Calmodulin,as an important signaling regulatory protein,widely exists in eukaryotic cells and participates in a variety of physiological activities.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical neurodegenerative diseasemostly affecting the old people.Senile plaques (SP) caused by amyloid protein deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NTF) caused by over-phosphorylation of Tau protein in the brain are the two major neuropathological hallmarks of AD.Neuronal apoptosis induced by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis also plays a significant role during this pathological process.Recent studies have found that calcium and its downstream receptor,calmodulin,are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progress of Alzheimer's disease.This article reviews the current development and the latest research progress on the effects of calmodulin on β-amyloid protein generation and deposition,neurofibrillary tangle formation,synaptic plasticity in AD around the world,comprehensively discusses the role of calmodulin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Random clustering was conducted among a total of 1068 residents aged 18 years or older at a certain Shanghai community.And they completed a questionnaire survey.Logistic data processing and model building were performed.The respondents were willing to go to a community health center for the following reasons:close proximity (88.4％),excellent service attitudes (40.4％) and low drug prices (37.8％).No statistically significant differences existed in terms of first choices of community health service,occupation,monthly income and-walking distance (P ＞ 0.05).However,statistically significant differences existed in education level,age and chronic diseases (P ＜ 0.05).

Animals ; Calpain ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; Organophosphate Poisoning

Objective To study the demographics and background of attempted suicide individuals,such as age,gender,mode of suicide,seasonality,etc.so as to improve prevention strategy.Methods By sequential sampling analysis,there were data of 895 survivors from committed suicide taken from 907 attempted suicide individuals recorded in an emergency room of a local hospital between 2002 and 2008 for retrospectively study.Results The sample was composed of 191 males and 704 females with a male to female ratio of 1∶3.69.The adolescents and young adults aged 15-34 years accounted for the vast majority of attempted suicide individuals with the peak at the age of 24 years.The number of committed suicide remarkably reduced after the age of 47 years.The major mode of committed suicide was ingestion of poisons.The incidence of committed suicide declined significantly from 2002 to 2005,and then increased between 2005 and 2008.It was more often occurred in the seasons of Spring and Summer. Conclusions Age,gender,and seasonality are associated with attempted suicide in china,and these risk faetors should be the focuses of suicide prevention in China.Additionally,control of pesticides and psychological intervention should be the parts of the work to prevent suicide in the this cohort of special individuals with propensity of committed suicide.

BACKGROUND: Akt gene plays an important role in cell survival, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Although mechanism of Akt gene still remains unclear, it, a major element of survival signal, has aroused much attention in the domain of molecular biological research. OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression vector pDC316-Akt1 for Aktl gene and to observe the expression in 293 cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational study was performed at Molecular Biological Laboratory of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA between September and December 2006. MATERIALS: pCD316 plasmid was provided by Benyuan Zhengyang Company; DH5α and 293 cells were reserved in our laboratory. METHODS: Aktl DNA segment was cloned from total RNA of hepatic tissue using RT-PCR and inserted into eukaryotic expressing vector pDC316 between EcoRI and Hind Ⅲ sites after sequencing. And then, 293 cells were transfected with the recombinant by liposome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Aktl gene content in transfected 293 cells using Westem blotting. RESULTS: Sequencing test indicated that Aktl amino acid sequence was in accordance with wild Aktl sequence. Akt-pDC316 was transcripted in 293 cells, and Akt1 protein with relative molecular weight of 55 000 was highly expressed in 293 cells when assayed using Western blotting. CONCLUSION: Eukaryotic expression vector for Aktl gene highly expresses in 293 cells.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary susceptibility is an important role in episode and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Aggregation of monocyte in kidney tissue, differentiation to histocyte and reinforcement of signal are possibly closed to episode and development of DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) is a chemokine of C-C subtribe. It can mediate infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and cause injuries of renal corpuscle and renal mesenchymal. This may be a key mechanism of episode and development of DM. Thus, RANTES gene may be one of the susceptible gene of DN. OBJECTIVE :To investigate correlation between RANTES gene promoter -28C/G polymorphism and DN in type 2 DM in Chinese. DESIGN: Case-contrast study. SETTING: Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College; Center of Diabetes Mellitus of Guizhou Province. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 143 patients with type 2 DM were recruited from the Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College and Department of Endocrine,Guizhou People's Hospital from September 2003 to September 2005. Among them, 53 cases had normoalbuminuria, 54 microalbuminuria and 36 macroalbuminuria. Another 55 healthy subjects who were selected from Center of Health Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College were regarded as control group. METHODS: 3-5 mL peripheral venous blood was collected from all subjects. RANTES gene promoter -28C/G genotype was detected with polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Allele frequency and genotypic frequency of RANTES gene promoter -28C/G; ② risk factor of DN was analyzed with Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: All 198 subjects were involved in the final analysis. ① Comparison of CG genotypic frequency of -28C/G: There was no significant difference between normal control group and DM group (P＞ 0.05); however, that in microalbuminuria group and macroalbuminuria group was higher than that in normoalbuminuria group (24.1％, 47.2％, 9.4％, P ＜ 0.05), and that in macroalbuminuria group was also higher than that in microalbuminuria group (P ＜ 0.05). ② Frequency of G allele of -28C/G: There was no significant difference between normal control group and DM group (P ＞ 0.05); however, that in micro albuminuria group and macrealbuminuria group was higher than that in microalbuminuria group (12.0％, 23.6％, 4.7％, P ＜ 0.05), and that in macroalbuminuria group was also higher than that in microalbuminuria group (P＜ 0.05). ③ Logistic regression analysis showed that positive genotype of -28G was related to DN (95％ Cl:1.402-15.032, P =0.012). CONCLUSION: Positive genotype of RANTES gene promoter-28G may be related to DN.

Objective:To improve the method for isolating platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Methods:Whole blood was collected from 8 healthy donors and then PRP was separated by both the tube method and the syringe method respectively. Samples were activated to get serum rich-in growth factors (SRGF).Platelets in the SRGF were counted and the level of TGF-?1 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:The end product of syringe method has both a higher platelet count in PRP (P=0.003) and a higher level of TGF-?1 in SRGF(P=0.041) than that of tube method.Conclusion:The syringe method is an effective method in preparation of PRP.

Objective To study nuclear factor E-2 related factor 2(NrF-2) and heme oxygenase -1(Ho-1) expression and to explore its clinical significance.Methods From February 2016 to June 2016, 176 cases human gastric tissue paraffin blocks selected in department of pathology in Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, including 78 cases of gastric cancer, 78 cases of normal tissue were analyzed.And the expressions of NrF-2 and Ho-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in two groups of human gastric tissue.Results The levels of NrF-2 and Ho-1 in gastric cancer group were(0.752 ± 0.098),(0.862 ±0.081) were significantly higher than those in normal group(0.381 ±0.068),(0.412 ±0.083);NrF-2, the positive expression rate of Ho-1 in gastric wall invasion degree of T3 +T4 with lymph node metastasis, NTM stage III and IV gastric cancer tissues were significantly increased.The differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion NrF-2 and Ho-1 play the important role in the development of gastric cancer and NrF-2, the positive expression rate of Ho-1 in the gastric carcinoma and gastric wall invasion, lymph node metastasis and NTM staging are closely related.The clinical diagnosis if the combined detection of NrF-2 and Ho-1, is conducive to the early diagnosis of gastric cancer and the prognosis of the disease.

Objective To investigate the status of internet addiction among adolescent students of Tianjin and analyze its related factors.Methods Stratification cluster random sampling method was used in this questionnaire survey among nine schools of Tianjin.The data was analyzed by logistic regression with SPSS11.5.Results The results showed that the Family harmony(OR=0.433),good personal education achievement(0.645),and sports participation(0.705) were the protective factors,while the Family member accident(OR=1.735) was the risk factor for IAD in adolescent students.Good Family economic conditions(OR=0.793),Family harmony(0.778),good personal education achievement(0.787),and sports participation(0.750) were the protective factors,while subsidization(OR=1.404) and family member accident(1.244) were the risk factors for IAT in adolescent students.Conclusion Family has close relationship with the formation of adolescents' IAD.Besides,personal education achievement and sports participation also have good influence on the formation of IAD.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between Internet addiction disorder(IAD),Internet addiction tendency(IAT) and behavior type A of young students aged ≥16 years in urban districts,Tianjin.Based on the result,the intervention resolution suggestion was put forward.Methods 4 484students(male2 331,female2 153) anonymously completed the Questionnaire on Situation of Internet Using of Students compiled for this study and the Questionnaire on types of Northern Chinese adult's Behavior.All data was recorded with the evaluating system for adolescent Internet addiction.Result There are 306(6.82%) cases of IAD and 600(13.83%) of IAT among the students.The screened positive rate in boys was 9.87% for IAD and 15.66% for IAT,which significantly higher than those in girls(3.53%,10.92%).The rates in students with behavior type A and type M were the same but significantly higher than that in students with behavior type B.After weighing cases by power on learning stage and sex,the results showed the prevalent rates of IAD and IAT in students with behavior type A and type sub-A were significantly higher than those in students with behavior type M,type sub-B and type B.After weighing cases by power only on learning stage,the positive rates of IAD were higher in students with behavior type A(8.87% in high school students,11.11% in college students) than those in students with type M(7.77%,7.81%) and type B(4.35%,4.44%).Conclusions The results show a significant relationship between IA and behavior type A in students.It should be strengthened to take psychological intervention for young students,especially for students with high risk of IA and IAT in senior high schools.