Recent evidence has shown that neurogenesis occurs throughout adulthood, and neural stem cells reside in the adult central nervous system (CNS) in mammals. Experimental stroke in adult mammals increases neurogenesis from neural stem cells or progenitor cells located in the dentate subgranular zone and the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricle. New neurons can migrate to the areas of damage regions and express morphological markers characteristic of died neurons. These findings bring hope for self-repair after brain injury. The author of this paper reviewed the adult neurogenesis and its regulation in vivo, and described evidence for stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuronal replacement in the adult, and discussed the future research directions about neurogenesis after stroke and other brain injuries.

Objective To examine the expressions of AQP1 and VEGF in human hepatitis B associated hepatocellular c arcinoma and to investigate its relationship with the occurrence and development of hepatocellularcarcinoma. Methods AQP1 and VEGF expressionsin the cancer tissues and AQP1 and VEGF levels in the serum were detected in 62 cases of hepatocellula carcinomaby immunohistochemistry and ELISA , respectively. Results The expressions of AQP1 and VEGF in the liver cancers were significantly higher than in the normal tissues (P<0.01). The higher expression was related to pathologic type,degrees of differentiation and lymph node metastasis, but not related to sex, age and TNM stages. In the serum of liver cancer, the concentrations of AQP1 and VEGF were significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusion High expressions of AQP1 and VEGF in the patients with liver cancer may be correlated to the occurrence and development of liver cancer. Plasma levels ofAQP1 and VEGF may be more meaningful for the evaluation of clinical prognosis.

Aim To investigate the role of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP),ATP sensitive potassium channel(KATP)and spinal nerve in the protective effect of intrathecal morphine preconditioning against myocardial postischemia injury in rats.Methods Rats were established intrathecal catheter placement and myocardial ischemia reperfusion models were randomly assigned to 10 groups:control group(CON);intravenous dimethylsulfoxide group(DMSO);intravenous CGRP8-37 group(CGRP8-37,a selective CGRP receptor antagonist,3 nmol?kg~-1);intravenous glibenclamide group(GLI,a non-selective KATP channel inhibitor,0.3 mg?kg~-1);intrathecal 10 ?l of 1% lidocaine group(LID);intrathecal 3?1 ?g?kg~-1 morphine preconditioning group(MPC);intravenous 3 nmol?kg~-1 CGRP8-37+MPC group(CGRP8-37+MPC);intravenous 0.3 mg?kg~-1 GLI+MPC group(GLI+MPC);intravenous 0.3 mg?kg~-1 GLI+LID group(GLI+LID).Indicators to be observed were MAP,HR and RPP(MAP?HR),the volume of area at risk(AAR)and infarct size(IS),and the area of myocardial infarction,which was demonstrated by IS/AAR.Results Compared to CON group,the volume of IS and IS/AAR was reduced in MPC,LID,LID+MPC and GLI+LID group(P

Acute leukemia marks the main type of non-solid cancer in children.Studies have proved that long non-coding RNA plays important roles in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies and can be applied as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and efficacy monitoring of leukemia patients.This article briefly reviews the roles of long non-coding RNA in the tumorigenesis and progression of childhood acute leukemia.

To study the chemical constituents of the branches of Tamarix rasissima, repeated silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and recrystallization were applied for chemical constituents isolation and purification. Ten phenolic compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction and their structures were elucidated by physical properties and spectra analysis such as UV, ESI-MS and NMR as monodecarboxyellagic acid (1), ellagic acid (2), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-alpha-D-arabinfuranoside (5), ferulic acid (6), isoferulic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), 4-O-acetyl-caffeic acid (9), and 4-methyl-1, 2-benzenediol (10). All compounds except for isoferulic acid were isolated firstly from this plant except for isoferulic acid, and compounds 5, 9 and 10 were obtained from Tamarix genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tamaricaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of oleanolic acid and its derivative di-hydrooleanolic acid in rats in vivo. METHODS:12 SD rats were randomly divided into oleanolic acid administration group and di-hydrooleanolic acid administration group,6 in each group. All rats were intragastrically given related medicine(50 mg/kg),then in-travenously injected related medicine(2 mg/kg)in tail vein after 1 week. Sample blood 0.3 mL was taken from tail vein before ad-ministration and after administration(0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,3,5,7,9,12 h for ig;0.05,0.15,0.25,0.5,0.75,1, 2,3,5,7,9,12 h for iv). UPLC-QTOF was conducted to determine the plasma concentration,and DAS 2.0 pharmacokinetic software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability. RESULTS:After ig and iv oleanolic acid, the AUC0-∞ were(232.10±7.17),(1203.99±19.65)ng·h/mL,t1/2 were(1.75±0.10),(1.41±0.04)h respectively;after ig,cmax was (121.3 ± 18.92) ng/mL,tmax was (0.54 ± 0.10) h,absolute bioavailability was 0.77%. After ig and iv dihydrooleanolic acid, AUC0-∞ were(382.03±23.73),(386.14±10.65)ng·h/mL,t1/2 were(2.47±0.45),(1.44±0.03)h;after ig,cmax was(124.52± 12.28)ng/mL,tmax was(0.63±0.14)h,absolute bioavailability was 3.96%. CONCLUSIONS:The absolute bioavailability of di-hydrooleanolic acid is significantly higher than oleanolic acid in rats.

Abstract?AlM:To analyze of the clinical features of acute retinal pigment epitheltis ( ARPE) .?METHODS: The clinical data of 36 ARPE patients ( 40 eyes) attending this center from January 2008 to January 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Of them, 21 patients (58.3%) were male (male :female=1:0. 71). The mean age was 40. 92±7. 13 years old (range:17~60y). The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0. 50±0. 26 with a range of 0. 3 ~ 1. 0. Thirty-two patients were unilateral cases. All the patients were examined for BCVA, funds photography, fluorescein fundus angiography ( FFA ) , optical coherence tomography ( OCT) . FFA was shown as three types: type ▏ to multiple black light or grape variety fluorescent spot; Type II for l lesions visible fluorescence leakage; Type Ⅲ lesions with choroid neovascularization ( CNV ) . OCT was the following three forms: multiple RPE lesions layer reflection intermittent, proliferation ( type ▏); pigment epithelial detachment with limitations neural epithelium ( typeII);types l and ll with CNV ( type Ⅲ) .?RESULTS: Ocular fundus showed that the lesions were multiple dark-gray spots with a dark circumscribed area at the macular or nearby in all 40 eyes. FFA showed:21 eyes were type ▏, 17 eyes were type II and 2 eyes were typeⅢ, BCVA between type ▏ and type II was statistically significant (P<0. 05), the same was between type 芋. BCVA between different cases in the same type and between type II, Ⅲ, was no statistical difference ( P>0. 05). OCT showed 21 eyes wwere type ▏, 17 eyes were type II and type Ⅲ 2 eyes. BCVA average between type▏ andIIwas statistically significant (P<0. 05). The mean BCVA was no statistically significant difference between type II and Ⅲ patients (P>0. 05).?CONCLUSlON:ARPE fundus demonstrated the multiple dark gray discrete lesions, the degree of visual impairment related with the presence of pigment epithelial barrier and lesion location. OCT and FFA characterized three types. FFA is shown asblack light orgrape variety fluorescent spot, and is the basis of diagnosis. OCT can display the lesions organization form of each layer clearly. lt plays a more and more important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ARPE.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of levosimendan on patients with acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF).Methods A prospective randomized and controlled study was carried out from June 2013 to June 2014.Patients were randomly divided into levosimendan group and dobutamine group,with 60 patients in each group.All patients received an intravenous infusion of levosimendan or dobutamine for 24 hours.Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),stroke volume (SV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured.The cardiovascular mortality,rehospitalization rate,the composite endpoint differences and the incidence of adverse events were compared between two groups in 1,3,6 months after treatment.Comparisons between two groups were made using Student t-test or one-way ANOVA.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software and a P value of ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There was no significant difference in the basic characteristics between two groups.Compared with baseline level,the plasma BNP levels,SV and LVEF were improved at 24 h in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).The cardiac function indexes were better in levosimendan group than in dobutamine group at 24 h [BNP (1147±407) pg/mL vs.(1 502±501) pg/mL,SV (60.9±9.6) mL vs.(57.3±10.3) mL,LVEF (31.6±6.0)％ vs.(28.8±5.1)％,P＜0.05].One month later,the cardiac function indexes were still better in levosimendan group than baseline [BNP (796 ± 296) pg/mL vs.(1 951 ±692) pg/mL,SV (64.6±9.5) mL vs.(52.2±9.1) mL,LVEF (33.4 ±5.8)％ vs.(25.7 ± 6.1) ％,P ＜ 0.05].After l months of treatment,the composite endpoint in levosimendan group was significantly lower than dobutamine group (5％ vs.16.3％,P =0.043).There was a downward trend of mortality and rehospitalization rate in levosimendan group in six months follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of side effects was no statistically significant between groups (both were 13.3％).Conclusions Levosimendan is superior to that of dobutamine in improving the hemodynamic status and prognosis in ADHF patients,and the adverse reaction of levosimendan is less.

The study is aimed to ensure the quality and safety of medicinal plants by using ITS2 DNA barcode technology to identify Corydalis boweri, Meconopsis horridula and their close related species. The DNA of 13 herb samples including C. boweri and M. horridula from Lhasa of Tibet was extracted, ITS PCR were amplified and sequenced. Both assembled and web downloaded 71 ITS2 sequences were removed of 5. 8S and 28S. Multiple sequence alignment was completed and the intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were calculated by MEGA 5.0, while the neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed. We also predicted the ITS2 secondary structure of C. boweri, M. horridula and their close related species. The results showed that ITS2 as DNA barcode was able to identify C. boweri, M. horridula as well as well as their close related species effectively. The established based on ITS2 barcode method provides the regular and safe detection technology for identification of C. boweri, M. horridula and their close related species, adulterants and counterfeits, in order to ensure their quality control, safe medication, reasonable development and utilization.
Base Sequence ; China ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics

Objective To investigate the predictive value of plasma cystatin C (CysC) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after pereutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 660 patients with ACS admitted to cardiovascular department were enrolled in this study from January 2009 to June 2010.The enrollment criteria were:(1) the stenosis degree was above 75％ in at least one coronary artery checked by coronary angiography and successful PCI; (2) normal renal function or mild dysfunction with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ＞ 60 ml/ ( min · 1.73 m2 ).Exclusion criteria were severe liver and renal insufficiency,malignancies and valvular heart diseases.The plasma CysC levels were examined by the latex enhanced immune turbidity method within 24 hours after admission.The relevant clinical data were recorded.The patients were followed up by out-patient interview or telephone from March to June 2011 and adverse cardiovascular events were recorded.The patients were divided into four groups according to CysC level:Q1 (CysC＜1.02 mg/L),Q2 (1.02 mg/L≤＜CysC ＜1.17 mg/ L),Q3 (1.17 mg/L ≤ CysC ＜1.35 mg/L) and Q4 (CysC ≥ 1.35 mg/L).Univariate and multivariate Cox hazards regressions were established to analyze the factors related to prognosis.The proportion differences between four groups were tested by x2.The survival ratio was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Statistical significance was established at a P value of less than 0.05.Results ① A total of 606 ( 91.7％ ) patients successfully accepted follow-up.Mean follow-up time was ( 14.3 + 1.7 ) months.Of them,95 patients were subjected to adverse cardiovascular events ( 15.7％ ).②The incidences of adverse cardiovascular events in Q2,Q3,Q4 were significantly higher than those in Q1 ( P ＜ 0.001 ).The rates of mortality,nonfatal myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization in Q4 were higher than those in Q1 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The incidences of heart failure in Q3 and Q4 were higher than that in Q1 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).③Univariate analysis demonstrated that CysC,creatinine,LVEF,age,history of PCI and NYHA grade ≥3 were the risk factors of poor prognosis (P ＜ 0.05 ).④ Multivarite cox hazards regression revealed that the elevation of CysC level remained an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events.The relative risk of Q3 and Q4 were 3.930 (95％ CI 1.306-11.829,P =0.015 ) and 6.380 (95％ CI 2.171-18.751,P =0.001 ) compared with Q1.⑤　The cumulative rates of survival without adverse cardiovascular events in Q2,Q3 and Q4 decreased compared with Q1 (P ＜ 0.001 ).Conclusions High plasma CysC concentration is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ACS after PCI.