Objective To investigate the effect of dexamethasone addition in block anesthesia before surgery on postoperative quality of life after extraction of impacted mandibular wisdom teeth. Methods Using a random number table, 120 cases of patients were divided into experimental and control groups, each group contains 60 cases whose mandibular wis?dom tooth will be extracted. Before the surgery, the experimental group patients perform local block anesthetic injection with 3 mL out of 5 mL mixture of 2%lidocaine 4 mL+dexamethasone 1 mL (5 mg) to block nerve. The control group was given block anesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve with 3 mL of 2%lidocaine block anesthesia alone. Improved postoperative symp?toms severity scale (PoSSe) was used to evaluate patients’quality of life after tooth extraction comprehensively and quantita?tively by analysis and comparison of the two sets of scores. Results The experimental group’s PoSSe scores were 18.059 1 ± 13.210 9, which was lower compared with control group (27.819 3 ± 15.716 9). In experimental group, diet, language, swelling, pain and daily points were lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Topical application of dexamethasone in mandibular wisdom tooth extraction reduces postoperative adverse reactions in a certain degree and im?prove postoperative quality of life.

Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) patients after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation ( RFA). Methods The data of 46 HCC cases were reviewed in our study. Results of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) , ultrasound contrast agent sonography and grey ultrasound were compared with each other pre- and after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation. Results Contrast agent ultrasound imaging had the same value with CT in preoperative diagnosis of HCC, with postive likelihood ratio of 1.26 and 1.31, respectively,sensitivity of 97% and 91% and specificity of 23% and 31% respectively. For grey ultrasound the positive likelihood ratio was 0.99, sensitivity and specificity was 76% and 23% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation was 60% and 90% respectively, and the postive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio was 6. 18 and 0. 44 respectively. The difference was significant while compared with CT (P = 0. 012). All cases were followed-up from 1 to 9 months, and all were alive with recurrence found by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in 3 cases. Conclusions Contrast agent ultrasound imaging is sensitive and effective in the diagnosis of HCC and follow-up after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation.

Basal Ganglia Diseases ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; adverse effects ; Male ; Palliative Care ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference of the spontaneous neuronal activity between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the resting-state fMRI,and to discuss the correlation between the activity level of brain and symptom severity.MethodsThirty-two children with ADHD of school age and thirty age-and gender-matched controls were experienced with resting-state fMRI scans while blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal was acquired to calculate the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF).Linear correlations were performed between the aggregate score of RS-Ⅳ and ALFF voxels in ADHD patients.ResultsCompared to the controls,the ADHD group exhibited decreased ALFF in right superior frontal gyrus ( BA9,t =- 4.61 ),left superior medial frontal gyrus ( BA10,t =- 3.63 ),left mediate frontal ( BA46,t =- 4.09 ),and left anterior cingulate cortex ( BA24,t =- 4.02).Meanwhile,it showed increased ALFF in the medial orbitofrontal cortex( BA11,t =3.52 ),right cuneus gyrus ( t =3.93 ),right mediate occipital gyrus ( BA 19,t =3.82),right cerebellum ( BA37,t =3.77),right mediate temporal gyrus( BA37,t =3.76),and left paracentral lobe ( BA6,t =3.77 ).Altered ALFF in left superior medial frontal gyrus(P=0.009,r=0.492)and the right cuneus gyrus(P=0.024,r=0.433) showed correlation with the aggregate score of RS-Ⅳ.ConclusionThe spontaneous neuronal activity decreases in prefrontal cortex and increases in default mode network of ADHD group,the activity level of left prefrontal and right cuneus gyrus is positively correlated with symptom severity.

Objective To investigate the risk factors which indicate behavior problems and degree of conflict function defects in different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder( ADHD),and to compare behavioral problems,family environment and conflict function in children with and without ADHD.Methods 87children with ADHD and 38 matched controls performed Simon-Stroop task while questionnaires (Parent Symptom Questionnaire and Family environment Scale)were acquired from their parents.Results Questionnaire indicated that children with ADHD-combined(ADHD-C) had the highest score of conduct problem( 1.05 ± 0.44),learning problem ( 1.97 ± 0.52 ),hyperactivity-impulsion ( 1.56 ± 0.60) and hyperactivity index ( 1.45 ± 0.40 ) than ADHDⅠ(0.65±0.32,1.58 ±0.58,1.06 ±0.46,1.01 ±0.31) and matched controls ( 0.42 ±0.24,0.77 ±0.49,0.58±0.40,0.55 ±0.34) in PSQ.ADHD-Ⅰ and ADHD-C had higher score of contradiction(3.28 ± 1.70,4.61 ±2.56 ) and lower score of family cohesion (6.75 ± 2.27,6.61 ± 2.03 ),emotional expression (5.03 ± 1.54,5.06 ±1.91 ),knowledge (3.83 ± 2.30,3.61 ± 1.81 ) and entertainment (3.70 ± 2.12,3.47 ± 2.32 ) than matched controls (2.36 ± 1.44,8.06 ± 1.71,6.03 ± 1.54,4.86 ± 1.91,4.83 ± 2.29) in FES-CV.Behavior data indicated that the correct rate of children with ADHD-Ⅰ and ADHD-C in Simon-incongruent trials( Siin:0.76 ± 0.13,0.69 ±0.13 ) and Stroop-inconsistent trials( Stin:0.82 ± 0.10,0.78 ± 0.08 )were lower and reaction time of children with ADHD-Ⅰ and ADHD-C in the Siin ( (876.4 ± 97.34) ms,( 893.8 ± 130.1 ) ms) and Stin ( ( 864.4 ± 91.82 ) ms,(860.2 ± 125.0) ms) were longer than matched controls ( (Siin (0.81 ± 0.11 ) ms,(810.4 ± 136.1 ) ms; Stin (0.87 ± 0.08 ) ms,(797.4 ± 136.1 ) ms).Pearson correlation analysis suggested that some factors in the FES-CV had correlation with behavioral problems.Conclusion This finding indicates that poor family environment is the risk factor that indicate behavioral problems in children with ADHD and behavioral problems,conflict function defeet of ADHD-C are more serious than ADHD-Ⅰ and matched controls.

Objective To analyze the antioxidant activities of extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. by different solvents, and to determine the contents of total flavonoids. Methods By employing colorimetric method, contents of total flavonoids in different extracts were determined. The free radical scavenging activity of each extract was measured by DPPH method. Results Different extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. by different solvents were provided with DPPH free radical scavenging activities, of which the ethyl alcohol extracts were the highest in scavenging activities. In addition, total flavonoids content of ethyl alcohol extracts was significantly higher than that of others. Conclusion The antioxidant activity of extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. was related to the content of total flavonoids in it.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of automated urine formed elements analyzer and/or urine dipstick analyzer for examination of urinary formed elements in screening urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods 148 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from the UTI patients and 284 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from non-UTI subjects were selected. Bacteria culture was performed for bacterial colony counting and identification. Bacteria counts ( BACT), yeast-like fungus and WBC were performed by UF-looOi automated urine formed elements analyzer. Leukocyte esterase test (LEU) and nitrite test (NIT) were performed by URISYS 2400 urine dipstick analyzer. We evaluated data obtained from urine dipstick analyzer, UF-1000i and combination of UF-1000i with urine dipstick analyzer and the results was compared with those obtained from quantitative bacterial culture. Then we evaluated the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Results Among the 148 patients with UTI, the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture was 73.6% (109/148), the positive rate of LEU and NIT detected by dipstick test 26. 4% (39/148).There was significantly statistical difference between bacterial culture and strip test(χ2 = 55.68 ,P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of urine flow cytometry by UF-1000i with either positive of BACT and WBC was 91.2%(135/148), which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. There was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 14. 70, P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of anyone positive among BACT, WBC, LEU and NIT was 94. 6% (140/148) when detected with combination of dipstick test and UF-1000i, which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. And there was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 20. 45, P < 0. 05 ). The sensitivity of dipstick test was low (26. 4% ,39/148 ), and specificity was high ( 99. 3%, 282/284 ) . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of BACT detected by UF-1000i in diagnosing urinary tract infection were 92. 6% ( 137/148 ), 39. 8% ( 113/284 ). 44. 5% ( 137/308 ) and 91.1% ( 113/124 ), respectively. If the dipstick test was combined with UF-1000i, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy were 98.0% ( 145/148 ), 97.1% ( 100/103 ). 35.2% (100/284) ,44. 1% (145/329) and 56. 7% (245/432), respectively. Conclusions The combination of urine dipstick test and automated urine formed elements analyzer UF-1000i plays an important role in early diagnosis of UTI. And it has significant value in diagnosis of UTI, especially for the patients with negative bacterial cultures of urine sample.

Objective To investigate the role of GABAB1 receptors in spinal dorsal horn neurons in the development of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Methods Sixty pathogen free male SD rats aged 4 weeks weighing 150-170 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 30 each): control group and DNP group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels and paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli were measured at 3, 5 and 7 weeks (T1, T2, T3 ) after IP STZ/NS ( n = 10 each). The animals were sacrificed after PWL measurement. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of GABAB1 receptors by immuno-histochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results The blood glucose levels were significantly higher while the PWT was significantly lower at T1,T2 and T3 in group DNP than in control group. The expression of GABAB1 receptor mRNA and protein in spinal dorsal horn was significantly lower at T2 and T3 in DNP group than in control group. Conclusion The expression of GABAb1 receptors is down-regulated in spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats with DNP.

Objective To explore the feasibility of electromagnetic navigation for hepatic ducts exploration by choledochoscope based on a three-dimensional (3D) printing model.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of 1 patient with obstructive jaundice combined with secondary biliary tract dilation who was admitted to the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital in April 2016 were collected.Digital imaging and standardized format data of enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan were collected,3D reconstruction of liver and bile duct were done under a 3D printing model,and then a hollow model of bile duct was achieved.Choledochoscope with internal electromagnetic probe was inserted into the printed hepatic ducts.Four points of anatomical markers in left and right hepatic ducts and common hepatic duct were chosen as fiducial markers for calibration and registration.Results After registration,the scope can be tracked in main hepatic segmental bile ducts.The locations of choledochoscope matched precisely the navigation results.Conclusion Electromagnetic navigation may bring accurate tracking effectiveness for choledochoscopic examination.

Objective To investigate mechanisms underlying the prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice by intraperitoneal infusion of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) (MOG i.p.).Methods C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 to establish the model of EAE and then were intraperitoneally injected daily with MOG35-55 or ovalbumin (OVA, served as control) from day 6 to day 16.EAE was evaluated daily using a general clinical scoring system and histological analysis.Numbers of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and central nervous system (CNS) were detected at different time points.Effects of MOG i.p.on the migration of MOG-T cells in vivo were analyzed by an adoptive transfer experiment.Maturation of splenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and migration of MOG-T cells in vitro were examined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and a Transwell system, respectively.Results MOG i.p.protected the mice from development of EAE by blocking the lymphocyte recruitment to CNS.More effector T cells were trapped in the periphery of EAE and naive mice in adoptive transfer experiment after MOG i.p.treatment.MOG i.p.induced the maturation of splenic APCs and enhanced the expression of CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ (MHCⅡ) molecules.Mature APCs blocked the recruitment of effector T cells to CNS.Conclusion MOG i.p.protects mice from EAE by inducing the maturation of splenic APCs.