Using high pressure homogenization method combined with spray-drying, budesonide-loaded chitosan microparticles were prepared and the in vitro release profile was investigated. The microparticles were then blended with lactose using a vortex mixer, influence of mixing speed, mixing time on drug recovery rate and content homogeneity were investigated. Meanwhile, influence of lactose content on drug recovery rate, content homogeneity, powder flowability and in vitro deposition were studied. It turned out that budesonide was released from the microparicles in a sustained manner, with fine particle fraction as high as 46.0%, but the powder flowability was poor. After blending with 10 times of lactose, the drug recovery rate was 96.5%, with relative standard deviation of drug content 2.5%, and fine particle fraction of the formulation increased to 59.6% with good flowability. It's demonstrated that using a vortex mixer, budesonide sustained-release dry powder for inhalation with good recovery and content homogeneity could be prepared, the formulation had good flowability and was suitable for pulmonary inhaling.
Administration, Inhalation ; Budesonide ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chitosan ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Powders

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in ringlike- enhanced lesions.Methods Nine abscesses,12 glioblastomas,10 metastases confirmed clinically or pathologically underwent conventional MRI and DTI.Average diffusion coefficient(ADC)value,fractional anisotropy(FA)value and maps were calculated in the central portion and peripheral edema of the lesions. Results On DTI,the abscesses displayed as hyperintense signal with hypointense or isointense signal of edema;but glioblastomas and metastases all showed as hypointense signal with isointense or hypointense signal of edema.On ADC map,the abscesses showed as hypointense signal,the mean ADC value was (0.66?0.07)x10~(-3)mm~2/s,The mean ADC value were(2.50?0.11)x10~(-3)mm~2/s and(2.37?0.52)x10~(-3)mm~2/s for the glioblastomas and metastases,respectively,all demonstrated as hyperintense signal with slightly hyperintense signal of edema.The difference between abscess and necrotic tumors was statistically significant(F=108.80,P

Objective To investigate the relationship between CYP2J2*7 mutation(G-76T) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese Hanpopulation and to study the effects of CYP2J2 geneover-expressionon the proliferation and migrationof aortic smooth muscle cells of ApoE-/- mice. Methods CYP2J2*7 genotype was detectedin 500 patients with CHD and 478 controlsubjects by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Frag-ment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Culturedaortic smooth muscle cells of ApoE-/- mice were divided into control group, sham transfectiongroup and CYP2J2 over-expression group. Cell proliferation and migration were investigated after CYP2J2 over-expressionby MTS and Transwell assay. Results The frequency of CYP2J2*7 in CHD group was significantly higher than that incontrol group (10.00% vs. 6.49%, P = 0.046). Same is the case in female cases(P = 0.026). Compared with these of aortic smooth muscle cells incontrol group and sham trans-fectiongroup, the cell proliferation in 24, 48, 72 h, and the cell migration in 48 h after CYP2J2 over-expression in CYP2J2 group were significantly suppressed. Conclusions CYP2J2*7 mutation might increase the risk of CHD in Chinese Han population. CYP2J2 over-expression can suppress the proliferation and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells and CYP2J2 might have the effect of anti-atherosclerosis.

Objective To assess the value of procalcitonin(PCT)measurement to differentiate infection from non-infection in critically ill patients requiring long-term immunosuppressive therapy.Methods A prospective study was conducted in patients with underlying diseases requiring corticosteroids or chemotherapy in ICU from January 2008 to December 2009.Patients were divided into the infection group and the non-infection group and their PCT levels were compared.Results A total of 103 patients (65 women)were enrolled in this prospective study[aged(47.9 ± 21.9)years old]with 84 in the infection group and 19 in the non-infection group.The baseline level of PCT was significantly higher in infection than in non-infection patients[2.58(0.08-44.65)pg/L vs 0.62(0.15-6.00)pg/L,P =0.002].Different levels of PCT were manifested in different pathogen groups with 3.41(0.45-44.65)pg/L in bacteria infection,0.99(0.28-6.67)pg/L in fungus infection,0.11(0.08-0.20)pg/L in virus infection group(P =0.018).The AUCROC of PCT was 0.867 for diagnostic bacterial infection.By multivariate analysis,the factors associated with the level of PCT were bacteria infection(OR 5.1,P =0.031)and septic shock(OR 7.5,P =0.027),while the factors not associated with the level of PCT were age,renal function,infection site and prognosis(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The level of PCT is increased in the critically ill patients requiring immunosuppressive therapy with infection and it can be used for diagnosis for bacterial infection.

Animals ; Biological Warfare ; Burns ; pathology ; Burns, Chemical ; pathology ; Chemical Warfare ; China ; Humans ; Military Medicine ; Radiation Injuries ; pathology ; Wounds, Gunshot ; pathology

Objective To discuss the methods and clinical effects of phased treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with severe hip flexion contracture.Methods The study enrolled 8 cases (12 hips) of AS combined with severe hip flexion contracture hospitalized from September 2011 to November 2012.Phased treatments included lateral hip arthrolysis,articular capsulectomy,stripping of the reflected head of rectus femoris,femoral neck osteotomy,traction and stage Ⅱ biotype total hip arthroplasty (THA).Preoperative and postoperative Harris score,hip range of motion,and complication of femoral nerve injury were detected.Results Period of follow-up was 6-12 months (mean 10 months).One case developed heterotopic ossification,which affected postoperative hip activity and received resection one year later.One case sustained fissure fracture of calcar femorale during implantation of the prosthetic femoral stem,but no special handling was provided.Of all cases,active flexion and extension of the hip were both 0° before operation,but increased to (96.25 ± 4.33) ° and (24.17 ± 4.69)° respectively after operation ; mean Harris score was improved from (26.67 ± 2.39) points preoperatively to (90.92 ± 5.66) points postoperatively (P ＜ 0.01).Besides,no femoral nerve injury was observed.Conclusion Phased treatment of AS combined with severe hip flexion contracture restores hip function and minimizes femoral nerve injury following THA.

Objective:To study the antimalarial mechanism of benflumetol (B). Methods: Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to analyze the effects of B and chloroquine (CQ) on DNA content of Plasmodium berghei and pH value of the lysosome of malarial parasites. Results: DNA content of the plasmodia not treated with any drugs was not changed in 24 hours,while benflumetol could decrease the DNA content: the DNA content began to decrease 2 h after the drug administration and reached the minimum by 16 h, but somewhat increased at 24 h after administration. The pH in the lysosome increased 1 h and restored premedication level 4 h after benflumetol administration. Chloroquine had the same effects on DNA and lysosome pH of malarial parasites.Conclusions: The antimalarial mechanism of benflumetol is directly related to its effect to inhibit the synthesis of DNA.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of alcohol intake on penile structure and function in rats.

METHODSThirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and alcohol intake group. They were administered with 2 mL of normal saline and 40% alcohol solution respectively through gastric tubes every day. Three months later, the animal model of alcohol intake was evaluated by modified Nayagida's method, and the effects of alcohol on the rats were studied by sexual behavior, the number of apomorphine-induced penile erection, level of testosterone in the sera, and the content of penile smooth muscle.

RESULTSThe scores of animal model of alcohol intake evaluated by Nayagida's method were 0.66 +/- 2.05 in the control group and 9.26 +/- 5.50 in the alcohol intake group (P < 0.05), which indicated that an animal model of alcohol intake was successfully established. Sexual behavior, the number of apomorphine-induced penile erection, testosterone level in the sera, and the content of penile smooth muscle of the alcohol intake group were all statistically different as compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlcohol intake induces sexual dysfunction in rats, which may be due to the decline of testosterone level in the sera and decline of penile smooth muscle.

Animals ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Female ; Male ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of oral sweet solutions in relieving pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1 to 12 months.

METHODSRelated databases were searched to find related randomized control trails (RCTs). The quality of these RCTs was evaluated. The Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

RESULTSA total of 20 RCTs involving 2 376 infants were included, and quality assessment showed that 6 RCTs had grade A quality and 14 had grade B quality. The Meta analysis showed that compared with sterile water, 25%-75% oral sweet solution significantly reduced crying time (WMD=-21.16, 95%CI -39.66 to -2.77, P<0.05) and the proportion of crying time (the duration of crying /3-minute periods after the injection) (WMD=-13.83, 95%CI -20.88 to -6.78, P<0.01), while the crying time showed no significant difference between the group treated with oral administration of 12% sucrose solution and non-intervention group. Co

ONCLUSIONSOral sweet solution (25%-75%; 2 mL) given 2 minutes before vaccination can effectively relieve the pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1-12 months.

Crying ; Humans ; Infant ; Pain ; prevention & control ; Solutions ; Sucrose ; administration & dosage ; Vaccination ; adverse effects

Amygdala ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; metabolism