Objective To investigate if apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3)on bladder cancer T24 cell line is related to the alteration of protein kinase C and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (PKC-cAMP)and its possible mechanism.Methods Apoptosis was studied by TUNEL method.Radio- immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay methods were used to detect the PKC-cAMP alteration in apoptotic process.The expressions and activation of caspase3 were observed by immunocytochemical method and Western blot.Results Atter 24-h drug treatment,the cell apoptosis induced by different concentrations of As_2O_3 was detected by TUNEL method.In control group,the apoptosis rate was 0.86%;PKC level was 2.55 pmol?min~(-1)??g~(-1);cAMP concentration was 22.56 pmol/ml;the expression rate of caspase3 was 8.01%.Compared with control group,the apoptosis rates of 5?mol/L and 10?mol/L As_2O_3 groups increased 8.51-fold and 13.33-fold,respectively;PKC Level decreased 59.22% and 64.71%,respectively;cAMP in- creased 5.34-fold and 4.23-fold,respectively;expression rates of caspase3 increased 3.96-fold and 6.76- fold,respectively.The differences were significant(P＜0.05).Compared with As_2O_3 groups,apoptosis rates of 5?mol/L and 10?mol/L As_2O_3+100nmol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-aectate(PMA)groups decreased 40.22% and 45.58%,respectively;PKC increased 1.00-fold and 0.76-told,respectively;cAMP decreased 8.37% and 31.46%,respectively;expression rates of caspase3 decreased 51.09% and 65.03%,respective- ly.Activation of caspase3 was detected in As_2O_3-treated groups and As_2O_3+100 nmol/L PMA-treated groups;and activations of caspase3 in PMA-treated groups were weaker than those in As_2O_3-treated groups. Conclusions The antitumor mechanism of As_2O_3 may be the induction of bladder cancer T24 cell apopto- sis by decreasing PKC and increasing cAMP level.

Objective To explore the current status of sexual education and real needs of college freshmen in Kunming.Methods By applying random sampling,350 students from three universities in Kunming were investigated by seff-administered questionnaire,and 310 valid questionnaires were recovered.Fesults 23.9％ students confirmed that the schools do not provide courses related to sexual health,and 22.9％ of the surveyed students claimed that they even did not heard any sexual education courses in their schools.The main sources of students to acquire information in terms of sexuality and sexual health are network television,video magazines,friends and classmates.Both male and female students are more acceptable to carry out sex education lectures.There were significant differences between male and female students in the form of obtaining sexual education,the content of sexual education and the demand of sexual education in three aspects (P＜0.05).Girls tend to carry out sexual education in the form of major courses,but boys tend to the form of playing video or distributing books and periodicals (P＜0.05).Girls tend to obtain the courses on sexually disease,AIDS,heterosexual intercourse,or love psychology,but boys tend to contraceptive knowledge and skilIs,or Sexual value orientation (P＜0.05).Girls are more likely to acquire the knowledge of masturbation,sexual health,or sexual health,but boys prefer to the knowledge of sexual psychology,parasexuality,or homosexuality (P＜0.05).Conclusion As a main body of educational institute for young people,all universities should provide training courses related to sexuality and sexual health at the early stage of higher education in order to equip college students with essential knowledge and skills to have safer and positive impact on their college studies.

Background The novel dynamic biomechanical device Corvis ST can measure a variety of corneal deformation parameters and record the dynamic process of cornea deformation.Understanding various corneal deformation parameters is of important clinical significance for morphological and functional prediction for myopic eyes in corneal refractive surgery.However,the range and meaning of corneal deformation parameters in myopic eyes are still unknown.Objective This study was to establish the range of corneal defamation parameters by Corvis ST and explore its clinical significance in myopic eyes.Methods A descriptive study was designed under the approval of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital and informed consent of patients.This study protocol complied with Helsinki Declaration.Four hundred and seventy-seven eyes of 257 myopic patients who were going to receive corneal refractive surgery were included in Tianjin Eye Hospital from June 2014 to January 2015.The corneal deformation parameters including the first applanation time (1st A-time),first applanation lengh (1 st A-length),first applanation velocity (1 st A-velocity),second applanation time (2nd A-time),second applanation length (2nd A-length),second applanation velocity (2nd A-velocity),highest concavity time (HC-time),highest concavity deformation amplitude (HC-DA),highest concavity peak distance (HC-PD),highest concavity radius (HC-R),non-contact intraocular pressure (IOPnct) and the central corneal thickness (CCTst) were measured by Corvis ST.Corneal structural parameters including CCT and corneal curvature were measured by 3-D anterior segment analysis system (Pentacam),and corneal biomechanical parameters including corneal resistance factor (CRF),corneal hysteresis (CH),intraocular pressure mimic Goldmann (IOPg) and intraocular pressure of corneal compensation (IOPcc) were measured by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).The distributions of the data were tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.The correlations of the variables were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the changes of 1st A-time,2nd A-time and HC-DA with corneal morphology and biomechanical parameters.Resnlts Only 1st A-time,2ndA-time,HC-time,HC-DA,CCTst and IOPnct showed the normality distribution in corneal deformation parameters.The positive correlations were found between 1st A-time,1st A-length,2nd A-length,2nd A-velocity,HC-R with CCT (r=0.338,rs=0.129,rs=0.282,rs =0.374,r=0.306,all at P＜0.01),while 1st A-velocity,2nd A-time,HC-D and HC-PD showed the negative correlations with CCT (rs =-0.235,r=-0.130,r=-0.259,r=-0.226,all at P＜0.01).CRF and CH showed positive correlations with 1st A-time,2nd A-length,2nd A-velocity,HC-time,HC-R and negative correlations with HC-PD,△A-length (all at P＜0.05).1st A-time,2nd A-time and HC-DA changed with CRF and IOPcc with the regression formations of 1st A-time =6.185+0.066CRF+0.034IOPec (F=300.123,P =0.000),2nd A-time=23.397-0.074IOPec-0.044CRF (F=227.979,P=0.000) and HC-DA =1.523-0.017IOPcc-0.017CRF (F=152.662,P=0.000).The CCTst,IOPst and IOPnct values by Corvis ST were significantly lower than CCT by Pentacam ([548.23±26.31] μm,IOPg ([15.02±2.72]mmHg and ([16.02-±2.56]mmHg) by ORA respectively (t =11.00,2.919,6.815,all at P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The corneal deformation parameters by Corvis ST can quantitatively describe corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes.Both IOP and the corneal steep curvature of the 3 mm center area (K2) affect the deformation response of cornea.The reliability of Corvis ST in the measurement of CCT and IOP remains to be further studied.

Directed evolution was conducted to improve the thermostability of lipase from Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M201021. Mutations were introduced by two rounds of error-prone PCR and mutant lipase was selected by fast-blue RR top agar screening. Two positive variants were selected in the first-round and four in the second-round screening process. Ep2-4 was proved as the most thermostable lipase and its DNA sequencing revealed three amino acid substitutions: A129S, P168L and V329A. Compared with the parent, its half-life at 60 degrees C was 5.4- times longer and T50 was 7.8 degrees higher. Purified lipase of Ep2-4 was characterized and the result shows that its thermostability improved without compromising enzyme activity. According to the mimicked protein structure, mutation A129S formed a hydrogen bond with Gln133 and improved the thermostability by increasing the hydrophilicity and polarity of protein; mutation P168L by forming a hydrophobic bond with the nearby Leu164.
Cloning, Molecular ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; methods ; Enzyme Stability ; genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Industrial Microbiology ; Lipase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Protein Engineering ; methods ; Rhizopus ; enzymology

Objective To investigate the efficacy of thoracoabdominal mini-incision surgery for the treatment of gastric cardia cancer. Methods Radical resection of gastric cardia cancer was performed on 60 patients from January 2002 to January 2007. Thoracoabdominal mini-incision was used in 30 cases, and posterolateral thoracotomy was carried out in the other 30 patients. The data of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Results The operations were accomplished without death or severe complications in all the patients. Compared with the posterolateral thoracotomy group, thoracoabdominal mini-incision group had shorter incisions [(12.4?0.7) cm vs (19.2?2.0) cm, t=-17.577, P=0.000], shorter operation time [(207.3?76.1) min vs (260.0?85.6) min, t=-2.519, P=0.015], earlier postoperative ambulation [(2.3?0.5)d vs (3.4?0.5) d, t=-8.521, P=0.000], less thoracic drainage [(276.7?58.7) ml vs (308.7?59.5) ml, t=-2.097, P=0.040], less analgesic (pethidine) requirement [(66.7?27.3) mg vs (113.3?45.4) mg, t=-4.818, P=0.000], shorter duration of oxygen use [(3.8?2.0) d vs (5.1?2.6) d, t=-2.171, P=0.034], and higher arterial oxygen saturation[(97.6?2.7)% vs (96.1?2.7)%,t=2.152,P=0.036]. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the number of dissected thoracic lymph nodes (1.87?0.43 vs 1.93?0.37, t=-0.579, P=0.565), number of dissected celiac lymph nodes (4.00?0.45 vs 3.97?0.49, t=0.247, P=0.806), postoperative hospital stay [(11.8?1.0) d vs (12.0?1.2) d, t=-0.701, P=0.486), pulmonary infection (2 vs 5, ?2=0.647, P=0.421), atrial fibrillation (2 vs 4, ?2=0.185, P=0.667) and positive surgical margins (0 vs 1, ?2=0.000, P=1.000). The two groups were followed up for (36.3?13.9) months and (36.3?16.5) months, respectively (t=0.024, P=0.981), no significant difference was detected between them in the 1- and 3-year survival cases (19 vs 22, ?2=0.487, P=0.485; and 10 vs 12, ?2=0.194, P=0.660) and chest pain (2 vs 3, ?2=0.000, P=1.000) during the period. Conclusions By using a thoracoabdominal mini-incision, gastric cardia cancer can be resected completely with less trauma. The approach is ideal for clinical application.

By using recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) to analyze traditional Chinese medicine pulse signals of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), this study aims to find nonlinear dynamic parameters of pulses to distinguish patients with CHD from normal subjects.

Column chromatography on silica gel was used to study the chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine Siegesbeckia pubescens. The chemical structures of the separated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. As a result, eighteen compounds were obtained and identified as 3, 4'-dimethoxy quercetin(1), 3, 3', 4'-trimethoxy quercetin(2), 3, 3'-dimethoxy quercetin(3), 7, 3', 4'-trimethoxy luteolin(4), ursolic acid(5), 2β,19α-dihydroxyursolic acid(6), 2β-hydroxyursolic acid (7), stigmasterol-7-one(8), 5α, 8α-epidioxy-24(R)-methyl-cholesta-6, 22-diene-3β-ol(9), β-sitosterol(10), 2, 6-di(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3, 7-dioxacyclo [3. 3. 0] octane (11), aurantiamide acetate (12), 3-(m-hydroxyl-p-methoxy)-N-(2'-p-hydroxyl-phenethyl)-2E-acrylamide(13), p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (14), m-hydroxy-p-methoxy benzaldehyde (15), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid(16), monoethyl malonate(17), and p-hydroxylcinnamic acid(18). Among them, compounds 1-9, 11-18 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Luteolin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Background and purpose:Reasonable proportion with blood less than half of the surgical system, cancer patients during surgery prone to acute massive blood loss, this study aimed to investigate blood transfusion in the patients who diagnosed with cancer during operation in the Afifliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, and in order to improve the intraoperative blood transfusion and make it more scientiifc and more reasonable.Methods:The patients who were taken selective operations and heterogenous blood transfusions in the Afifliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Oct. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were enrolled, and the clinical data were retrospectively surveyed and investigated.The intraoperative use of blood components and reasonableness in each department were analyzed.Results:The medical records of 299 blood transfusion receipts proportions of reasonable transfusion of RBC from department of gastrointestinal surgery, gynecology, orthopedics, hepatobiliary surgery, neurosurgery, urological surgery and thoracic surgery were 88.9%, 91.8%, 94.3%, 96.3%, 91.6%, 100%, 81.3%,respectively. And the proportions of reasonable transfusion of plasma were 86.2%, 71.8%, 96.4%, 78.4%, 100%, 100%, 87.5%, respectively. The proportions of low-volume blood transfusion and the combined transfusion of RBC and plasma were 62.5% and 43.2% in unreasonable blood transfusion.Conclusion:Except for the unreasonableness in very few departments, the intraoperative blood component transfusion is carried on fairly well. The medical staff still should be further trained in the appropriate use of blood and strengthened the knowledge on blood transfusion.

This study was aimed to assist the clinic diagnosis and analysis with the application of modern ausculta-tion diagnosis technology. Meanwhile, this study provided certain objective evidences for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) auscultation diagnosis in syndrome differentiation according to Zang-Fu. The Voice Sampling System of TCM was used in the collection of voice signals of patients with liver-depression and spleen-deficiency, deficiency of both heart and spleen, disharmony between heart and kidney (231 cases). Meanwhile, voice signals of healthy peo-ple (100 cases) were used as the control group. Based on wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction technique, four kinds of featured parameters, including energy proportion, generalized energy proportion, energy gradient and generalized energy gradient, were extracted. The results showed that there were significant differences in multiple fre-quencies on energy proportion, generalized energy proportion, energy gradient and generalized energy gradient be-tween the liver-depression and spleen-deficiency, deficiency of both heart and spleen, disharmony between heart and kidney, and healthy people (P< 0.05). There were significant differences in multiple frequencies of four features a-mong samples from each type (P < 0.05). The generalized energy proportion of the deficiency of both heart and spleen type was higher than patients from other types and healthy people. The generalized energy gradient of healthy people was lower than the other three types. Differences were mainly posterior to the middle frequency segment. The recognition rate of three types and healthy people was ideal after feature screening. It was concluded that modern auscultation diagnosis technology can be used in the analysis of TCM phonetic feature parameters among common TCM syndrome types. The research results provided references for the objective study of TCM auscultation diagnosis. It provided theoretical evidences for the objective detection of TCM auscultation diagnosis and intelligent computer.

Objective To investigate the effect of diaphragm training on respiratory function and the activities of daily living after cerebral apoplexy.Methods Seventy-eight patients with post-stroke fatigue were randomly divided into a treatment group and a routine therapy group,each of 39.Both groups were given conventional rehabilitation treatment,while the treatment group was additionally provided with diaphragm muscle training.Before and after 4 weeks of treatment,both groups were evaluated using pulmonary function tests,a fatigue severity scale (FSS),Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (FMA) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).Results Vital capacity,forced vital capacity,forced vital capacity during the first second,and especially the maximum ventilatory volume of the treatment group were all significantly improved after the treatment.There was also significant improvement in that group's average FSS score,but not in that of the control group.The average FMA and MBI scores for both groups had improved significantly after the intervention,with the average FMA score of the treatment group significantly higher than that of the control group.However,no significant differences in the average MBI score were observed after the treatment.Conclusion Diaphragm training can significantly improve motor function and the daily life of stroke survivors.The mechanism may be related to improved respiratory function and decreased severity of fatigue.