Child ; China ; Diarrhea ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli ; isolation & purification

Baculoviral IAP(inhibitor of apoptosis protein) gene was identified firstly in IAP gene family.The structurcal feature of baculoviral IAP genes are characterized BIR and RING domain;Despite similar to P35 in antiapoptotic function,baculovrial IAP and P35 differ in structure and mechnism of action.Phylogenetic analysis of IAP genes and lots of evidence sppport the origin of this viral gene by capture of a host gene early in the evolution of Lepidoptera.

To study the effect of Gegen Qinlian decoction and its major effective components on five hepatic microsomal CYP450 isozymes in rats. The in vitro hepatic microsomal incubation technique was used to co-culture Gegen Qinlian decoction and its major effective components together with each probe substrate. HPLC-MS/MS was used to establish the analytical method for metabolites of the five isoform probe substrates of CYP450 isozymes, detect the linearity among micoromal protein concentration, incubation time and metabolite formation amount. And HPLC-MS/MS was applied to determine the formation rate (V) of corresponding metabolites (acetaminophen, 4-OH-chlorzoxazone, dextrophan, 6-OH-chlorzoxazone and 6β-hydroxytestosterone) specific probe substrates of the five isoform probe substrates of CYP450 isozymes (phenacetin, polbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, testosterone), in order to determine the activity of each isozyme. The result showed good linearity among acetaminophen, 4-OH-tolbutamide, dextrophan, 6-OH-chlorzoxazone and 6β-hydroxytestosterone, satisfactory precision, stability and average recovery, suggesting the method was feasible. The optimized in vitro microsomal incubation conditions conformed to the requirements in the guideline of drug-drug interaction. Gegen Qinlian decoction showed different degrees of inhibitor effect on 5 CYP450 isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D2, CYP2E1, CYP3A1/2). Its major effective component berberine could inhibit each CYP450 isoform at high concentrations (except for CYP1A2, CYP3A1/2).
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Isoenzymes ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Liver ; enzymology ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

In recent years, more and more research shows that the pharmacokinetic parameter of traditional Chinese medicine can be affected by the disease states. It's possible that drug metabolic enzymes, transporters, cell membrane permeability and the change of microbes group could be interfered with physiological and pathological changes, which enables the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine in the body to be altered, including the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters of traditional chinese medicine are altered. It's found that investigating the pharmacokinetic of traditional Chinese medicine in the pathological state is more useful than that of in normal state because the great part of traditional Chinese medicine is mainly used to treat disease. This article reflects the latest research on the pharmacokinetic of traditional Chinese medicine in the disease state such as diabete, cerebral ischemia, liver injury, inflammatory disease, nervous system disorders and fever in order to provide certain reference for clinicians designing reasonable administration dose.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy

Objective To compare prospectively the features and effects of combined operation(splenorenal shunt plus portal-azygous devascularization) and portal-azygous devascularization only(PCDV)on portal(hypertension)(PH).Methods We summarized 360 cases of PH admitted from 1984 to 2004.All patients were randomly divided into two groups,one was combined operative group(250 patients) and the other was PCDV group(110 patients).The therapeutic effects and changes of portal hemodynamics were studied with doppler flowmeter(DCFI),free portal pressure(FPP) and digital subtraction angiography(DSA) pre-and post-operatively,and were measured directly during the course of the procedure.Results(1)Postoperative bleeding:Of all the patients who underwent combined operation,no case of rebleeding occurred in the short period after operation,and the rebleeding rate was 8.0% in the long period of follow-up.In the patients who underwent PCDV,the rebleeding rate was 5.5% in the short period after operation,and 17.6% at long-term follow up(P0.05).(3)There was a significant decrease in the diameter of portal vein,and FPP postoperatively in the combined operation group compared to PCDV group.There was a significant decreases of PVF in the PCDV group.But the decrease of PVF in the two groups had no significant difference.Conclusions The combined procedure has merits of greater decrease of FPP,and alleviation of the condition of hyperdynamic blood flow in the portal vein.The clinical effect is also better than that of portal-azygous devascularization only.

Objective To investigate the general health status and nutritional knowledge of medical and support staff under 45 at three general hospital so as to provide theoretic basis and implementation suggestion for future health care. Methods Their knowledge of nutrition was compared by a questionnaire;body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and abnormal physical examination results were investigated and analyzed;correlation of nutritional knowledge and health status was analyzed. Results Both groups had a better understanding of nutrition;the mean score of medical staff was higher than that of support staff, and the difference was statistically significant ( 7.9 ± 0.2 vs 6.6 ± 0.3;t = 2. 18, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Except for abnormal electrocardiogram, the abnormal proportion of other indicators in medical staff was lower than that in support staff on the nutritional status assessment and examination results, and the difference was statistically significant( P ＜0. 05 or P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions Good nutrition knowledge helps to improve physical fitness;hospitals should strengthen the health education to optimize staff' lifestyle. Support staff shall strengthen their health awareness.

Neurogranin, a neuron-specific postsynaptic protein, has been considered to play an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal restraint stress on neurogranin expression in rat offspring hippocampus. Pregnant rats were given a restraint stress (3 times a day for 7 d, 45 min each time) at the late stage of gestation except that in the control group. The offspring rats were divided into four groups: female control group, male control group, female stress group and male stress group. Expression of neurogranin was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that neurogranin-positive immunostaining was detected in all areas of the hippocampus. The staining density was stronger in the CA1 and CA3 regions than that in the dentate gyrus (DG) region. Western blot assay showed that neurogranin protein level in female and male prenatal stressed offspring was significantly lower than that in the controls (P<0.01). Neurogranin level was significantly lower in the female stress group than that in the male stress group, whereas there was no significant gender difference in the control group. Immunohistochemical data further confirmed these results. The present study provides evidence that prenatal restraint stress induces gender-dependent decrease in neurogranin expression in the offspring hippocampus. The prenatal restraint stress-induced decrease in neurogranin expression in the hippocampus might be associated with the deficit in spatial learning and memory reported previously.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Hippocampus ; chemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurogranin ; analysis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Psychological ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) gene mutations in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and analyze the correlation between the genotype and phenotype.

METHODSNinety-five unrelated Chinese patients with HCM and 120 control individuals were screened for TNNT2 gene mutations. Seven exons (8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, and 16) in the functional regions of TNNT2 gene were amplified using PCR and the products were sequenced. The patients with positive results underwent further family screening.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONThis study did not find any HCM-caused mutations in TNNT2 gene, a result different from the reported rates of TNNT2 gene mutation ranging from 10% to 20% in other nations, suggesting that TNNT2 gene is not a susceptible gene for HCM in Chinese population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Mutation ; Troponin T ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression level of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in children with recurrent wheezing under three years of age and its effect on the expression of the serum orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) gene. METHODS: Thirty-six children with recurrent wheezing under three years of age who visited the hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the recurrent wheezing group. Twenty-four healthy children from physical examination were selected as the control group. The CREB expression level in peripheral blood was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were cultured, and dual-luciferase reporter assay and quantitative real-time PCR were used to investigate the effects of overexpression and siRNA interference of CREB on the promoter activity and mRNA expression of the ORMDL3 gene in the BEAS-2B cells. RESULTS: The expression level of CREB in the recurrent wheezing group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.001). In BEAS-2B cells, overexpression of CREB significantly up-regulated the promoter activity and mRNA expression of the ORMDL3 gene (P<0.05), while siRNA interference of CREB significantly reduced the promoter activity and mRNA expression of the ORMDL3 gene (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of CREB is increased in children with recurrent wheezing, and CREB may be involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent wheezing by regulating expression of the ORMDL3 gene.
Child, Preschool ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Respiratory Sounds

BACKGROUNDMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in a caspase independent form of programmed cell death called autophagy. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of rapamycin and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) on autophagy, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell-cycle parameters of rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).

METHODSMononuclear cells isolated from rat bone marrow were treated with rapamycin (0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg/L) or 3-MA (1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mmol/L) for 24 hours. Expression of the autophagy marker protein LC3-II was analyzed by Western blotting. Apoptosis and cell-cycle progression were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was measured using the MTT assay.

RESULTSRapamycin treatment of EPCs induced apoptosis and autophagy and inhibited proliferation and cell-cycle progression in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 5 mmol/L 3-MA promoted cell proliferation; in contrast, treatment with 10 mmol/L 3-MA promoted apoptosis and induced S-phase arrest.

CONCLUSIONSRapamycin treatment of EPCs induced apoptosis and autophagy. Low concentrations of 3-MA had no significant effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of EPCs; The 5 mmol/L group promoted cell proliferation, but had no effect on the apoptosis; the 10 mmol/L group inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis through the cell cycle.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Rats ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology