In this study, 17 kinds of Dendrobium species of Fengdous including 39 individuals were collected from 4 provinces. Mitochondrial gene sequences co I, nad 5, nad 1-intron 2 and chloroplast gene sequences rbcL, matK amd psbA-trnH were amplified from these materials, as well as nrDNA ITS. Furthermore, suitable sequences for identification of Dendrobium species of Fengdous were screened by K-2-P and P-distance. The results showed that during the mentioned 7 sequences, nrDNA ITS, nad 1-intron 2 and psbA-trnH which had a high degree of variability could be used to identify Dendrobium species of Fengdous. However, single fragment could not be used to distinguish D. moniliforme and D. huoshanense. Moreover, compared to other combined fragments, new type combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 was more effective in identifying the original plants of Dendrobium species and could be used to identify D. huoshanense and D. moniliforme. Besides, according to the UPGMA tree constructed with nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2, 3 inspected Dendrobium plants were identified as D. huoshanense, D. moniliforme and D. officinale, respectively. This study identified Dendrobium species of Fengdous by combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 for the first time, which provided a more effective basis for identification of Dendrobium species. And this study will be helpful for regulating the market of Fengdous.

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) over expres?sion in the hippocampus on the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of total flavoids from Xiaobuxin Tang (XBXT-2). METHODS Adeno-associated virus containing GSK3β(S9A) mutation was microinjected into the hippocampus. After three weeks of recovery, GSK3βand p-GSK3βwere detected by Western blotting, and open field test (OFT) was used to evaluate the locomotor activity. Then, AAV group and GSK3β over expression group were divided into administration group and solvent group, respectively. XBXT-2 (100 mg · kg-1) and solvent were ig administered chronically. After 14 d and 16 d of administra?tion, the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were used to investigate the influence of GSK3βover expression on the antidepressant effect of XBXT-2, respectively. After 18 d and 20 d of administration, the elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and staircase test (ST) were used to investigate the influence of GSK3β over expression on the anxiolytic effects of XBXT-2, respectively. RESULTS Western blotting analysis showed that the protein level of GSK3βincreased significantly in GSK3βover expression group (P<0.01) compared with AAV group, but there was no significant difference in p-GSK3β. In OFT, the number of crossings and rearings showed no difference between AAV group and GSK3β over expression group. The results of TST and FST showed that compared with AAV group, the immobility time was significantly reduced in AAV+XBXT-2 group (P<0.05, P<0.01), but compared with GSK3β over expression group, the immobility time showed no difference in GSK3β over expression+XBXT-2 group. In EPMT, compared with AAV group, the percentage of entrances and time into open arms in AAV+XBXT-2 group was significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), but compared with GSK3βover expression group, these indexes showed no difference in GSK3βover expression+XBXT-2 group. In ST, compared with AAV group, the number of rearings was significantly reduced in AAV+XBXT-2 group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between GSK3β over expression+XBXT-2 group and GSK3βover expression group. CONCLUSION GSK3βover expression in the hippocampus can reverse the antidepressant effects of XBXT-2 in the TST and FST, and the anxiolytic effects in the EPM and ST.

The present study was undertaken to define whether intracarotid injection of capsaicin induces Fos expression associated with the activation of NOS-containing neurons in brainstem nuclei by combining the immunocytochemical method for Fos with NADPH-d histochemical technique for NOS. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Intracarotid injection of capsaicin caused a significant increase of Fos-like immunoreactive neurons in area postrema (AP), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGL) and locus coeruleus (LC), without influence upon the neurons of raphe nuclei (RN) and periaqueductal gray (PAG). (2) NO-containing neurons in PGL and NTS and the double-labeled neurons in PGL were also increased significantly following intracarotid injection of capsaicin. Small numbers of NO-containing neurons were found in LC, but there was no change in the number of NO-containing neurons in RN and PAG. No NADPH-d histochemical activity could be found in AP. (3) The above responses to capsaicin were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with either a capsaicin receptor antagonist ruthenium red or a NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. The above results indicate that intracarotid injection of capsaicin may activate the neurons in brainstem nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation, and that NO only plays an indirect role in the modulation of the responses of brainstem nuclei to capsaicin. These effects of capsaicin are mediated by capsaicin receptors with involvement of glutamate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate influential factors for the tendency to medicate and medication compliance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

METHODSA total of 188 children aged from 5 to 16 years, who were initially diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria, were included in the study. They underwent symptom assessment and cognitive function test. The compliance of methylphenidate treatment was evaluated.

RESULTSPatients with better emotional state, and fewer oppositional and hyperactive behaviors and those who had a family history of psychiatric diseases and who obtained lower scores in the number cancellation test (NCT), were more prone to medication and/or exhibited better medication compliance. Logistic regression analysis showed that fewer oppositional and hyperactive behaviors and lower NCT scores were the predictive factors for a higher tendency to medicate, and a better emotional state was the predictive factor for better medication compliance. Patients of predominantly inattentive type were more prone to medication and showed better medication compliance, as compared with those of combined type. Gender, age and symptom severity were not associated with the tendency to medicate and/or medication compliance.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a need to enhance medication compliance in children with ADHD who have hyperactive, impulsive and oppositional behaviors, and to improve their long-term social functions.

Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Methylphenidate ; therapeutic use

In this study, 17 kinds of Dendrobium species of Fengdous including 39 individuals were collected from 4 provinces. Mitochondrial gene sequences co I, nad 5, nad 1-intron 2 and chloroplast gene sequences rbcL, matK amd psbA-trnH were amplified from these materials, as well as nrDNA ITS. Furthermore, suitable sequences for identification of Dendrobium species of Fengdous were screened by K-2-P and P-distance. The results showed that during the mentioned 7 sequences, nrDNA ITS, nad 1-intron 2 and psbA-trnH which had a high degree of variability could be used to identify Dendrobium species of Fengdous. However, single fragment could not be used to distinguish D. moniliforme and D. huoshanense. Moreover, compared to other combined fragments, new type combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 was more effective in identifying the original plants of Dendrobium species and could be used to identify D. huoshanense and D. moniliforme. Besides, according to the UPGMA tree constructed with nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2, 3 inspected Dendrobium plants were identified as D. huoshanense, D. moniliforme and D. officinale, respectively. This study identified Dendrobium species of Fengdous by combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 for the first time, which provided a more effective basis for identification of Dendrobium species. And this study will be helpful for regulating the market of Fengdous.
DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Genes, Chloroplast ; Genes, Plant ; Introns ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the high-risk factors and analyze the clinical characteristics of massive pulmonary hemorrhage (MPH) in infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW).

METHODSTwo hundred and eleven ELBW infants were included in this study. Thirty-five ELBW infants who were diagnosed with MPH were labelled as the MPH group, and 176 ELBW infants without pulmonary hemorrhage were labelled as the control group. The differences in clinical characteristics, mortality rate, and incidence of complications between the two groups were analysed. The high-risk factors for MPH were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe MPH group had significantly lower gestational age, birth weight, and 5-minute Apgar score than the control group (P<0.05). The MPH group had significantly higher rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), early-onset sepsis (EOS), intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary surfactant utilization, and death compared with the control group (P<0.01). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that 5-minute Apgar score was a protective factor for MPH (OR=0.666, P<0.05), and that PDA and EOS were risk factors for MPH (OR=3.717, 3.276 respectively; P<0.01). In the infants who were discharged normally, the MPH group had a longer duration of auxiliary ventilation and a higher incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) compared with the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSA higher 5-minute Apgar score is associated a decreased risk for MPH, and the prensence of PDA or EOS is associated an increased risk for MPH in ELBW infants. ELBW infants with MPH have a prolonged mechanical ventilation, a higher mortality, and higher incidence rates of VAP and intracranial hemorrhage compared with those without pulmonary hemorrhage.

Female ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Lung Diseases ; etiology ; Male ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; epidemiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

It is proven that laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is effective for obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other obesity-related complications. The surgical procedure of LSG is relatively simple, with few short-term or long-term complications, which has increasing be applicated in recent years. As more hospitals in China carry out LSG, the related reports of its complications have gradually increased. The most common complications of LSG include gastric leakage, bleeding, and gastric cavity stenosis. Among them, gastric leakage is a more difficult problem, and untreated or improper treatment can bring serious consequences to patients. Based on the current progress in clinical treatment of gastric leakage after LSG and practical experience, the authors summarize and discusse the clinical experience of the prevention and treatment of such patients.

Objective:To understand the psychological status and nursing needs of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and provide reference for clinical targeted nursing.Methods:Using the phenomenological research method, a total of 15 patients with MHD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects by the purposive sampling method, and they were given semi-structured individualized interviews. The Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to organize the data, extract the inductive themes and analyze the results.Results:The psychological status of MHD patients was repressed fear, despair and helplessness and acceptance. The nursing needs of MHD patients included disease-related knowledge needs, social support needs and health guidance needs.Conclusions:MHD patients have negative psychology. Medical staff need to understand the psychological status and nursing needs of patients and formulate targeted nursing interventions to meet the actual needs of patients and improve the quality of life of them.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of different schemes of premenopausal tamoxifen therapy on the endometrium.

METHODSTotally 109 normal premenopausal women positive for high-risk factors of breast cancer were divided into two groups, namely periodic and consecutive tamoxifen treatment groups. Endometrial thickness as examined by vaginal sonography was assessed in relation to duration of tamoxifen use and time from discontinuation of the drug.

RESULTSAfter one year of tamoxifen use, the mean endometrial thickness in periodic treatment group was 6.5-/+1.4 mm, and 10.2-/+2.0 mm in consecutive treatment group. Endometrial thickness increased with the duration of tamoxifen use at the rate of 0.51 mm/year in the periodic treatment group, and 0.73 mm/year in consecutive treatment group. After discontinuation of tamoxifen, the endometrial thickness in the former group decreased by 1.29 mm/year, and by 1.33 mm/year in the latter.

CONCLUSIONSEndometrial hyperplasia is obviously milder in premenopausal women receiving periodic tamoxifen treatment who are at risk for breast cancer than that in women with consecutive treatment. After discontinuation of the drug, the endometrial thickness decreases at a roughly equal slow rate in the two groups.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Endometrium ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Premenopause ; drug effects ; Risk ; Tamoxifen ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Ultrasonography

Aim To explore whether sea-buckthorn slows down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 2C(CYP 2C)in mice with liver injury by BCG vaccine(BCG)-induced via PXR/NF-κB pathway.Methods The mouse model of liver injury was induced by a single tail vein injection of BCG 125 mg·kg-1 for hepatitis B research,and the mice were randomly di-vided into control group,BCG group,BCG+sea-buckthorn granules(SG)group(gavage 50,100,200 mg·kg-1,twice a day),BCG+PCN group(intraper-itoneal injection 100 mg·kg-1,once a day).The levels of serum transaminase and TNF-α and IL-1β in liver tissue were detected by ELISA.The nuclear pro-tein expression NF-κB p65 and the total protein expres-sion of pregnane X receptor(PXR),CYP2C in liver were detected by Western blot.Liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining.Results Sea-buckthorn inhibited overexpression of TNF-α,IL-1βand NF-κB p65,alleviated the down-regulation of CYP2C and PXR protein expression,and improved liv-er pathology and serum transaminase in a dose-depend-ent manner.After intervention with PCN,a mouse specific agonist of PXR,it was similar to the high dose group of SG.Conclusion Sea-buckthorn slows down-regulation of CYP2C in mice with liver injury by BCG-induced via PXR/NF-κB pathway.