AIM To study comparision of water-soluble components in Danshen from different sources. METHODS To be determined by HPLC, the eluent consisted of methanol (1 % acetic acid)-water (1 % acetic acid). A gradient method was set up. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. RESULTS The average recovery of four components were all above 97 % , RSD was no more than 2.0 % . The calibration curve was linear. CONCLUSION The method is accurate and reliable with good reproducibility.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of primary non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma (PNHL) of the pancreas. MethodThe therapeutic result of 6 cases admitted from January 1980 to March 2000 was reviewed retrospectively. ResultsThe lesion was located in the head of the pancreas in 2 cases and the body and/or tail in 4, respectively. Clinical manifestations included epigastric discomfort, loss of weight, abdominal mass and jaundice. Two cases underwent Whipple′s procedure and distal pancreatectomy respectively, the other 4 underwent laparotomy and biopsy. B cell non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma of 5 cases and T cell non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma of one were verified by pathology. One patient lost follow-up, the other 5 patients survived 58, 49, 22, 13 and 4 months respectively. Conclusion The clinical manifestation and radiological features of PNHL of the pancreas are not specific. Comprehensive therapy including surgery is beneficial to the long-term survival of patients with PNHL of the pancreas.

One of the major responsibilities for medical students is to save lives and to popularize emergency medical treatment knowledge for the masses of society.Based on research analysis,systemic training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation program including lectures,simulation education and social practice were performed for medical students.After practice activities,these students could proficiently apply the basic knowledge and skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in practical work and spread what they have learned to the public.Furthermore the program could improve students' abilities in social practice and team spirit and it is of great social significance.

Objective　To analyze the survival status and influencing factors among HIV/AIDS transmitted through homosexual contact from 2004 to 2022 in Nan'an District, Chongqing, China. Methods　HIV infected/AIDS patients transmitted through homosexual contact in Nan'an District, Chongqing from 2004 to 2022 were selected for analysis. The survival rate was calculated using the life table method, the median survival time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival curve was plotted. The Cox regression model was performed to identify factors influencing survival. Results　A total of 3 110 subjects were included in the study, of which 1 199 individuals (38.55%) were transmitted through homosexual contact. The majority of patients were under 30 years old (694, 57.88%), unmarried (917, 76.48%), and had a higher education level of college or above (724, 60.38%), mainly belonging to the Han ethnicity (1 160, 96.75%). Students accounted for 10.43% of occupational status. The majority of patients were initially diagnosed with HIV (1 104, 92.08%), with 71.45% having a CD4+T lymphocyte count >350 cells/μL at the time of initial testing. The primary source of samples was from testing and consultation (52.88%), and the vast majority (93.16%) underwent antiviral treatment. The median survival time for patients transmitted through homosexual contact was 191.45 months, which was higher than 158.37 months of patients transmitted through other routes, demonstrating statistical significance (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that among patients transmitted through homosexual contact, those with CD4+T lymphocyte count≤200 cells/μL had a higher risk of death compared to those with CD4+ T lymphocyte count>350 cells/μL. HIV infected/AIDS patients who did not receive antiviral treatment also had a higher risk of death. Conclusions　From 2004 to 2022, the reported incidence level of HIV/AIDS in Nan'an District showed an overall upward trend, with a slight decrease influenced by respiratory infectious diseases.The risk of death for individuals infected through same-sex transmission routes had not yet been found to be significantly lower than that of other transmission routes, which may be influenced by the late diagnosis time and short follow-up time of individuals infected through same-sex transmission routes.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), musculoskeletal perfusion andmuscle mass.Methods:From May 2019 to August 2020, totally 91 patients who applied for CT perfusion (CTP) examination of abdomen (the scan range included the vertebral body of L1－L3) in Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University were retrospectively analyzed. The mean BMD of L1－L3 vertebral body was measured by quantitative CT (QCT) at the same time of CT plain scan. According to BMD, the subjects were divided into normal BMD group ( n=33), osteopenia group ( n=41) and osteoporosis (OP) group ( n=17). The L3 level perivertebral muscle mass index and fat fraction were calculated based on QCT examination. The lumbar vertebral and perivertebral muscle perfusion parameters were measured based on CTP images. The parameters of QCT and CTP among three groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test or one-way ANOVA. The correlation analysis was conducted between these parameters using Pearson or Spearman analysis. Results:The differences of the perivertebral muscle mass index and fat fraction among three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The differences of the lumbar vertebral perfusion parameters including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV) and flow extraction product (FE) among three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05), and BF, BV and FE were positively correlated with BMD ( r=0.444, 0.312 and 0.266 respectively, all P<0.05; adjusted for age and gender r=0.437, 0.340 and 0.337 respectively, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in perivertebral muscle perfusion parameters among three groups ( P>0.05). Perivertebral muscle mass index was negatively correlated with fat fraction ( r=-0.599, P<0.001; adjusted for age and gender r=-0.404, P<0.001), and there was no correlation between perivertebral muscle mass index and muscle perfusion parameters, as well as perivertebral muscle fat fraction and muscle perfusion parameters. Conclusions:With the changes of BMD, bone mass and perivertebral muscle mass at L3 level are synchronous. Decreased vertebral bone mass is accompanied with reduced perivertebral muscle mass, increased muscle fat and decreased bone perfusion. The changes of vertebral perfusion and perivertebral muscle perfusion at L3 level are asynchronous, which implies that reduced perfusion in OP patients may be confined to the bone.

Objective To study whether Hirsutella sinensis (HS) can antagonize aristolochic acid (AA) induced fibrogenesis on human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HKC). Methods HKC were incubated with medium alone, medium with HS 10 mg/L, medium with AA-Na 40 mg/L or medium with AA-Na 40 mg/L and HS 10 mg/L, respectively. After 12 h (for mRNA) or 36 h (for protein) ,cells were lysed,and the mRNA and protein expression level of transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) of HKC were measured by RT-PCR, ELISA (for TGF-?1, TIMP-1 and PAI-1) and Western blotting (for CTGF), respectively. Results The mRNA and protein expression of TGF-?1, PAI-1, CTGF and TIMP-1 were significandy up-regulated by AA-Na 40 mg/L. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of TGF-?1,.CTGF, TIMP-1 and PAI-1 was up-regulated to 1.24,1.31,1.27 and 1.36 times,respectively (P

Anterior approach refers to a method of hepatectomy which is first to resect the hepatic parenchyma and then to free the liver; hanging maneuver refers to placing a tape before the inferior vena cava for hanging the liver during hepatectomy.In October 2011,anatomical trisectionectomy was performed on a 54-year-old male patient with large hepatocellular carcinoma in the left medical lobe and right lobe with anterior approach and hanging maneuver.The diameter of the tumor was 16 cm,and was in the ⅢA/T3NOM0 stage.The indocyanine green retention at fifteen minutes was 5.4％,and the ratio of hepatic left lateral lobe volume over the standard total liver volume was 44％.The left bile duct was slightly dilated because of the compress of the tumor.The operation started with the isolation and dissection of the inflow vessels,including the right hepatic artery,the right portal vein,the middle hepatic artery,the portal vein branches of left internal lobe.The hepatic parenchyma transection was performed along the fight side of the falciform ligament.A tape was passed between the anterior surface of inferior vena cava and liver,and the liver was suspended during the transection.The left bile duct was cut at the right side of round ligament,and then the middle hepatic vein and the right hepatic vein were resected.The ligaments around the liver were dissected and the right hepatic lobe was removed.Finally,the end-toend anastomosis between the left hepatic duct and the common hepatic duct was performed.The operation lasted for 4 hours and the intra-operative blood loss was 350 mL.The patient was recovered well.At the end of 4 months after surgery,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed that the anastomosis of the bile duct was unobstructed,and there was no recurrence of tumor inside the liver.

Background Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a primary treatment for cataract.However,tear film stability and ocular surface structure are affected after surgery,especially some cataract patients with diabetes.Researches determined that tear film dysfunction is an important causative factor of dry eye.Objective This study was to investigate the change of tear film after phacoemulsification in cataract patient with diabetes.Methods A non-randomized cases-controlled study was designed.Thirty-six cataract patients with diabetes (54 eyes)and matched 32 patients (40 eyes)with age-related cataract were included in this study in Tianjin First Center Hospital from October,2010 to May,2011.Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was performed on the all patients with the same topical eyedrops in both groups.Dry eye-related symptom was surveyed and scored by questionnaire,and tear film break-up time (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test(S Ⅰ t)and corneal fluorescein(FL) were examined 3 days before operation and 1 day,1 week,1month,3 months after operation.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before entering this trial.Results The percentage with preoperative symptoms of dry eye was 36.2％ and postoperative dry eye symptoms accounted for 75.8％.Significant differences were seen in dry eye symptom score,FL score,BUT value and S Ⅰ t value between the diabetic cataract group and only cataract group as well as among 4 time points(dry eye symptom score:Fgroup =139.347,P =0.000 ; Ftime =342.741,P =0.000 ; FL score: Fgroup =14.073,P =0.000 ; Ftime =332.697,P =0.000 ; BUT value: Fgroup =28.198,P =0.000 ; Ftime =868.364,P =0.000 ; S Ⅰ t value: Fgroup =2.848,P =0.095 ; Ftime =564.017,P=0.000).FL scores of 2 groups were significantly higher in postoperation than those in preoperation (P＜0.05),and those of diabetic cataract group were significantly higher than only cataract group(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between postoperation 3 months and preoperation (P＞0.05).BUT was shorter in postoperation than that in preoperation in the diabetic cataract group(P＜0.05).S Ⅰ t values in postoperative 1 day and 1 week were significantly lower than in preoperation in both groups(P＜0.05).However,S Ⅰ t values returned to normal from 1 month through 3 months in both groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Tear film dysfunction occurs after operationin cataract patient with type 2 diabetes.It is thought that cataract patient with diabetes is susceptible population of dry eye.Dry eye appears more early and severer in diabetes patients after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation.

Objective:To study the mechanism of the effectiveness loss of methotrexate(MTX)in the treatment of rheumatoid arthri-tis.Methods:The culture system of rat whole bone marrow cells(WBMCs)and tartrateresistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining were utilized to evaluate osteoclastogenesis.The mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis factors in the WBMCs culture system was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Deoxyadenosine(dAdo)decreased MTX-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis.The recov-ery effect of dAdo on MTX was partially prevented by caffeine.MTX significantly reduced mRNA expression of receptor activator of nu-clear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL),dAdo partially recovered RANKL mRNA expression and inhibited osteoprotegerin(OPG)expres-sion.Conclusion:The accumulation of dAdo may induce the effectiveness loss of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.Com-bination of MTX and caffeine can be a potential therapeutic strategy.

Data mining, as known as knowledge discovery in databases, is a non-trivial process of revealing the implied, previously unknown and potentially useful information from the massive data. In recently years, the applications of data mining in the field of pharmaceutical research of traditional Chinese medicine have widespread. Especially in the field of the heritage of experiences of na-tional medical masters, data mining plays an important role. In this study, we would expound of the use of methods of data mining in the heritage of experiences of national medical masters, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages, such as association rules, Bayesian networks, neural networks, and decision trees.
Data Mining ; Databases, Pharmaceutical ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neural Networks (Computer)