The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of the nickel ion and provide with basic data for the biological evaluation of those medical devices containing nickel. Seven cell lines were chosen. They were L929, h9c2(2-1), 293[HEK-293], hFOB1.19, THLE-3, H9 and IM-9 respectively. According to the principle of biological evaluation of medical devices, MTT method was chosen to test the cytotoxicity in different concentrations of nickel ion. For each cell line, the relative growth rate (RGR) was obtained and the cytotoxic grade was classified. Besides, IC50 values were calculated. As a result, it was found that the sensitivity was different among all cell lines. H9 was the most sensitive one, while the L929 was the most tolerant one. The concentration which is not above 1.25 mg/L was safe for all seven cell lines, because the cytotoxicity for all cells exposed in this concentration were not higher than grade 1. According to the criteria for medical devices, the concentrations not above 5 mg/L were safe for L929 cells. This result helps us to roughly assess the cytotoxicity and systematic toxicity caused by nickel contained in medical devices.
Cell Line ; Equipment and Supplies ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ions ; toxicity ; Nickel ; toxicity

Objective To assess the correlation between coronary heart disease and common carotid artery and femoral artery atherosclerosis with two-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound (2D-CDUS). Methods Ninety patients with coronary heart disease were divided into three subgroups according to the extent of coronary artery stenosis observed with coronary angiography, and 50 normal subjects were taken as normal group. Ultrasound examination with high-frequency linear array probe was performed to measure IMT of common carotid and femoral artery in order to observe the plaque and extent of stenosis, the formation of blood dynamics, physical characteristics and hemodynamic environmental parameters. Results Among the coronary disease groups, common carotid artery and the femoral artery IMT, atherosclerotic plaque in the number, rate and all points increased along with the degree of coronary artery stenosis increasing. Physical characteristics and its hemodynamic environmental parameters had some changes with the increase of atherosclerosis. Conclusion The atherosclerosis of common carotid artery and the femoral artery are closely related with coronary atherosclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the serum levels of anti-measles antibody among residents in Zhejiang Province in 2018, so as to provide insights into measles control. Methods: Permanent residents aged 0 to 59 years were recruited using the stratified multistage random sampling method in Zhejiang Province in 2018, and subjects' demographic features, medical history of measles and history of immunization with measles-containing vaccine (MCV) were collected using a questionnaire survey. The serum level of anti-measles IgG antibody was detected, and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-measles IgG antibody was estimated. The seroprevalence, protective rate and GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody were compared among residents at different age groups and regions. Results: A total of 4 189 residents were enrolled, including 1 939 males and 2 250 females, with a male to female ratio of 1∶1.16. There were 3 858 residents positive for anti-measles IgG antibody, with seroprevalence of 92.10%, and there were 2 072 residents with protective antibodies against measles, with a protective rate of 49.46%. The median GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody was 798.33 (interquartile range, 1 024.06) mIU/mL, and the protective rate of anti-measles IgG antibody appeared a tendency towards a decline with age ( χ2trend=18.067, P<0.001 ). There were significant differences in the seroprevalence ( χ2=45.090, P<0.001 ), protective rate ( χ2=57.432, P<0.001 ) and GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody (χ2=88.624, P<0.001 ) among residents at different regions, with the lowest seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG antibody in Ningbo City ( 85.19% ), the lowest antibody-protective rate (38.98%) and the lowest GMC [632.89 ( 909.04 ) mIU/mL] in Zhoushan City, the highest seroprevalence ( 95.16% ), antibody-protective rate (58.48%) and GMC [1 035.84 ( 1 301.77 ) mIU/mL] in Huzhou City. Conclusions The protective rate of anti-measles antibody was low and appeared a tendency towards a decline among residents in Zhejiang Province in 2018. There was a region-specific serum level of anti-measles antibody in Zhejiang Province in 2018.

Objective: To establish an optimized path for health management of HBV infections among pregnant and lying-in women based on a Delphi method, so as to provide the evidence for intensifying the interruption of the mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Methods: Based on literature review and previous studies, the preliminary framework and contents of the optimized path for health management of HBV infections were constructed. Experts from epidemiology, clinical medicine and maternal and children healthcare were invited to participate in two-round Delphi consultations, and the preliminarily designed indicators were screened and revised. The score for feasibility of each indicator was calculated, and the weight of each indicator was estimated using a proportional distribution method. Results: Sixteen experts participated in the consultation, including 13 women. The participants had a mean age of (45.69±5.71) years, and a mean employment duration of (23.06±7.05) years. All participants had a degree of bachelor and above, and there were 14 experts with vice senior professional titles. The mean positive coefficient was 96.88% and the mean authority coefficient was 0.790 during the two-round expert consultations. There were significant differences in the coordination coefficient of importance, necessity and feasibility of indicators at all levels (P<0.05), and the coefficient of variation of the feasibility was all less than 0.250. The final optimized path for health management of HBV infections among pregnant and lying-in women included 6 primary indicators, 17 secondary indictors and 73 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, delivery management (0.173 4), screening and evaluation (0.172 8) and pregnancy management (0.172 7) had a high weight. Conclusion A scientific and reliable optimized path is created for health management of HBV infections among pregnant and lying-in women, which has a potential value for improving the interruption of mother-to-child transmission of HBV.

Objective : To identify spatio-temporal distribution patterns of mumps in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2019, so as to provide insights into precise control of mumps. Methods : The epidemiological data pertaining to mumps in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2019 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The time- and region-specific incidence of mumps was descriptively analyzed, and the spatio-temporal clustering characteristics of mumps incidence were identified using global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses and spatio-temporal scan analysis. Results : A total of 167 196 cases of mumps were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2019, and the incidence of mumps reduced from 56.08/105 in 2008 to 11.35/105 in 2019, with a reduction of 79.76%. There was no remarkable mumps seasonality since 2017; however, spatial autocorrelation was seen in mumps incidence in 2008, 2011 and 2012, respectively ( Moran's I coefficient=0.16, 0.18, 0.16; all P<0.05 ). Spatio-temporal scan analysis identified five spatio-temporal clusters of mumps incidence in 2008, 2011 and 2012, and the most likely spatio-temporal cluster was mainly concentrated in Cangnan County of Wenzhou City, covering 17 counties clustered in the time frame from 15 January 2008 to 28 February 2009, while the other four clusters were concentrated in Pinghu City of Jiaxing City, Kaihua County of Quzhou City, Fuyang District of Hangzhou City and Zhuji City of Shaoxing City, clustered in the time frame from 15 January 2008 to 30 June 2012. Conclusion The incidence of mumps appeared a tendency towards a reduction in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2019, and rebounded in some regions. No remarkable mumps seasonality was seen since 2017. The spatio-temporal clusters of mumps incidence were concentrated in Wenzhou and Jiaxing cities of Zhejiang Province in 2008, 2011 and 2012; however, no spatial cluster was identified since 2012.

Abstract: Schistosomiasis, an important zoonotic parasitic disease, is one of the six major tropical diseases identified by WHO, and also one of the most important parasitic diseases for prevention and control in China. After more than 70 years of efforts, the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in China has made great achievements, and the current epidemic of schistosomiasis in China has entered an extremely low epidemic state, but the distribution base of the only intermediate host of schistosomiasis, Oncomelania hupensis, is still large. For now, the techniques used to monitor schistosomiasis have shortcomings such as time-consuming, laborious and low sensitivity, which cannot meet the current needs of China. Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to DNA that can be extracted from environmental samples (such as soil, water or air) without isolating any target organisms, which is a complex mixture of genomic DNA and its degradation products from different organisms in the same environment. eDNA technology can reflect the community or species composition information in the ecosystem through DNA extraction and detection of environmental samples. Compared with traditional biological monitoring methods, eDNA technology has the advantages of high efficiency, high sensitivity and environmental friendliness. eDNA has been successfully used for the specific detection of Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma japonicum. This paper reviews the current detection methods of eDNA, the application and technical limitations of eDNA technology in schistosomiasis monitoring, aiming to provide scientific reference for research in the field of schistosomiasis surveillance.

Abstract Vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus type Ⅲ was detected in an acute flaccid paralysis infant at age of 6 months in Zhejiang Province in June, 2021, and the isolated and incubated virus had six nucleotide variations in the VP1 region as compared to the poliovirus Sabin vaccine strain. The infant had a history of three-dose poliovirus vaccination, and grade 2 muscle strength of the left upper limb upon onset. He was clinically diagnosed with cellulitis of the left shoulder, and recovered to normal following treatment. No abnormality was detected in the nervous system, and the infant was cured and discharged from hospital. No vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus was detected in subsequent infant' clinical samples or in close contacts, and no similar cases were identified during the active case detection by county/district medical institutions and among community populations. Since the infant did not present poliomyelitis-related clinical symptoms caused by vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus, poliomyelitis was excluded. The vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus was not spread because of timely identification and effective responses, suggesting the urgent need to maintain the sensitivity of the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system and improve the coverage of poliovirus vaccination, so as to inhibit the transmission of poliovirus.

Objective: To analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the construction on intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide countermeasures for promoting the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province. Methods: By reviewing the annual reports of Zhejiang immunization planning, survey data from Zhejiang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Immunization Intelligent Service System, data of human resources of immunization planning, vaccine procurement, construction progress of intelligent vaccination clinics and vaccination were collected. The relevant literature was searched to gather information on the construction standards and norms of intelligent vaccination clinics. The analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics was conducted, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. Results: The National Immunization Program reported vaccine rate in Zhejiang Province is more than 99%, and standardized vaccination clinics have been popularized throughout the province. The vaccination staff are professional, and a province-wide intelligent immunization service information system has been established, providing the resources and conditions for the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics. However, there are problems such as low data quality and matching efficiency in vaccination, insufficient data interoperability and sharing, unbalanced regional capabilities in intelligent transformation, and uneven distribution of talent and resources. It is crucial to seize the opportunities presented by the development of big data and artificial intelligence, rely on the regional development of the Internet and health industry, seize the opportunity of rapid growth in demand for intelligent vaccination services and high public acceptance, accelerate the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics, and establish intelligent vaccination service standards as soon as possible. Conclusion We should seize the opportunities presented by the digital reform and development, fully utilize the existing vaccination resources and strengths, address the shortcomings, and accelerate the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province.

Objective To find a non-volatile positive material control which showed moderately or severely cytotoxic and could be obtained easily. Methods The in vitro cytotoxicity study was conducted according to the agar diffusion method in ISO 10993.5-2009 and YY/T 0127.9-2001. Each sample was placed in contacted with the surface of an agar layer overlaying a monolayer of L-929 Mouse Fibroblast cel s which were stained with neutral red vital stain at the bottom of the plate. As the sample, Mytomycin C was diluted to 2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL. Results In the group of 2 mg/mL Mytomycin C, it was observed that the cytotoxicity grade was 3. In the group of 1 mg/mL Mytomycin C, it was observed that the cytotoxicity grade was 3. In the group of 0.5 mg/mL Mytomycin C, it was observed that the cytotoxicity grade was 2. Conclusion 2 mg/mL Mytomycin C could be used as a positive material control of agar diffusion.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of a new biomaterial in promoting the bone regeneration for repairing critical-size cranial defects in SD rats.

METHODSCritical-size cranial defects were induced in 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and repaired with the implants of calcium phosphate from growth factor enhanced matrix 21 (CaPfromGEM21, control), CaPfromGEM21 preloaded with 10 ng bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), CaPfromGEM21 preloaded with 100 ng BMP-2, CaPfromGEM21 preloaded with 0.3 µg platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), or CaPfromGEM21 preloaded with 3 µg PDGF-BB. The defects were examined 6 weeks after the surgery with X-ray, micro-CT, HE staining and quantitative assessments.

RESULTSX-ray showed defect repair in all the groups. The fracture line became obscure, and the defects were almost fully repaired by the regenerated bone tissues in PDGF-BB group. Micro-CT demonstarted new bone formation in the defects. The new bone volume was significantly greater in PDGF-BB groups than in BMP-2 groups (P<0.05). HE staining revealed the presence of new bones in the defects and new vessels in and around the new bones without inflammatory cells. The new bone area fraction was significantly greater in 10 ng BMP-2 group and 0.3 µg PDGF-BB group than in the control group (P<0.05), and the new vessel density was similar in the all the 4 cytokine-preloaded groups and all significantly greater than that in the blank and CaPfromGEM21 control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCaPfromGem21 combined with BMP-2 or PDGF-BB has good biocompatibility and can better promote bone regeneration for repairing bone defects.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; pharmacology ; Bone Regeneration ; drug effects ; Calcium Phosphates ; pharmacology ; Male ; Prostheses and Implants ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skull ; pathology ; Wound Healing