oxygenation index were measured, and NO, ET-1, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined from plasma samples 10 minutes before tourniquet inflation (T0), 15 minutes (T1), 2 h (T2), 6 h (T3) and 24 h (T4) after tourniquet deflation. Results Compared with T0, RI was higher at T3 in group R and OI was lower at T2-4 (P＜0.01). There were no significant differences in RI and OI of group PD between different time points (P＞0.05). In R and PD groups, ET-1, IL-8 and MDA concentrations were increased, while NO level and NO/ET-1 ratio were significantly decreased after tourniquet deflation (P＜0.05). Compared with group R, RI was lower and OI was higher at T3 in group PD (P＜0.01). The levels of ET-1, IL-8, MDA, NO and NO/ET-1 ratio were significantly different after tourniquet deflation between group PD and group R (P＜0.05). In group R, there was positive correlation between ET-1 and IL-8 levels with RI, and negative correlation between ET-1 and IL-8 levels with OI (P＜0.01). There was positive correlation between NO level, NO/ET-1 ratio and RI level (P＜0.01). Conclusion Lung function impairment induced by tourniquet application could be attenuated by dexmedetomidine preconditioning based on protecting endothelial cells and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Objective To investigate whether sodium ferulate（SF）can prevent contrast-induced renal injury in chronic renal insufficiency patients and its possible mechanism.Methods Eighty-six patients with chronic renal insufficiency,whose serum creatinine（Scr）levels ranged from 132 μmol/L to 358 μmol/L were randomly divided into control group（saline 100 ml iv drip）and SF treatment group（treatment group,saline 100 ml ＋ 0.3 g SF iv drop）based on sufficient hydration.Patients were treated with the above-mentioned protocols at 3 h be-fore the administration of contrast medium and in the following 3 days,Scr,plasma malondialdehyde（MDA）and urine nitric oxide（NO）were measured before angiography and on the third day after angiography.Results The incidence rate of contrast-induced nephropathy（CIN）in control group was significantly higher than that in treatment group（P 〈 0.05）.The contrast medium increased Scr levels and plasma MDA,and decreased urine NO excretion,while SF treatment attenuated the above changes（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion The preventive effect of SF on con-trast-induced renal injury might be associated with its suppressive effect on endothelin,increasing renal production of NO and anti-oxydation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of fludarabine plus mitoxantrone combination chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma compared with CHOP regimen.Methods Sixty-six patients with malignant lymphoma were divided into fludarabine group and CHOP group.The efficacy and toxicities of these two regimens were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The overall response(OR)was 81.5% in fludarabine group,while was 48.7% in CHOP;for the patients in late-stage,with B cell lymphoma,with T cell lymphoma and with high serum LDH level,the OR in fludarabine group was higher than in CHOP group obstructively,being 62.5% and 35.7%.Conclusion Fludarabine combination chemotherapy,as a first line regimen in treating first-treated lymphoma,recrudescent lymphoma,intractable lymphoma and lymphoma in late stage,possesses higher efficacy,safety and tolerance than CHOP regimen.

Huang Ti's "Nei Ching Su Wen" is the earliest classical work on medical science in ancient China. It summed up the results of observations made in long years through practice by the ancient Chinese labouring people, accumulating thereby lots of valuable knowledge and experience in different lines of medicine.Some two thousand years ago, Chinese medical scientists in the Chou and the Chin Dynasties already conceived the advanced idea of laying special emphasis on prophylactic measures, and began to adopt diet therapy as a means of medical treatment. Principles of preparing complete diet were worked out by them. And in this connection, it is mentioned in the book "Nei Ching Su Wen" that "five kinds of cereals are the means of subsistence, five kinds of cattle provide beneficial food in the form of meat, five kinds of vegetables can be used for food enrichment, and five kinds of fruits may serve as supplement." These principles point out the necessary sorts of food to constitute a complete diet and their respective positions in it. That is to say, cereals including beans and peas are the staple food and animal meat is of secondary importance, with vegetables to enrich and fruits to supplement the first two. A diet thus prepared will not only consist of all the nutritive elements needed by the human body but also represent an appropriate arrangement of the different kinds of nutrients. Such a diet is, no doubt, in accord with the dietetic theory of modern science.

Objective To investigate the neutrophil elastase (NE) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods Thirty-six patients of ALI/ARDS and 16 healthy volunteers(control group)were involved in the study.The patients of ALI/ARDS were divided into three groups:group A (the oxygenation index was 201-300 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),group B (150-200 mm Hg),and group C (<150 mm Hg).The NE in serum and bronchoalveolar Lavage fluid (BALF) were measured.Results The NE in the serum and BALF in group A [(1.76±0.63)nmol/L and (1.67±0.59)nmol/L],group B [(3.26±0.51)nmol/L and (3.64±0.56)nmol/L] and group C [(4.56 ±0.68)nmol/L and (4.62±0.39)nmol/L] were much higher than that in control group [(0.67±0.54)nmol/L and (0.62±0.48)nmol/L].The NE in the serum and BALF of dead patients were higher than that in patients who were alive.Moreover,the NE in the patients of ALI/ARDS was inversely related to the oxygenation index (r=-0.901,P＜0.01). Conclusion The NE in patients of ALI/ARDS is higher than that in healthy people,and it is significantly related to the severity and the prognosis of ALI/ARDS.