Abundant evidences indicate a role of GABAergic system in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric dis-orders. GABAA receptors modulators have been long used in clinical. But the unwanted side-effect and risk of drug dependence have limited their use. With the increase understanding of the role of individual GABAA recep-tor subtypes in the pathology of these diseases, the subtype-selective GABAA receptors modulators and the multi-compound therapy may serve as potential therapeutic strategies. Here we review the researches which revealed the involvement of GABAA receptors in anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, and the research for new development in subtype-selective GABAA receptor modulators.

Female ; Granuloma, Respiratory Tract ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary ; pathology

Objective To study the sub-health status and health-risky behaviors of left behind middle school students in Chongqing Three-gorge area and provide the reference for targeted interventions .Methods 1 528 cases of left behind middle school students were collected from three middle school by multistage cluster random sampling in a reservoir of Chongqing ,surveyed with questionnaire about health-risky behaviors and Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents(MSQA) .Results The rates of psychosomatic sub-health symptoms were 45 .0% ,body sub-health symptoms detection rate was 23 .3% ,psychological sub-health symptoms detection rate was 40 .1% .Body energy insufficiency ,the physiological function ,decreased resistance detection rate were 10 .2% ,15 .1% and 12 .0% ,respectively .The emotional problems ,behavioral problems ,social adaptation difficulties detection rate were 25 .9% ,16 .8% ,34 .3% ,respectively .The symptoms of sub-health detection rate of boys was higher than that of girls (P>0 .05) ,the junior grade One was higher than the senior grade One(P<0 .05) ,the one-child was higher than non-only child(P>0 .05) ,the boarding students was significantly higher than the day students(P<0 .05) .Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors had unhealthy diet behavior ,deliberately harm behavior ,suicide behavior ,unintentional injury behavior and Internet addiction .Conclusion The sub-health problem of left behind middle school student in Chongqing three-gorge area is in a general level ,the relevant departments should take some targeted interventions to improve students'health level .

Objective: To develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of six components (indirubin, peimine, peiminine, ginkalide A, ginkalide B, and ginkalide C) in Baikening Granules. Methods: Preparing the samples solution by Soxhlet's extraction using methanol-chloroform as solvent, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with a polarity-switching electrospray ionization (ESI) source between positive and negative modes was used for the quantification of indirubin, two peimisines, and three bilobalides. The detection was performed on an Inertsutain C18 column (75 mm × 3.0 mm, 2 μm) using a mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate water solution with gradient elution lasting 6 min. Results: All of the analytes showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.995 8) in the tested ranges. The precision, repeatability, and stability of the method were good for the six components. The average recoveries were in the range of 96.5%-105.1% with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 4.2%. Conclusion: The new established polarity-switching LC-MS-MS method has been proven to be highly sensitive and effective in evaluating the quality of Baikening Granules, and peimine, peiminine, ginkalide A, ginkalide B, and ginkalide C are quantified in this drug for the first time.

Objective To study the clinical application of the lung lesion biopsy through helical CT-guided fine needle aspiration. Methods 44 cases of lung lesions were pathologically biopsy diagnosed through helical CT-guided fine needle aspiration. Results All 44 lung lesions were successfully conducted biopsy through CT-guided fine needle aspiration, and the pathological confirmed diagnosis rate was 98%. Conclusion With high diagnosis rate, CT- fine needle aspiration is clinically applicable and the complication is rare. It is easily-operated, safe and economical.

Aldose reductase ( AR ) belonging to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) -dependent aldehyde-keto reductase superfamily, is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway which plays an important role in the body’s high-sugar metabolism. AR is widely present in the kidneys, blood vessels, lens, retina, heart, skeletal muscle and other tissues and organs, converts glucose to sorbitol which easy permeability of cell membranes, cause cell swelling, degeneration, necrosis, and have a close relationship with the development of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is a multifactorial disease, the exact cause is currently unknown, but polyol pathway has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR. Clinical risk factors such as blood sugar control, blood pressure and other treatments for DR only play a part effect of remission or invalid, if we can find out DR genes associated with the disease, this will contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms and contribute to the development of new treatments and drugs. The current research progress of AR, AR gene polymorphism, Aldose reductase inhibitors to DR was reviewed in this article.

Adult ; Female ; Granuloma, Respiratory Tract ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung, Hyperlucent ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate the effect of Alprostsdil combined with Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate on hepatocirrhosis at active phase. Method 74 inpatients collected from our hospital were randomly divided into control group(37 cases)and treatment group(37 cases). The patients in control group were given conventional liver protecting treatment. In addition to routine therapy of the control group, the patients in treatment group received intravenous Alprostadil and Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate injection once a day for 4 weeks. Results The total effective rate of treatment group was 67. 6%, and that of control group was 40. 5%, and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0. 05).Conclusion Alprostadil combined with Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate has good clinical therapeutic effect on hepatocirrhosis at active phase.

BACKGROUND:Because the geographical environment and diet cause obesity and osteoarthritis in Xinjiang Uygur local patients, the number of patients became more. At present, more and more patients received artificial knee replacement. How to master and further apply the technology of soft tissue balance during artificial knee replacement in patients of different physical fitness and nations becomes the focus of many scholars. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical efficacy of soft tissue balance in Xinjiang Uygur patients with knee valgus in total knee replacement. METHODS:A total of 60 cases (72 knees) with severe knee osteoarthritis with a certain degree of knee valgus were subjected to total knee replacement through anterior lateral approach and individualized soft tissue balance from February 2009 to December 2010. Folow-up mode was the clinic visit. X-ray was used to measure tibiofemoral angle (i.e., the supplementary angle of the included angle between anatomic axis of femur and tibia). Clinical score and functional score of American knee society knee score were applied to assess knee joint function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 57 patients were folowed up for 6-35 months. The tibiofemoral angle decreased from 27.9° preoperatively to 5.6° postoperatively. Clinical score of American knee society knee score elevated from 16.7 points preoperatively to 87.5 postoperatively. Functional score of American knee society knee score elevated from 7.9 points preoperatively to 85.2 postoperatively. Significant differences in preoperative and final folow-up scores were detected (P < 0.01). Valgus deformity was corrected and joint stability was good in 57 patients after replacement. These findings indicate that in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis and valgus deformity, to select individualized treatment of soft tissue balance can effectively correct soft tissue imbalance and get more satisfactory clinical results.

Aim To investigate the effect of curcumin on the expressions of NR2A, NR2B and apoptotic neurons in hippocampus after global brain ischemia-reperfusion in SD rats. Methods Global ischemic model induced by 4-vessel occlusion was adopted. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group (SH), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R), curcumin 30(Cur 30), 100 (Cur 100) and 300 mg?kg-1 group (Cur 300). At different time points after ischemia, animals were designated as subgroups 2 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d. Cell morphology was observed on HE stain slides. The apoptotic neurons were detected in CA1 region by TUNEL method. Expressions of NR2A and NR2B in hippocampal CA1 and CA3/DG regions were detected by Immunohistochemical technique. Results At each time point the number of apoptotic neurons was much more in I/R group than that in SH group and Cur 100 group,and in Cur 300 group than that in Cur 100 group. The expression of NR2A was higher in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3/DG regions in Cur 100,Cur 300, Cur 30 and SH groups than that in I/R group at each time point(P