AIM To investigate the effect of fenofibrate and simvastatin on the serum free fatty acids of alcoholic fatty liver in rats. METHODS The rat model of alcoholic fatty liver was reproduced by chronic ethanol ingestion plus olive oil diet. The model rats were divided into three groups as follows: finofibrate treatment group(finofibrate 80 mg?kg -1 po, once a day),simvastatin treatment group (simvastatin 4 mg?kg -1 po, once a day)and control group without either above-mentioned treatment. Experimental rats were treated for four weeks and then sacrificed for blood sampling. Serum free fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS Fenofibrate significantly ameliorated the decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids induced by ethanol [oleic acid:(38.212?7.788) ?g?L -1 vs (31.620?6.142) ?g?L -1,linoleic acid:(37.269?8.065) ?g?L -1 vs (30.254?9.063) ?g?L -1,arachidonic acid:(11.646?2.601) ?g?L -1 vs (9.012?1.236) ?g?L -1] accompanied by the improvement of the fat infiltration of the liver, but demonstrated no effect on the increase in serum saturated fatty acids by ethanol. In the contrast, simvastatin can aggravate the decrease in polyunsatrurated fatty acids and significantly increase the levels of satrurated fatty acids in serum induced by ethanol along with the pathological aggravation of alcoholic fatty liver. CONCLUSION The results of present study revealed that fenofibrate and simvastatin exerted different effect on the serum free fatty acids of alcoholic fatty liver. Polyunsatrurated fatty acids in the serum play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment response of alcoholic fatty liver.

To control the quality of Humulus scandens, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the method recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition) , the water and ash inspections were carried out. The component luteoloside and cosmosiin in Humulus scandens were identified and assayed by TLC and HPLC. The results showed a strong characteristics microscopic of Humulus scandens, and trichoromethane-methanol-formic acid (10: 3: 0. 3) as the mobile phase of TLC, the spots at 365 nm with a UV lamp was clear. The 16 batches of samples were analyzed by HPLC with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and phosphate solution (0.2%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL · min(-1) and detected at 350 nm. The content of luteoloside was 0.015%- 0.651% (average 0.148%); the content of cosmosiin was 0.003%-0.118% (average 0.036%). The linear calibration curve of luteoloside and cosmosiin was acquired in the ranges of 0.011-0.364 g · L(-1) (r = 1.000 0) and 0.003-0.096 g · L(-1) (r = 1.000 0), respectively. The average recovery was 100.5% and 98.5%, respectively. The methods are convenient and reliable, which can be ap- plied for quality assessment of Humulus scandens.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Humulus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in erectile dysfunction (ED) induced by androgen deficiency.

METHODSWe randomly divided 30 eight-week-old healthy male SD rats into six groups: 2-week control (A), 4-week control (B), 2-week castration (C), 4-week castration (D), 2-week castration + androgen replacement (E), and 4-week castration + androgen replacement (F), those in groups E and F subcutaneously injected with testosterone propionate (TP) at the physiological dose of 3 mg/kg per day after castration, while those in the other groups with isodose oil instead. At 2 and 4 weeks after operation, we determined the level of serum testosterone (T) , intracavernous pressure (ICP) , mean carotid arterial pressure (MAP) of the rats, measured the concentration of H2S in the plasma and corpus cavernosum tissue, and detected the expressions of cystathionine-P3-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

RESULTSThe serum T level was significantly lower in group C ([0.63 +/- 0.15] nmol/L) than in A ( [ 16.55 +/- 4.17] nmol/L) and E ( [ 18.99 +/- 4.62] nmol/L) (P <0.05), as well as in group D ([0.70 +/-0.22] nmol/L) than in B ([15.44 +/-5.18] nmol/L) and F ([20.99 +/-6.41] nmol/L) (P <0. 05) , and so were ICP/MAP after 5 and 7 V electrical stimulation of the pelvic ganglia (P <0. 05) , H2 S concentration (P <0.05), and the expressions of CBS and CSE (P <0.05). The expressions of CBS and CSE proteins were also significantly decreased in group C as compared with D (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe reduced expressions of CBS and CSE may inhibit the H2 S signaling pathway, which might be one of the mechanisms underlying androgen deficiency-induced ED in rats.

Androgens ; deficiency ; Animals ; Cystathionine beta-Synthase ; metabolism ; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase ; metabolism ; Erectile Dysfunction ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Penis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy of microarray digital PCR system in detecting JAK2 V617F mutation, which was closely related to myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).Methods All of the 31 MPN patients with JAK2 V617F mutation, including 18 cases of polycythemia vera(PVs),11 primary thrombocythemias (ETs) and 2 primary myelofibrosis (PMFs), were collected from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University during 2014 -2015, while 10 normal controls and 6 cases with abnormal increased hemoglobin were involved.Human erythroleukemia cell line ( HEL ) and colorectal cancer cell SW480 were used as the mutant and the wild type control, respectively.The sensitivity of microarray digital PCR were verified by detecting the gradient diluted mutation standard harboring 30%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%and 0.01%mutant allele burden, respectively .Repeatability was evaluated by detecting 1%and 10% mutated samples for 5 times, respectively.MGB probe real time PCR was selected as the reference method to verify the accuracy of the digital PCR.Results With digital PCR, the accurate quantitation of JAK2 V617F mutation was achieved down to 0.1%, which is approximate to 0.16 copies per microliter.The results obtained from the two kinds of technique showed a high correlation by linear regression analysis (R2 =0.998 3).The results of repeated samples showed CVs as 17.18% for 1%mutant allele burden and 7.50%for 10%.Among all cases, the 31 patients known mutated were detected as positive and 10 controls as negative by both digital PCR and Real time PCR.In another 6 cases, 2 were found JAK2 V617F mutation of low allele burdens of 0.37% and 0.18% by digital PCR but detected as negative by real time PCR.Conclusions Microarray digital PCR offers a higher sensitivity and better repeatability than real time PCR which could help detect rare JAK2 V617F mutations in MPNs accurately.

OBJECTIVETo compare the treatment results between radical surgery and late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (LCAHFR) for patients with resectable esophageal cancer in the chest.

METHODSFrom June 1998 to September 2002, 269 patients with resectable esophageal cancer in the chest were randomized into two groups: 135 in surgery group and 134 in radiotherapy. The surgery group received esophagectomy including resection of the lesion and 5 cm margin at both ends from the lesion as well as surrounding lymph nodes > or = 5 mm and fatty tissue. In the radiotherapy group: irradiation field for the lesion in the upper esophageal cancer included the gross lesion, bilateral supraclavicular nodes and 4 cm of normal esophagus from lower margin of the gross disease; for the esophageal cancer at the middle segment, it included the gross disease with 4 cm normal esophagus from both ends of the lesion; for the lesion in the lower esophageal cancer, it included 4 cm of normal esophagus and the gross lesion as well as the draining gastric lymph nodes. The width of the irradiation field was 5-6 cm. The 90% isodose volume was covered by the entire CTV with 3-5 beams, in a conventionally fractionated RT at 1.8-2.0 Gy/d for the first two thirds of treatment course to a dose of about 50-50.4 Gy followed by LCAHFR using reduced fields (2 cm extended margin at both ends of the lesion) , twice daily at 1.5 Gy per fraction ( with aminimal interval of 6 h between fractions) to a dose of 18-21 Gy. The total dose whole radiotherapy was 68.4-71.0 Gy.

RESULTSThe 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rate was 93.3%, 61.5% and 36.9% in the surgery group versus 88.6%, 56.2% and 34.7% in the radiotherapy group without statistical difference between the two groups. The 1-, 3- and 5-year progression free survival rate was 75.9%, 43.7% and 23.1% in the surgery group and 73.3%, 39.7% and 20.6%, respectively, in the radiotherapy group without statistical difference between the two groups either.

CONCLUSIONThe results treated by late course accelerated hyperfractionated conformal radiotherapy alone may be comparable to that by radical surgery for patient with resectable esophageal cancer in the chest.

Dose Fractionation ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; methods

Objective To explore the protective effects and its mecha-nism of stachydrine on focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice . Methods The focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model in mice was established by thread method.KM mice were randomly divided into 6 groups(n＝16):sham operation group , model group, control group, ex-perimental-L, experimental -M, experimental -H groups, mice in each group were given related drugs via intragastric administration before the operation, once a day, lasting for 7 d.Reperime 22 h, the levels of Caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-lymphoma-2 gene-related X protein (Bax) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enzyme activity in each group was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay .Results The relative expression of Bax in model group,control group, experimental -L, experimental -M, experimental -H groups were (4.00 ±0.51 ), (2.84 ±0.48),(2.87 ±0.41),(2.92 ±0.46),(3.12 ±0.59)ng· mL-1,respectively; the relative expression of Caspase-3 in the 5 groups were(13.43 ±0.87),(9.95 ±1.57),(10.02 ±1.55),(10.58 ±1.48),(10.79 ±1.69) pmol· L-1,respectively; the relative expression of Bcl -2 in the 5 groups were (11.94 ±1.40 ),(16.14 ±1.33 ), (15.89 ±1.45),(15.31 ±1.20),(14.78 ±1.17)ng· mL-1,respectively;compared with the model group, the rela-tive expressions of Bax and Caspase -3 in control group, three doses experimental groups markedly reduced while the relative expression of Bcl-2 in the 4 groups markedly increased significantly (all P<0.01).The Na +-K+-ATP en-zyme activity in the model group ,control group, experimental -L, experimental -M, experimental -H groups were (2.82 ±0.56),(4.84 ±1.61),(4.81 ±1.48),(4.50 ±1.22),(4.13 ±1.17)μmolPi· mg -1· h -1,respectively;and Mg2+-ATP enzyme activity in the 5 groups were (2.55 ±0.56), ( 5.25 ±1.86 ), ( 5.15 ±2.37 ), (4.62 ±1.89 ) ,(4.13 ±1.54 ) μmolPi· mg-1· h-1, respectively; comparison between 4 drugs groups and model group,the differences of the factors were significant ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) .Conclusion Stachydrine can markedly reduce the lesion of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in mice , and its mechanism may be related to improve energy metabolism disorder , inhibit neuronal apoptosis and improve the microcirculation of the brain .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the fat decreasing effects of fenofibrate on alcoholic fatty liver and drug-induced fatty liver in rats.

METHODSAlcoholic fatty liver and drug-induced fatty liver rats models were established. The two kinds of rats with fatty liver were seperatedly divided into fenofibrate treatment group (80 mg/kg daily) and control group without treatment. Rats were killed after four weeks, then the levels of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) both in serum and liver tissue were measured according to the Test Kits. Histopathological changes in liver was dyed with HE and observed under light microscope.

RESULTSAfter treatment by fenofibrate, in the serum of rats with alcoholic fatty liver, the level of TG decreased significantly (1.07 mmol/L 0.06 mmol/L vs 1.56 mmol/L 0.29 mmol/L, t=5.115, p<0.001), while the level of TC had no alteration. The levels of MDA both in serum and liver tissue decreased (1.10 nmol/L 0.22 nmol/L vs 1.26 nmol/L 0.21 nmol/L, t=0.592, p<0.05; 5.92 nmol/g 1.24 nmol/g vs 7.42 nmol/g 1.22 nmol/g, t=3.477, p<0.05, respectively), while the levels of HL, LPL in serum and liver tissue increased significantly (Serum: 0.053muEq/ml/h 0.006muEq/ml/h vs 0.037 muEq/ml/h 0.006muEq/ml/h, t=-5.086, p<0.001; 0.018 muEq/ml/h 0.004 muEq/ml/h vs 0.014muEq/ml/h 0.004muEq/ml/h, t=-2.485, p<0.05. Liver tissue: 0.075muEq/ml/h 0.010muEq/ml/h vs 0.065muEq/ml/h 0.007muEq/ml/h, t=-2.437, p<0.05; 0.022 muEq/ml/h 0.014 muEq/ml/h vs 0.008 muEq/ml/h 0.002 muEq/ml/h, t=-2.876, p<0.05). Fat content in liver decreased (26.01 mg/g 1.69 mg/g vs 71.45 mg/g 2.66 mg/g, t=-43.224, p<0.001). The pathological changes of liver in fenofibrate-treated rats with alcoholic fatty liver were improved. For the drug-induced fatty liver rats, fenofibrate treatment group had no difference from the untreated control group.

CONCLUSIONFenofibrate can significantly decrease the fat content in liver tissue of rats with alcoholic fatty liver, as well as ameliorating liver pathological changes. But fenofibrate has no effect on drug-induced fatty liver.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Fatty Liver ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Fenofibrate ; therapeutic use ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Lipids ; blood ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the behaviors of the children suffered from the secondary deformity after the repair of the cleft lip.

METHODSWith the application of the PCPI, eighty patients with the secondary deformity after the repair of the cleft lip were selected in this study and 134 normal children was used for the control.

RESULTSIn the age between 6 and 11 years, there were no significant difference of the behaviors between the children suffered from secondary deformity of cleft lip and the normal children,but in the age from 12 to 16, the children with the deformity showed more behavior problems with the social withdraw and the poor social relationships, compared with the normal children.

CONCLUSIONThe children with the secondary deformity after cleft lip repair in adolescence could have the tendency to suffer from the behavior problems, especially showing the social withdraw and the poor social relationships.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; Behavior ; physiology ; Child ; Child Behavior ; psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; psychology ; Social Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the protective effects ofYindan Xinnaotong (YDXNT) on neural cell apoptosis in the hippocampus CA1 regions of rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion and discuss the molecule mechanism of YDXNT treatment in cerebral ischemia.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group,positive control group (nimodipine treatment group) and YDXNT treatment group.Prctreatment by continuous intragastric administration for 7 days were given to the rats in the nimodipine treatment group and YDXNT treatment group,while rats in the sham-operated group and model group daily were fed with isovolumic distilled water.Middle cerebral artery models were established by a modified Longa occlusion method in the eighth day.Positive cell population in the hippocampus CA1 region of rats with ischemia 2 h and reperfusion 24 h was marked by TUNEL,and the caspase-3 expression was measured by immunohistochemical method.Results As compared with that in the control group,the number of apoptosis and Caspase-3-positive cells was significantly increased (P＜0.05),decreased number of apoptosis and Caspase-3-positive cells in the YDXNT treatment group and nimodipine treatment group was noted as compared with that in the vihicle group (P＜0.05); however,no difference of them between the nimodipine treatment group and YDXNT treatment group was noted (P＞0.05).Conclusion YDXNT has some protective effect on rats with brain ischemia reperfusion injury,by reducing cell population of apoptosis,whose effect may be related to the reduced expression of Caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) biological behavior such as proliferation,migration and collagen-Ⅰ expression.Methods Human healthy gingival tissues were cultured according to the explant technique to obtain primary cultures.PRF was prepared by means of Choukroun' s.HGF were co-cultured with PRF membrane originating from the same donor as the explants,divided into three groups,PRF1 group,PRF2 group and blank control group.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used for cytotoxicity and cell proliferation study,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for collagen-Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ) secretion study at the 1st,3rd,5th day respectively.Eluates from PRF membrane was prepared,and divided into three groups,PRF1 group,PRF2 group and blank control group.Transwell chamber was utilized to determine the effect of PRF membrane eluate on cell migration.Results The A values of HGF in culture of the PRF1 (0.615 ±0.036,0.686 ± 0.006,0.693 ± 0.004) and PRF2 groups (0.653 ± 0.023,0.766 ± 0.034,0.775 ± 0.053)were significantly higher than those of the control cultures(0.514 ± 0.020,0.544 ± 0.006,0.545 ± 0.009)(P ＜0.01),but the difference between PRF1 and PRF2 group was not significant(P ＞ 0.05).In each group at different time points,the HGF proliferation effect was significantly enhanced with time (P＜ 0.01).Cell migration test showed that the migration numbers of HGF in PRF1 and PRF2 groups (85.67 ± 2.94,85.83 ± 1.47)were significantly higher than those of the control group (54.17 ± 2.48) (P ＜0.01),but the difference between the two experimental groups was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).COL-Ⅰsecretion test exhibited that the A values of COL-Ⅰ in PRF1 (0.184 ± 0.004,0.200 ± 0.004,0.204 ±0.009) and PRF2 group (0.213 ± 0.008,0.226 ± 0.005,0.229 ± 0.006) were significantly higher than the A values of the control group (0.174 ± 0.002,0.184 ± 0.002,0.186 ± 0.003) (P ＜ 0.01),but the difference between the two experimental groups was not significant(P ＞ 0.05).In each group,the secretion level of COL-Ⅰ increased significantly with time (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions PRF could exert a positive effect on HGF biological behaviour and had clinical application potential in the treatment of gingival recession and in the periodontal tissue engineering when combined with seed cell HGF.