Objective: To study the releasing rule of Artesunate TDD s (ASTDDs). Methods: To prepare the ASTDDS and determine the content of artesunate, the transdermal experiments are used to study the relation between accumulative releasing ratio or releasing speed and releasing time. Results: The content of artesunate is about 45mg/10cm 2 and the accumulative releasing ratio increases with releasing time, but releasing speed is constant when the releasing speed reached some value. Conclusion: The releasing rule of ASTDDs conforms to Higuchi equation. The ASTDDs can come to durable effect.

Objective To discuss the clinical mechanism of Yanshu injection by observing its function to the tumor cells SGC-7901,HepG2 and BEL-7402 in vitro.Method The kill rate by MTT,flow cytometry were used to detect the change of cell cycle and apoptosis rate,and the expression of bcl-2,CD44V6 and nm23 of HepG2,SGC-7901 and BEL-7402 were observed.Results In vitro,to HepG2,SGC-7901 and BEL-7402,the living rate after using Yanshu injection was 72 %,40 % and 50 %.Compared with the control,the cell quantity in S phase decreased,and the apoptosis rate was higher,the expression of CD44V6 and nm23 changed a lot.Conclusion To the tumor cells,HepG2,SGC-7901 and BEL-7402,Yanshu injection can kill them,arrest them in G2 phase,block the conversion to M phase,accelerate cell apoptosis which has no correlation with the expression of bcl-2,and it still can restrain tumor metastasis.

OBJECTIVETo determine the main factors which affect the percutaneous penetration of artesunate and provide efficient data for the artesunate transdermal delivery system.

METHODTransdermal speed constant and accumulative amount of 12 hours were used for the estimations of various reservior vehicles, and the supplement orthodox design was used to study the effect of pH, various proportion of IPA/Water/IPM, and drug concentration.

RESULTDrug concentration and pH were the main factors which affected the percutaneous penetration of artesunate.

CONCLUSIONThe suitable reservior vehicle can prompt the percutaneous penetration of artesunate, and artesunate TTS will be made with further studies.

2-Propanol ; pharmacology ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Antimalarials ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Artemisinins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Sesquiterpenes ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects

Smu_195c is a protein with 86 amino acids in Streptococcus mutans, a primary pathogen for human dental caries. The specific function of Smu_195c is still unknown and there are no conserved domains in it. In order to find out its function, the gene encodes Smu_195c was cloned and expressed in E. coli as N-terminally 6*His tagged recombinant protein. Two crystal forms were obtained by the hanging drop method. Form Ⅰ belongs to space group P6122 or P6522 with the unit cell parameters a = b = 62.93 (A), c= 90.63 (A), γ=120° and form Ⅱ belongs to the space group P41212 or P43212 with the unit cell parameters a =b=57.97 (A), c = 103.51 (A).Crystals from the protein with His-tag belong to form Ⅰ, however, crystals from the protein without His-tag belong to both.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; physiology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects

ObjectiveTo research the current situation at traditional Chinese clinics in urban area of Beijing,and to propagate the importance of re-visiting.Methods500 outpatients were selected randomly from 4 traditional Chinese clinics in urban area of Beijing from April 1st in 2010 to March 31st in 2011.Questionnaires were undertaken by these patients,including 120 first visitors and 380 re-visitors,then SPSS17.0 was used to statistically analyze the re-visiting proportion,influence factors and reasons for re-visiting.Results The highest re-visiting proportion was 56.7％ in 4 clinics and the total was 47.0％; 13.6％ patients who didn't have re-visit choice for their having no significant curative effect,12.6％ for having no time,10.3％ for having been recovered; patients who had curative effect and doctor's advice to re-visit may be the related influence factors of re-visiting; in the investigation of reasons,73.0％ patients made re-visit choice for having curative effect,35.9％ for doctors' good medical ethics,35.9％ for doctors' advice.ConclusionThere was a low re-visiting proportion in these 4 traditional Chinese clinics in urban area of Beijing; the top three non-revisiting reasons were no significant curative effect,having no time and having recovered.Having curative effect and doctor's advice to re-visit may be the related influence factors of re-visiting; the top three re-visiting reasons were curative effect,doctor's good medical ethics and doctor's exhortation.

Objective To investigate the changes of spontaneous activity of mesenteric nerve in guinea pig model with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS)and the response of mesenteric nerve to pressure and acid stimulation in order to clarify whether mesenteric nerve involves in the pathogenesis of the PI-IBS.Methods A total of 20 female adult guinea pigs were divided into PI-IBS group and control group,ten in each group.Guinea pigs of PI-IBS group were gastric lavaged with 8 000 to 10 000 Trichinella spiralis larves at a time,and were fed for six to eight weeks to establish PI-IBS model.The sample of proximal jejunum was taken and mesenteric nerves of guinea pigs of both groups were isolated.Spontaneous activity of mesenteric nerve was recorded in PI-IBS and control groups by extracellular electrophysiological recorder.The changes of mesenteric nerve activity were recorded after the intestine of two groups was stimulated with different dilation pressure (5 ,10,20 and 30 cmH2 O, 1 cmH2 O=0.098 kPa)and different concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl)solution (1 ,10,20 and 30 mmol/L).Unpaired t test was performed for the comparison between the two groups.Results The spontaneous discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve of PI-IBS group was (75 .98±14.01)Hz,while that of control group was (31 .36±4.71)Hz,which was,obviously lower than that of PI-IBS group (t =9.55 ,P <0.01).After the intestine of PI-IBS group was dilated with 5 ,10,20 and 30 cmH2 O pressure, the discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve increased by (36.21±12.41)Hz,(40.18±10.48)Hz,(45.72± 10.11)Hz,and (56.05 ±9.27)Hz than baseline,respectively;likewise,in control group,after dilated with same pressure,the discharge frequency increased by (20.00±5.28)Hz,(22.13 ±3.34)Hz,(28.55 ± 4.80)Hz and (35 .07±7.56)Hz than baseline,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of PI-IBS group (t=3.80,3.19,4.85 and 5 .55 ,P =0.028,0.006,0.009 and 0.003).After the intestin of PI-IBS group was stimulated with 1 ,10,20 and 30 mmol/L HCl,the discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve increased by (2.10±0.89 )Hz,(10.87 ±3.30 )Hz,(19.59 ±2.99 )Hz and (34.49 ±6.80)Hz after stimulation respectively,while in control group after stimulated with same concentrations of HCl, the discharge frequency increased by (0.26 ±0.21 )Hz,(5 .55 ±3.91 )Hz,(7.70 ±2.53)Hz,(14.90± 10.10)Hz,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of PI-IBS group (t=6.36,3.29,9.60 and 5.09;P =0.002,0.049,<0.01 and 0.005).Conclusion The spontaneous electric activity of mesenteric nerve of PI-IBS guinea pig model increased and was more sensitive to pressure and acid,which indicated that hypersensitivity of mesenteric nerve might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PI-IBS.

Alcoholism ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory Disorders ; prevention & control ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

Objective To discuss the methods and effects of arthroscopic treatment of posterior and anterior ankle impingement syndrome through anterior approach,tarsal sinus approach plus posterolateral approach.Methods The study enrolled 12 patients with posterior and anterior ankle impingement syndrome treated from January 2012 to March 2014.There were 8 males and 4 females,agedl7-65 years (mean,45 years).Left ankle injury was noted in 9 patients and right ankle injury in 3 patients.Eight patients had a history of obvious ankle injury (5 acute and 3 chronic sprains).Arthroscopic surgery was performed to manage the posterior and anterior ankle impingement syndrome through the combined anterior,tarsal sinus and posterolateral approaches,and prone position and posteromedial incision were not used during operation.Postoperative outcome was evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score.Results Operation time was 45-80 min (mean,62 min).Arthroscopy confirmed anterior bone impingement in all patients.Three patients suffered from posterior bony impingement of the talus,while nine patients os trigonum injury.Duration of follow-up was 10-18 months (mean,14 months).AOFAS score was (91.4-± 6.5) points after operation,significantly higher (34.4 ± 12.6) points before operation (t =14.607,P ＜0.01).All patients had normal ankle range of motion after operation.There were no complications such as neurovascular injury.All the surgical incisions achieved primary healing.Conclusion The procedure avoids body position shift and posteromedial incision during operation,and attains a good vision to the anterior and posterior portions and satisfactory short-term outcome.

Aim To detect the role of sirtuin1 ( SIRT1 ) in hepatotoxity caused by valproic acid ( VPA) . Methods The changes of SIRT1 expression of HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot. And then SIRT1 plasmid or siRNA was transfected to con-struct SIRT1 overexpressed or knocked-down HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SRB assays were taken to observe the changes of viability of these cells exposed to VPA. Results VPA suppressed SIRT1 expression in a time and dose-dependent manner. SIRT1 overexpression showed a protective effect to the cytotoxicity caused by VPA, and the IC50 before and after transfection was (4. 025 ± 0. 47) and (10. 87 ± 1. 50) mmol·L-1 re-spectively. Moreover, transfection of SIRT1 siRNA sensitized HepG2 cells to VPA, and the IC50 before and after transfection was (1. 938 ± 0. 16) and (0. 663 ± 0. 05) mmol·L-1 respectively. Conclusion VPA suppressed SIRT1 expression in HepG2 cells and over-expression of SIRT1 could reduce cytotoxicity induced by VPA.