The incidence of dextrocardia is lower. The dextrocardia is often associated with congenital anatomical abnormalities. The patient with normal cardiac structure of dextrocardia and severe coronary heart disease that needs coronary artery bypasss is rarer. This article summarizes the perioperative management and surgical experience of dextrocardia with bypass surgery via a clinical case.

In recent years,it has been found that there are lymphoid follicle structures outside the lymphoid tissues and organs, which are called ectopic lymphoid tissues,also known as tertiary lymphoid tissues(TLTs).TLTs currently have been found in a number of diseases such as multiple sclerosis,diabetes,cancer,atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis and the like.Here we focus on the molecular mechanism of TLTs and the relationship between TLTs and multiple sclerosis (MS)/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease,and briefly describe the role of TLTs in the development of MS/EAE,the relevant mechanisms and research progress,make people have more understanding and insights on the formation of TLTs and the mechanism that it involved in disease,to provid theoretical knowledge for clinical treatment.

BACKGROUNDRecent studies showed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) had risk of ectopic bone formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of growth and differentiation factor 6 (GDF-6) on the tenogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro, and then combined with small intestine submucous (SIS) to promote tendon regeneration in vivo.

METHODSThe BMSCs were isolated from the green fluorescent protein (GFP) rats, and were characterized by multi-differentiation assays following our previous study protocol. BMSCs cultured with different concentrations of GDF-6, without growth factors served as control. After 2 weeks, mRNA expression and protein expression of tendon specific markers were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting to define an optimal concentration of GDF-6. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the difference in relative mRNA expression among all groups; P ≤ 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. The GDF-6 treated BMSCs combined with SIS were implanted in nude mice and SD rat acute patellar tendon injury model, the BMSCs combined with SIS served as control. After 12 and 4 weeks in nude mice and tendon injury model, the samples were collected for histology.

RESULTSAfter the BMSCs were treated with different concentration of GDF-6 for 2 weeks, the fold changes of the specific markers (Tenomodulin and Scleraxis) mRNA expression were significantly higher in GDF-6 (20 ng/ml) group (P ≤ 0.05), which was also confirmed by Western blotting result. The BMSCs became parallel in orientation after GDF-6 (20 ng/ml) treatment, but the BMSCs in control group were randomly oriented. The GDF-6 (20 ng/ml) treated BMSCs were combined with SIS, and were implanted in nude mice for 12 weeks, the histology showed neo-tendon formation. In the SD rat patellar tendon window injury model, the histology also indicated the GDF-6 (20 ng/ml) treated BMSCs combined with SIS could promote tendon regeneration.

CONCLUSIONSGDF-6 has tenogenic effect on the tenogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and GDF-6 (20 ng/ml) has better tenogenic effect compared to other concentrations. The GDF-6 (20 ng/ml) treated BMSCs combined with SIS can form neo-tendons and promote tendon regeneration.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Growth Differentiation Factor 6 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; drug effects ; Tendons ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of Shengmai Injection (SMI, ) on anti-sepsis and protective activities of intestinal mucosal barrier. METHODS: The contents of 11 active components of SMI including ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, ophioposide D, schisandrol A and schisantherin A were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Fifty mice were randomly divided into the blank, the model, the low-, medium- and high-dose SMI groups (0.375, 0.75, 1.5 mL/kg, respectively) by random number table, 10 mice in each group. In SMI group, SMI was administrated to mice daily via tail vein injection for 3 consecutive days, while the mice in the blank and model groups were given 0.1 mL of normal saline. One hour after the last SMI administration, except the blank group, the mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) saline solution (2 mL/kg) at a dosage of 5 mL/kg for development of endotoxemia mice model. The mice in the blank group were given the same volume of normal saline. Inflammatory factors including interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 were measured by flow cytometry. Myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) levels, and change of Occludin proteins in jejunum samples were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: The decreasing trends of INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 were found in serum of SMI treatment groups. In SMI-treated mice, the content of Occludin increased and MLCK protein decreased compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The content of cellular and nuclear NF-κB did not change significantly (P>0.05). CONCLUSION SMI may exert its anti-sepsis activity mainly through NF-κB-pro-inflammatory factor-MLCK-TJ cascade.
Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Occludin ; Saline Solution ; Sepsis/drug therapy* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the genetic polymorphism of InDel loci in SifalnDel 45plex system in the Han population in Jiangsu Province and the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in forensic medicine. METHODS: SifaInDel 45plex system was used for genotyping in blood samples of 398 unrelated individuals from the above two populations, and allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of the two populations were calculated respectively. Eight intercontinental populations in the gnomAD database were used as reference populations. The genetic distances between the two studied populations and eight reference populations were calculated based on the allele frequencies of 27 autosomal-InDels (A-InDels). The phylogenetic trees and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis diagrams were constructed accordingly. RESULTS: Among two studied populations, the 27 A-InDels and 16 X-InDels showed no linkage disequilibrium between each other and the allele frequency distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CDP of the 27 A-InDels in two studied populations were all higher than 0.999 999 999 9, and the CPE_trio were all less than 0.999 9. The CDP of the 16 X-InDels in Han in Jiangsu and Mongolian in Inner Mongolia female and male samples were 0.999 997 962, 0.999 998 389, and 0.999 818 940, 0.999 856 063, respectively. The CMEC_trio were all less than 0.999 9. The results of population genetics showed that the Jiangsu Han nationality, Inner Mongolia Mongolian nationality and East Asian population clustered into one branch, showing closer genetic relationship. The other 7 intercontinental populations clustered into another group. And the above 3 populations displayed distant genetic relationships with the other 7 intercontinental populations. CONCLUSIONS The InDels in the SifaInDel 45plex system have good genetic polymorphism in the two studied populations, which can be used for forensic individual identification or as an effective complement for paternity identification, and to distinguish different intercontinental populations.
Humans ; Phylogeny ; Gene Frequency ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Genetics, Population ; Asian People/genetics* ; China ; INDEL Mutation