OBJECTIVE:To analyze the current status of counterfeit in China and indicate the difficultie of identification.METHODS:The main characteristics of counterfeit drugs were discussed by representative cases.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:It is suggested that the department of the drug administrave should establish a more scientific,reasonable standardization procedure of conterfeit drugs identification aiming directly at the characteristics of counterfeit drugs,which was more sufficient,intensive and practicable legal evidence for defining,fighting and preventing counterfeit drugs.

0.05).The mRNA and protein expressions of survivin in cells transfected by 100-200nmol/L siRNA were significantly lower than those of untransfected cells(P0.05).Conclusion Silencing survivin gene by the RNAi technique can decrease effectively the expressions of survivin gene and protein,suppress significantly the growth and proliferation of A549 cells,and induce apoptosis of A549 cells.The inhibitory effect of RNAi is characterized by its specificity,high efficiency and durability.This may lay an experimental foundation for further study of gene therapy in lung cancer.

Objective To assess the effects of survivin-specific siRNA on chemosensitivity of lung cancer cell A549 to paclitaxel in vitro.Methods For determining if survivin-specific siRNA could enhance the responsiveness of lung cancer to paclitaxel,human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549(p53 wild-type)were divided into four different treatment groups:control,survivin siRNA,paclitaxel and survivin siRNA+paclitaxel.The effects on cell proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry,respectively.The protein expression levels of survivin,p21 and PARP were evaluated by Western blot experiments.Results Survivin-specific siRNA showed a augmenting effect on the chemosensitivity of different concentrations of paclitaxel(P

BACKGROUND: Autophagy of osteocytes has been found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head and closely related to apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of autophagy in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head by studying the interaction between cell autophagy and cell apoptosis as well as osteocytes.METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed, Embase and CNKI databases was performed for relevant literatures published from October 1996 to October 2016 with the keywords of steroid, necrosis of the femoral head, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy, osteocyte in Chinese and English, respectively. The articles concerning steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head and cell autophagy were collected, and the redundant and old researches or Meta analysis were removed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mammalian target of rapamycin, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, bone morphogenetic proteins, fork box protein and transcription gene family and transcription factor 4 are closely related to autophagy. The interaction between autophagy and osteocytes is correlated with steroid dose: the autophagy shows protective factor under the low dose corticosteroids; however, with the increase of the dosage, a large number of apoptotic cells, and the phenomenon of bone loss can been observed. Furthermore, the relationship of cell autophagy with apoptosis and bone mass maintenance is still controversial, which needs to be explored in depth via a series of rational experiments.

Objective To investigate the relationship between coexisting depression and anxiety (CDA)and quality of life of female nurses in general hospitals.Methods Seven hundred and ninety-three female nurses completed Zung' s Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS),Zung' s Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the World Health Organization' s Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF).According to the cut-off scores of SDS and SAS,all subjects were divided into 4 groups (non-depression and non-anxiety,pure depression,pure anxiety,and CDA).Group differences in SDS,SAS and WHOQOL-BREF scores were compared.Results Of these 4 groups,CDA group had the highest SDS and SAS scores (P ＜ 0.001) (SDS scores:(34.3 ±5.4),(47.1 ±4.0),(39.4 ± 2.4) and (49.7 ±4.2)) and the lowest WHOQOL-BREF scores (P≤0.033)(WHOQOL-BREF physical domain scores:(15.6 ± 2.0),(13.8 ± 2.0),(13.6 ± 1.6) and (12.1 ± 2.0)).The corresponding stratification analysis (controlling for confounding factors) showed consistent results.Conclusion CDA nurses have the most severe depressive and anxious symptoms and the worst quality of life,and thus are the key target population of mental health service.

Background and purpose:Reasonable proportion with blood less than half of the surgical system, cancer patients during surgery prone to acute massive blood loss, this study aimed to investigate blood transfusion in the patients who diagnosed with cancer during operation in the Afifliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, and in order to improve the intraoperative blood transfusion and make it more scientiifc and more reasonable.Methods:The patients who were taken selective operations and heterogenous blood transfusions in the Afifliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Oct. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were enrolled, and the clinical data were retrospectively surveyed and investigated.The intraoperative use of blood components and reasonableness in each department were analyzed.Results:The medical records of 299 blood transfusion receipts proportions of reasonable transfusion of RBC from department of gastrointestinal surgery, gynecology, orthopedics, hepatobiliary surgery, neurosurgery, urological surgery and thoracic surgery were 88.9%, 91.8%, 94.3%, 96.3%, 91.6%, 100%, 81.3%,respectively. And the proportions of reasonable transfusion of plasma were 86.2%, 71.8%, 96.4%, 78.4%, 100%, 100%, 87.5%, respectively. The proportions of low-volume blood transfusion and the combined transfusion of RBC and plasma were 62.5% and 43.2% in unreasonable blood transfusion.Conclusion:Except for the unreasonableness in very few departments, the intraoperative blood component transfusion is carried on fairly well. The medical staff still should be further trained in the appropriate use of blood and strengthened the knowledge on blood transfusion.

Objective To compare the roles of inflammatory response in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by blunt chest trauma verus by blunt chest trauma-hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (double hits) in rats.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 240-280 g,were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),blunt chest trauma group (T group),and blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation group (THSR group).Lung contusion was induced in anesthetized rats by dropping a 300 g weight onto a precordial protective shield to direct the impact force away from the heart and toward the lungs.Blood was withdrawn via the left femoral artery 5 min later until MAP was decreased to 35-45 mmHg within 15 min and maintained at this level for 60 min,followed by resuscitation.At 6 h after the model was established,the arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis and detection of serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-1β and IL-10 (by ELISA).The rats were then sacrificed and pulmonary specimens were obtained for determination of contents of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and IL-10 in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.Results Compared with group S,PaO2 was significantly decreased,and the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and IL-10 in serum and lung tissues were increased in T and THSR groups.Compared with group T,PaO2 was significantly decreased,and the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and IL-10 in serum and lung tissues were increased in group THSR.The histopathological damage to lung tissues was aggravated in THSR group as compared with T group.Conclusion The role of inflammatory response in ALI induced by blunt chest trauma-hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (double hits) is significantly stronger than that in ALI induced by blunt chest trauma alone in rats.

Objective Pancreas perfusion is an essential step in human islet isolation.To develop the new methods for introductal canulation,collagenase infusion and to observe their effects on islets isolation.Methods A total of 17 pancreases were digested from March 2005 to April 2010.The pancreases were distended by three methods:the standard method (n =3),the one-cannula method (n =11) and three-cannula method (n =3).In the standard group,the pancreases were completely cut into half at the mid-body.Two catheters were inserted into the main duct:one directed toward the tail and the other to the head.In the one-cannula method group,a long tube was inserted into the duct at the head,advancing to the tail In the three-cannula method group,pancreatic parenchyma was then minimally cut at the mid-body and three catheters were inserted into the main pancreatic duct:one at the head (the first catheter) and two at the mid-body,one toward the tail (the second catheter) and the other toward the head (the third catheter).The pancreases were digested by improved Ricordi technique.Ficoll continuous density/grads centrifuge method was performed to purify the islets.DTZ staining was adopted to identify islets and count islet equivalent (IEQ). AO/EB fluorescence examination was used to count active islet percentage.Static glucose stimulating test (SGS) in vitro was designed to estimate islet function and calculate SI.Results The distension volume of the threecannula method group was 1.24 rnl/g pancreas,and higher than the other groups (for the standard group:0.71 ml/g pancreas; for one-cannula method group:0.96 ml/g pancreas,P＜0.05).The yield of islet in the three-cannula method group and the one-cannula method group was 2514 and 2270 IEQ/g,which was significantly more than that in the standard group (1914 IEQ/g pancreas,P＜0.05).The purity and viability of the islets were 74 ％/79.3 ％,75.6 ％/79.4 ％ and 78.3 ％/84.0 ％ respectively in the three groups with the difference being not significant among the groups.SI in the one cannula method group (4.74) and the three-cannula method group (5.27) was significantly higher than that in the standard group (3.46).ConclusionThe three-cannula method improved collagenase infusion and the islet yields.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on occurrence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: Sixty elderly patients, aged 65-78 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective radical mastectomy, were allocated into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and RIPC group.Three cycles of 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion induced by a blood pressure cuff placed on the upper arm of the right upper arm served as RIPC treatment at 5 min after induction of anesthesia in RIPC group.The blood pressure cuff was only placed on the upper arm of the right upper arm without inflation and deflation in group C. Jugular bulb venous blood samples were obtained at 10 min before anesthesia induction (T₀) and 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the end of operation (T_1-5) for determination of S-100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations in serum.The occurrence of delirium within 72 h after operation was estimated using Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit.The occurrence of hypotension, sinus bradycardia and reintubation was recorded.The Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) was used to evaluate the early postoperative quality of recovery at 1 and 2 days after operation. Results: Compared with group C, the concentrations of S-100β protein and NSE in serum and incidence of delirium within 72 h after operation were significantly decreased at T₁-T₅, and the Quality of Recovery-15 scores were increased at 1 and 2 days after operation in group RIPC (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of delirium or incidence of hypotension, sinus bradycardia and reintubation between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion RIPC can decrease the development of postoperative delirium and is helpful for the early postoperative recovery of elderly patients undergoing radical mastectomy.

Objective To evaluate balloon angioplasty and stenting of the hepatic veins for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome with long segmental inferior vena cava (IVC).Methods The hepatic veins were evaluated by colour Doppler,CT or MR.Epidiaphragmatic inferior vena cavography was performed to locate the stenused opening of the hepatic veins,in case of membrane occlusion of the hepatic veins,a puncture was attempted with Rups100 needle and then balloon dilation of the hepatic veins and stents implantation was carried out.Results In 40 cases of long segmental inferior vena cava ( IVC ) occlusive Budd-Chiari syndrome,membranous obstruction of the hepatic veins was found in 5 cases and short-segmental occlusion in 24 cases.28 cases were successfully treated with balloon dilation and stents implantation,including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) of hepatic vein in 5 cases,and stent implantation in 23 cases,puncture procedure was failed in 1 case.Postoperative follow-up was made in 26 cases from 6 to 62 months ( mean,24.0 ± 1.3 months ).Symptoms recurred in 6 cases.Hepatic vein restenosis or occlusion were observed using color Doppler ultrasound in 6 cases.Conclusions Most lesions in hepatic veins were membranous obstruction or short-segmental occlusion among patients with long-segmental occlusion of IVC.Balloon angioplasty and stenting of hepatic veins for long segmental IVC occlusive Budd-Chiari syndrome through jugular vein can relieve hepatic venous obstruction and relieve portal hypertension.