Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enteral Nutrition ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; etiology ; Sodium Chloride

To study the chemical constituents from the bark of Myrica rubra, fourteen compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical properties and spectroscopic data, as 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymyricanol (1), myricanol (2), myricanone (3), myricanol 11-sulfate (4), myricitrin (5), quercetin (6), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (7), tamarixol (8), uvaol (9), ursolic acid (10), taraxerol (11), myricadiol (12), β-sitosterol (13) and β-daucosterol (14). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, named as 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymyricanol, compounds 8, 9 were isolated from the genus Myrica for the first time.
Diarylheptanoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Myrica ; chemistry ; Phytochemicals ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Bark ; chemistry

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors which may affect prognosis of patients with hepatits B virus (HBV)-related liver failure,and to construct a model for prognostic evaluation and further assess its predictive ability.Methods In this retrospective cohort study,569 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related liver failure from January 2007 to December 2010 were enrolled.All the patients were followed up and survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to variables such as age,sex,complications,biochemical markers,coagulation markers,and HBV DNA levels to construct a model for prognostic evaluation,and 79 independent cases of HBV-related liver failure were used to confirm the model's predictive ability.Accuracy of the constructed model and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results The median survival time for all the patients was 59 days.The survival rates at 1,3,6 months were 58.9％,46.2％ and 45.5％,respectively;and survival rates at 1 and 3 years were 44.9％ and 44.5％,respectively.Hepatic encephalopathy,pulmonary infection,upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB),albumin (Alb),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),creatinine (Cr),international normalized ratio (INR) were determined to be independent risk factors (all P＜0.01) which may affect survival of patients with HBV related liver failure.Accordingly,the prognostic index (PI) of the constructed model for prognostic evaluation 4.98 × assignment of hepatic encephalopathy + 4.57 × assignment of pulmonary infection + 4.41 ×assignment of UGIB-9.69 ×lm[Alb (g/L)]+2.46 ×ln[AST (U/L)]+5.18×ln[Cr (mmol/L)]+3.35×ln (INR) 15.36.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.838 for the constructed model assessing 90-d survival of the patients,and was 0.751 for model for end-stage liver disease,with no significant difference between the two models (Z=1.085,P =0.278).Conclusions Prognosis of patients with HBV-related liver failure can be accurately predicted by the constructed prognostic assessment model,which is consisted of hepatic encephalopathy,pulmonary infection,UGIB,Alb,AST,Cr,and INR as independent risk factors,and is able to predict the 90 d survival.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and molecular classification of Human adenovirus (HAdV) and Human bocavirus (HBoV) infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin Children′s Hospital.Methods:A total of 1 171 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2019 to February 2020. The specific primers designed by gene sequence were amplified by polymerase chain reation (PCR), and the positive amplification products were determined by sequencing. The sequences of HAdV and HBoV were compared in GenBank, molecular typed and phylogenetic tree analyzed of HAdV by MEGA7.0.26. The positive rate of HAdV and HBoV in different age groups(<6 months, 6-11 months, 12-23 months, 24-35 months, 36-47 months, ≥48 months) and seasons were compared by SPSS20.0.Results:Thirty HAdV were detected in 1 171 specimens, with a positive rate of 2.56% (30/1 171) and 84 cases with HBoV, with a positive rate of 7.17% (84/1 171).The positive detection rates of HAdV and HBoV in different age groups were 1.02% (4/392)-6.61% (8/121) and 4.09% (7/171)-11.45% (26/227), respectively. There was a significant difference in the positive detection rate of HAdV and HBoV in each age group (χ2=12.862, P=0.025; χ2=14.178, P=0.015).Winter is the peak period of HAdV infection, with a positive rate of 5.54% (15/271). The peak of HBoV infection is autumn and winter with a positive rate of 12.00% (36/300) and 12.5% (34/271), respectively, higher than that of the other two seasons (χ2=43.753, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in different season groups (χ2=13.287, P=0.004; χ2=43.753, P<0.05). The sequences of 29 adenoviruses were HAdV-3, 7 serotypes of HAdV-B subgroup and HAdV-1, 2, 5 serotypes of HAdV-C subgroup. Conclusion:HAdV and HBoV play important roles in children′s respiratory tract infections, and are closely related to factors such as the season and the age of the child. They should attract clinical attention.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations and distribution characteristics of dry eye patients with ocular discomfort symptoms in Jilin Province, and to analyze the relationship between the risk factors associated with dry eye and its severity. Methods:The secondary or tertiary hospitals in Jilin Province were randomly selected and used as screening bases from July 2014 to August 2015.1 173 people initiative to the hospital for eye examinations after publicity were selected.Questionnaire was used to collect the subjective symptoms of dry eye.The breakup time(BUT) of tear film, corneal fluorescein staining, meibomian gland and tear secretion were examined and the detection rate and risk factors of dry eye of the dry eye patients with different clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results: A total of 1 122 people was actually surveyed, 896 individuals were diagnosed as dry eye, and the prevalence rate was 79.8%. The prevalence rate of the females was higher than of the males(χ2 =4.070,P<0.05).The prevalence of dry eye between different ages was statistically significant(χ2 =61.547,P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that the age ≥40 years (40-49 years,OR =6.313,95% CI: 3.498-11.393;50-59 years,OR =6.919,95% CI: 3.876-12.351;60-69 years,OR =5.175,95% CI: 2.650-10.104;over 70 years,OR =9.508,95% CI: 3.608-25.061), moderate grade of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD) (OR =2.123,95% CI: 1.186-3.803), and the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OR =2.186,95% CI: 1.098-4.353) and eye surgery (OR =3.692,95% CI: 1.204-11.323) were the risk factors for dry eye. While the occupation of farmer was a protective factor for dry eye (OR =0.351, 95% CI: 0.135-0.917).Conclusion:Age, occupation, MGD grade, rheumatoid arthritis and eye surgery history affect the occurrence of dry eye to a certain extent. So enough attention and appropriate health guidance should be given to reduce the incidence of dry eye.

Objective To investigate the predictive factors of virological response in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB)patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV).Methods A total of 203 HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with ADV (Mingzheng)10 mg once daily for 48 weeks were recruited.The gene polymorphisms at positions-238 and-308 in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α promoter region were determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism assay of products amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP).The serum levels of TNF-a at baseline were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Hepatitis B virus (HBV)genotypes were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and HBV subgenotypes were tested by HBV S gene sequencing.Factors related to ADV response were determined by Logistic regression analysis.Results The HBV DNA negative rate,alanine aminotransferase (ALT)normalization rate,HBeAg loss rate and seroconversion rate,and combined response rate at week 24 and 48 of treatment in 203 patients were 31.5% (64/203),59.1% (120/203),15.8% (32/203),8.9% (18/203),13.3% (27/203)and 58.6% (119/203),78.3% (159/203),29.6% (60/203),16.7% (34/203),25.6% (52/203),respectively.HBV DNA negative rate at week 24 was higher in patients with HBV genotype B,that was higher in patients with TNF-α-308G/A genotype,and that was higher in patients with higher baseline ALT level or lower baseline HBV DNA level [OR = 0.405,95 % CI (0.191 - 0.859),P =0.019;OR=0.292,95%CI(0.132-0.643),P=0.002;OR=0.933,95%CI(0.989-0.997),P＜0.01 ;OR=2.089,95%CI (1.412-3.092),P＜0.01].Meanwhile,HBV DNA negative rate at week 48 were higher in patients with higher HBV DNA negative rate at week 24 or higher baseline ALT level [OR=0.029,95%CI(0.007-0.126),P＜0.01;OR= 0.995,95%CI(0.991-0.999),P=0.016].Conclusions HBV genotype,TNF-α-308 genotype,baseline levels of ALT and HBV DNA are predictors of virological response at week 24 in HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with ADV.And the HBV DNA negative rate at week 24 and baseline ALT level are predictors of virological response at week 48.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of TNFα,ALT,HBV DNA loads and HBV serological markers in response to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods Two hundred and three HBeAg.positive CHB patients were administered with ADV 10 mg/d for 48 weeks.HBV serological markers and TNFα at the baseline were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(EUSA),and HBV DNA loads were detected by PCR.Logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors for serological response at 48th week after the treatment.Results The rates of HBV DNA clearance,ALT normalization,HBeAg lOSS,HBeAg seroconversion and response at 24th week were 31.5%(64/203),59.1%(120/203),15.8%(32/203).8.9%(18/203)and 13.3%(27/203)respectively,while those at 48th week were 58.6%(119/203),78.3%(159/203),29.6%(60/203),16.7%(34/203)and 25.6%(52/203),respectively.Patients who achieved HBeAS loss at 48th week were found to have higher rates of HBV DNA clearance.HBeAg loss and seroconversion at 24th week and higher TNFα at baseline(P=0.017,0.ooI,0.029 and 0.040),while those who achieved HBeAg seroconversion at 48th week were found to have higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion at 24th week.and lower baseline HBV DNA loads(P=0.000 and 0.004).Conclusion For HBeAg.positive CHBpatients with ADV treatment,the rate of HBV DNA clearanee,HBeAg loss and seroeonversion at 24th week and TNFα at baseline may be used to predict the rate of HBeAg 1088 at 48th week:the rate of HBeAgseroconversion at 24th week and baseline HBV DNA loads may be used to predict the rate of HBeAgseroeonversion at 48th week.

Objective:To introduce a novel surgical technique for dissecting perforator vessels (orderly retrograde four-side dissection) in anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) and explore its clinical outcome.Methods:Respective analysis of 94 patients who underwent reconstruction of soft tissue defects with ALTPF which were dissected by orderly retrograde four-side dissection between June, 2013 and December, 2016. After surgery, the survival of flaps, recovery in shape and function of the recipient sites, and the effect on shape and function of the donor sites were observed.Results:The size of ALTPF ranged from 7 cm×5 cm to 32 cm×10 cm. Ninety-four perforators were included in 94 ALTPF, which were 89 perforators of the descending branch of circumflex femoral lateral artery, 4 perforators of the transverse branch of circumflex femoral lateral artery and 1 perforator of femoral medial artery. The time for flap harvesting was 35-95(54.39±16.39) min. Success rate of perforator harvesting was 98.9%, only 1 perforator was injured and another encountered vasospasm during surgery. Three cases had vascular crisis after flap transfer with 2 venous crises and 1 artery crisis. All of the flaps completely survived except 1 that had a partial necrosis. The follow-up time was (12.91±9.17) months. No muscular weakness on donor sites was shown in all cases.Conclusion:Orderly retrograde four-side dissection of perforator vessels in the ALTPF has achieved less donor site morbidity, shorter surgical time and is safer than the traditional techniques. It is a reliable technique to harvest perforator flaps.

A child who suffered a complex and exceptionally large soft tissue defects of both lower extremities and feet was referred in January, 2017. A debulking deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEPF) was used to cover the defect in right shank. The defects in left shank and foot were reconstructed by latissimus dorsi flap and bilateral debulking anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) . Two years after operation, the appearance and texture of both lower limbs were good, and the child could walk and run almost normally. There were slightly noticeable scars left in both thighs and the back.

Objective To investigate the prevalence, etiology, rehabilitation demands and service condition of hearing disorders based on the whole population in Jilin Province, China. Methods Using the probability proportion to size (PPS) sampling, 9246 (93.3%) out of 9909 residents sampled form 36 counties were targeted for investigation from August, 2014 to January, 2015, followed the WHO Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol. The hearing loss and disability were classified as WHO recommended and Classification and Grading Criteria of Disability (GB/T 26341-2010). Results The standardized prevalence of hearing loss and disability was 16.41%and 4.78%, re-spectively. Age, sex, residence, occupation and marriage status, education level and household income were significantly associated with hearing loss prevalence, while nationality was not. The main etiologies included non-infectious disease (47.33%), ear disease (14.17%), un-known causation (13.89%), and noise (8.59%). Among all people with hearing loss, those who accepted intervention service accounted for 11.02%. Among all people with hearing disability, those who used hearing aids accounted for 5.58%, and 0.67%used artificial cochlea. Con-clusion Demographics and socioeconomic factors are significantly associated with the prevalence of hearing loss. The main etiology con-tains non-infectious disease, ear disease and noise. Both the rate of service utilization among people with hearing loss and the rate of adopt-ing hearing aids among people with hearing disability are low. It is needed to do more in prevention and rehabilitation of hearing impairment.