Objective To analyze the urodynamic abnormalities of incontinent stroke patients,and evaluate the effects of acupuncture,moxibustion in combination with physical therapy.Methods One hundred and six in- continent stroke patients were divided into a control group and a treatment group.The control group was treated with conventional methods,and the treatment group with acupuncture,moxibustion and physical therapy modalities such as ultrasound and EMG biofeedback.The Urodynamic examination was performed before and after treatment.Re- sults It was found that the uradynamic abnormalities in the incontinent stroke patients include detrusor hyperreflexia and uninhibited sphincter relaxation.Combined use of acupuncture,moxibustion and physical therapy can significant- ly improve the patients' symptoms.Conclusion Common urodynamic abnormalities.are detrusor hyperreflexia and uninhibited external sphincter relaxation in incontinent stroke patients.Combined use of acupuncture,moxibustion and physical therapy is effective for treating this condition.

Objective To study the causes, clinical feature,diagnoses and prognosis of pseudoprecocious puberty. Methods Thirty-eight cases with pseudoprecocious puberty were diagnosed by the serum LH and FSH of GnRHa stimulation test, pelvic ultrasonography and bone age assessment; they were treated and followed up. Results Peaks of LH were(0.49?0.48) IU/L, peaks of FSH were(0.54?0.78) IU/L, the level of E2 in 26 cases increased (36.11?15.70) ng/L,17-hydroxyprogesterone of 1 case was beyond 266 nmol/L. All cases showed hysterauxesis (3.98?1.18) mL. Cases of wrong contraceptive intake were 29,5 cases of McCune-Albright syndrome,2 cases of ovarian cyst, 1 case of ovarian granular cell tumor,1 case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Conclusions The causes of pseudoprecocious puberty are multifactors. Early diagnosis,therapy,follow-up are very important for prognosis.

Aim To investigate the changes of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction and the impact of simvastatin on HO-1 expression in rats.Methods Myocardial infarction models were made by anterior descending coronary artery ligation on male SD rats whereas sham group by spurious ligation.Survivals were randomized into myocardial infarction(MI) group,simvastatin(Sim) group and sham group 24 hours after the operation.The Sim group was treated with simvastatin 40 mg?kg-1?d-1 via gavage till sacrifice.MI and sham groups were gavaged with equal volume of 0.9% NaCl at the same time.Rats were sacrificed at time points of 24 hours,7 days and 28 days after the operation,for the detection of HO-1 mRNA by RT-PCR,HO-1 protein level by Western bolt,activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) by spectrophotometric method in non-infarcted zone.Results Expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein level increased at 24 hours,peaked at 7 days and decreased to basal levels at 28 days.All the indexes at each time point mentioned above were significantly higher in MI group than those in sham group.At the 7th day and 28 th day after the operation,the indexes were higher in Sim group than those in MI group(P

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Boronic Acids ; pharmacology ; Bortezomib ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; pathology ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of adaptin-2(AP-2) in mice cochlea and to discuss the probable role in the endocytosis of hair cells. METHOD: Laser scanning confocal microscopy and immune-fluroscence histochemistry were performed in this study. RESULT: In mature mice cochlea, the immunoreactivity for AP-2 was found in the inner hair cells cytoplasm. This protein mainly expressed in the hair cells basal part and nearby the ribbon synapse. CONCLUSION AP-2 protein mainly expressed in the hair cells synaptic activity zone , which suggested that AP-2 could play an important role in the synaptic vesicle endocytosis. This finding built the foundation for the further research involved in the physiological and pathological role of AP-2.
Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cochlea ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner ; metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Synapses

Objective To investigate the expression of adaptin-2(AP-2) in different stages of mouse coch‐lea and its probable role in the auditory generation and formation .Methods Mice were divided into 4 experimental groups by age (7 days old ,15 days old ,35 days old ,16 months old) ,which respectively represented the newborn mice ,developmental mice ,mature mice and old mice .Auditory brainstem response (ABR) ,laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) ,immune-fluroscence histochemistry and qRT - PCR were used in this study .Results For the 15 days old ,35 days old ,16 months old groups ,ABR average threshold was 18 .67 ± 1 .21 dB nHL ,13 .83 ± 1 .47 dB nHL ,37 .83 ± 7 .68 dB nHL ,respectively ,for the 7 days old groups no responses were observed .The AP-2 im‐munoreactivity was found in all the stages of mice cochlea inner hair cell (IHC) cytoplasm ,especially in IHC basal part ,nearby the ribbon synapse .For the 7 days old ,15 days old ,35 days old ,16 months old groups ,immune-flu‐roscence histochemistry IMV(intensity mean value)were 190 .91 ± 17 .27 ,494 .06 ± 27 .63 ,838 .41 ± 38 .23 ,682 .65 ± 72 .22 ,respectively .For the 7 days old ,15 days old ,35 days old ,16 months old groups ,mRNA RQ(relative quantity)were 0 .53 ± 0 .09 ,1 .03 ± 0 .02 ,1 .00 ± 0 .09 ,1 .03 ± 0 .06 ,respectively .Developmental mice expressed significantly higher than those of the newborn in the AP -2 protein expression level which was measured by immuno -fluores‐cence histochemistry and qRT PCR(P<0 .01) .There was no significant difference between old and mature mice in the AP-2 protein expression level measured by qRT PCR (P> 0 .05) ,but mature mice had significant advantages by immuno-fluorescence histochemistry .Conclusion AP-2 protein expression level may closely related to the au‐ditory formation and maintenance because its expression gradually increases with age in mice .

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of nano-SiO2 on spatial learning and memory.

METHODSTwenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (C group), low dose group (L group) and high dose group (H group). The rats were intragastrically administrated with nanometer particles at 25 and 100 mg/kg body weight every day for 4 weeks. After exposure, the ability of learning and memory of rats was tested by Morris water maze, and electrophysiological brain stereotactic method was used to test long-tear potentiation (LTP) in dentate gyrus (DG) of the rats.

RESULTSThe increase rate of body weight in H group was reduced significantly compared with C group ( P < 0.05). In the space exploration experiment of Morris water maze test, the escape latency of H group was longer than that of C group (P < 0.05). The rats of H group spent less time in finding the target quadrant (P < 0.05) . The rate of LP induction of H group was significantly lower than that of C group (P < 0.05). After high fre quency stimulation (HFS), The changes of amplitude of population spike (PS) of L group and H group were lower than those of C group significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNano-SiO₂may result in impairment of spatial learning and memory ability by reducing the rate of LTP induction and the increase of PS in hippocampus.

Animals ; Dentate Gyrus ; drug effects ; Long-Term Potentiation ; drug effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Nanoparticles ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Silicon Dioxide ; adverse effects ; Spatial Learning ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of fasting and postpiandial triglyceride with carotid intima-media thickness among type 2 diabetic patients in southeast China.

METHODSA total of 78 type 2 diabetic patients from southeast China were recruited. All the subjects underwent a standardized mixed-meal test (SMMT) and an oral glucose tolerance test. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by color doppler ultrasound examination.

RESULTSPostprandial triglyceride (PTG) after SMMT increased significantly in type 2 diabetic patients. The carotid IMT in patients with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was significantly greater than that in patients with postprandial normal-triglyceridemia (0.90 mm vs 0.81 mm, P < 0.05), which remained significant after adjustment for fasting TG and HDL-c levels, and the IMT in patients with fasting hypertriglyceridemia only had tendency to increase compared to patients with fasting normal-triglyceridemia (0.87 mm vs 0.84 mm, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may be an independent risk factor of early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.

Carotid Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; diagnostic imaging ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Tunica Intima ; diagnostic imaging ; Tunica Media ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography

Peptide drugs exhibit an irreplaceable role in clinics due to their high specificity, efficiency and low toxicity. At present, more than 80 peptide drugs have been approved for marketing with global sales exceeding $50 billion in 2019. However, with large molecular weights, high hydrophilicity and instability in digestive tract, oral peptide drugs encounter substantial physiological barriers leading to low oral bioavailability. Therefore, peptide drugs are mostly administered by parenteral routes. Although parenteral delivery of peptide drugs achieves high bioavailability, this is associated with inconvenience and discomfort, even causing severe side effects compared with the oral route possessing a high degree of patient compliance. Therefore, numerous studies concentrate on novel strategies to improve the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs. Some delivery technologies such as Eligen™ and Axcess™ have been successfully applied to the oral dosage form of therapeutic peptides and have accelerated relevant oral formulations for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and clinical treatment. In this review, we focus on the oral peptide delivery, mainly summarizing the progress of recent strategies used to overcome oral barriers and the commercialization applications of related patents, which could facilitate the research and development (R&D) of clinical applications of oral delivery techniques for peptide drugs.

Objective:To observe the changes in percentages and subsets of invariant nature kiler T (iNKT) cells in adipose and related tissues at different stages of obesity, and analyze the role of iNKT cells during chronic inflammation in adipose tissues in a mouse model of obesity established with high-fat diet.Methods:Changes in mouse body weight, mental state, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological changes in adipose tissues. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the percentages and subsets of iNKT cells as well as the percentages and subtypes of macrophages. The levels of cytokines in serum samples and the culture supernatants of lymphocytes in adipose tissues were detected with CBA. The expression of related proteins in adipose tissues was detected by Western blot.Results:(1) The volume of adipose cells increased significantly after four weeks of high-fat feeding, but the infiltration of inflammatory cells was not obvious. Significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding. (2) High-fat feeding could reduce the percentage of iNKT cells, increase the proportion of iNKT1 subgroup and decrease the proportion of iNKT10 subgroup in adipose tissues. The proportion of iNKT1 subgroup in thymus increased, but that of iNKT2 subgroup decreased. The percentage of macrophages and the proportion of M1 subgroup in adipose tissues increased, while the proportion of M2 subgroup decreased, which were more obvious after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding. (3) High-fat feeding resulted in decreased expression of E4BP4 and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in adipose tissues and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (4) High-fat feeding significantly increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum and culture supernatants of lymphocytes in adipose tissues with more significant changes observed after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding.Conclusions:Increased iNKT1 and decreased iNKT10 in obese adipose tissues might be closely related to the increased M1 polarization and the imbalance of iNKT subsets might be involved in the progression of chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissues.