The article analyzed the impact of cultural differences factors and non-cultural factors on cross-cultural adaptation of Pakistani medical students from the following aspects:daily habits,language,religion,values,China's laws and regulations,service mode of social life,curriculum setting,universities' management mode,adolescent growth factors,learning methods and learning ability,higher education and primary education teaching methods,difference between traditional and modern Chinese.Some recommendations were given from several aspects,such as enrollment,management,policy formulation and adolescent education.

Objective To validate analytical performance of electrochemiluminescent immunoassay ?-HCG and explore a suitable validation mode on electrochemiluminescent immunoassay system of Elecsys 2010 under the guidance of evidence-based laboratory medicine.Methods The analytical performance of the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA)system of Elecsys 2010 including precision,analytical sensitivity,linear range,accuracy and reference range was validated by detecting the specimens of different concentrations.The results were analysed by statistical package for social science 10.0.Results Imprecision studies yielded with-run CV of 0.43%-2.12% and between-day CV of 1.07%-3.73%;CV for total imprecision were 1.81%-4.90%.Recovery after dilution of high-concentration samples in assay diluent were within the rang of 94%-110%.Analytical sensitivity was

Objective Retrospective analysis of clinical features, treatment results and prognostic factors in 19 patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Methods Diagnostic and treatment data of 19 patients with ALCL from Jan 2003 to Feb 2007 were analyzed. Results Among the sample group, 18 patients (94.74 %) shows B-symptoms, extranodal involvement is present in 14 patients (73.7 %), clinical misdiagnosis rate reaches 84.2 %. The overall response rate to chemotherapy is 100 %, complete remission rate after 6 courses chemotherapy were 95 %, the probabilities of event free survival at 1 and 2 years were both 88.2 %, relapse occurred in one case. Conclusion In the studied group, majority of ALCL patients have B-symptom. Extranodal involvement is present earlier, and clinical misdiagnosis rate is high. While it' s found that ALCL is sensitive to chemotherapy and tend to get good prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Motion artifacts and magnetic susceptibility artifacts have serious impacts on magnetic resonance (MR) image quality. Periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (Propeller) technique, collecting data spirally using radial blades by filling pattern, greatly reduce or eliminate these artifacts.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical application of MR Propeller technique in eliminating the artifacts of brain images.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparative observation was performed at Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from July 2006 to April 2007.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one cases showed dysphoria or unable to control oneself in the routine cranial MRI examination, and 5 presented artifacts because of magnetic-susceptibility.METHODS: Twenty-one cases, who had dysphoria and could not control themselves in routine cranial MRI examination, underwent Propeller T2 weighted imaging (WI), and the images were compared with routine T2 fast-recovery fast spin echo sequence; 5 cases, who had artifacts because of magnetic-susceptibility, received Propeller diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and the images were compared with routine DWI.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes of motion artifacts and magnetic susceptibility artifacts resulted from Propeller technique.RESULTS: The artifacts caused by motion in 21 cases were significantly reduced or eliminated by Propeller T2WI scanning, and those caused by magnetic susceptibility in the other 5 cases were also significantly eliminated by Propeller DWI. Satisfactory MR images were obtained.CONCLUSION: Propeller T2WI or DWI technique can obviously reduce or eliminate the artifacts caused by motion or magnetic-susceptibility, and can significantly improve the image quality for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To explore the curative effect of oral cancer radical surgery plus free anterolateral thigh flap repair and analyze the influence factors of skin flap necrosis.Methods The data of 98 patients who underwent oral cancer radical surgery with concurrent free anterolateral thigh flap repair in our hospital from January 2010 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The complete survival rate of skin flaps and incidence of complications in all patients were statistically analyzed.The age,diabetes,infection in implanted skin flap area,smoking and mental status,etc.of patients with survived or necrotic skin flaps were compared between patients with survival flaps and patients with flap necrosis,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed.Results Among the 98 cases,86 cases of flaps survived completely and the survival rate was 87.8%.Fifteen cases with the skin flap necrosis,the incidence of complications was 15.3%,including 7 cases of surgi-cal site infection and 5 cases of skin flap necrosis with massive hemorrhage.The donor site incisions of all patients were primary healing and the patients were satisfied with the postoperative appearance.Among the patients with flap necrosis,the incidence rates of ≥60 years old,with diabetes,infection in flap implanted area,smoking and poor mental state (41.7%,41.7%,58.3%,75.0%,83.3%)were higher than those corresponding proportions in the patients with with survival flaps(P <0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,diabe-tes,infection in implanted skin flap area,smoking and poor mental status were the influencing factors for flap necrosis.Conclusion Oral cancer radical surgery with concurrent free anterolateral thigh flap repair has good curative effects.The age,combined with diabetes,smoking,infec-tion in flap implanted area and poor mental state are the risk factors for flap necrosis in patients with oral cancer after flap repair,which should be given intervention to improve the survival rate of skin flap in clinic.

Objective To investigate the impact of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on cognitive function and the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) after splenectomy in aged rats.Methods Eighty-four male aged Sprague-Dawley rats, 18 months old, weighing 500-600 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=21 each) by random number table method: control group (group C), surgery group (group S) ethyl pyruvate group (group E) and solution without EP group (group R).Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate cognitive function 5 days before surgery and 1, 3, 7 days after surgery.Group E was injected with EP 40 mg/kg intrapertoneally after splenectomy, group S and group C were injected with equivalent normal saline after splenectomy, group R was injected with equivalent solution without EP.Rats were killed after Morris water maze test, and the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE protein and mRNA in hippocampus were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR methods.Results Compared with group C, the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged in groups S, E and R 1 and 3 days after surgery, as well as the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE in hippocampus were significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05).Compared with group S, the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly decreased and the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE were down-regulated in group E 1 and 3 days after surgery (P＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative group, the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged in groups S, E and R 1 and 3 days after surgery (P＜0.05).Conclusion EP may improve cognitive function in aged rats by down regulating the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE in the hippocampus.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of two kinds of internal fixation of locking plate and anatomical plate in the treatment of Pilon fracture.Methods 64 patients with Pilon fracture undergoing elective surgery were randomly divided into study group and control group by digital table method,32 cases in each group.The study group received locking plate internal fixation for the treatment,the control group was treated with anatomical plate internal fixation.The clinical efficacy and safety of two kinds of internal fixation methods were compared.Results After treatment,the excellent rate of ankle joint function in the study group(96.88%)was significantly higher than that in the control group (81.25%),and the difference had statistical ssignificance (χ2 =4.01,P <0.05 ).The operative time,hospitalization time and fracture healing time[(57.32 ±10.98)min,(13.72 ±591 )d,(15.72 ± 2.82)weeks]in the study group were shorter than those in the control group[(68.11 ±11.85 )min,(16.62 ± 5.21)d,(17.81 ±3.42)weeks],and the differences had statistical significance(t =3.98,3.11,321,all P <0.05). The amount of bleeding (153.32 ±21.36)mL in the study group was less than that in the control group [(188.65 ± 26.24)mL](t =5.46,P <0.05).The incidence rate of delayed fracture healing of the study group (3.13%)was significantly lower than that in the control group(28.13%),the difference had statistical significance(χ2 =7.59,P <0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of other complications between the two groups(χ2 =1.95,102,102,0.35,all P >0.05).Conclusion Locking plate fixation in the treatment of Pilon fractures could significantly promote the recovery of joint function,and has the advantages of short operation time,fast fracture healing,less complications and other advantages,it is better than anatomical plate internal fixation.

Amygdala ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the value of Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (~(18)F-FDG-PET)in staging and detecting residual disease during follow-up of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. Methods The results of~(18)F-FDG-PET of 88 podiatric NHL before and after chemotherapy was analyzed respectively.The results were compared with CT scans simultaneously.Results 67 cases were performed for initial staging.Of the 1072 anatomy regions were analyzed by PET and CT with concordalice of 88.62%regions(positive in 11.10%and negative in 77.52%1.Disconcordance were found in 11.38%regions(PET positive but CT negative in 6.8 1%,PET negative but CT positive in 4.57%).PET was significantly better than CT scan in the staging of podiatric NHL.35 scans were performed in the follow-up.The true residual disease positive rate of PET and CT were 87.50%and 57.14% respectively.The false positive rate of PET and CT were 12.50%and 50.00%respectively.Conclusion ~ (18)SF-FDG-PET imaging is of great value for the staging of the pediatric patients with NHL It's a useful technique to identify the residual disease,avoid unnecessary treatment and biopsy and Can predict eady relapse.

CDISC standard has become a set of global data standards that can be used in clinical study, covering the full life cycle of clinical researches. After nearly 20 years of development and continuous version upgrades, CDISC standard can improve the quality and efficiency of clinical research and drug review, and to facilitate all stakeholders involved in researches to exchange the study data and communicate the outcomes. CDISC standard has been or is to be adopted as standard format in data submission by multiple regulatory authorities, and more widely implemented by the global pharmaceutical community. CDISC standard is gradually adopted in China. The feasibility and roadmap of CDISC standard as the Chinese data submission format requirements are undergoing exploration and piloting further.
Biomedical Research ; standards ; China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Data Collection ; standards