Objective:To explore the metabolic basis and related molecular mechanism of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)path-ogenesis.Methods:20 Chinese hamsters were divided into 2 groups(n=10).OSCC models were induced by dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA)in 10 of the animals and the other 10 were used as the controls.LC-MS chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to iden-tify the metabolites in the buccal pouch,and multidimensional statistical analysis of the metabolites was performed with the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model.Variable Importance for the Projection(VIP)＞1 and P＜0.05 were used as the criteria to screen the differential metabolites between the 2 groups.KEGG pathway annotation and enrichment analysis for the metabolites were performed to screen the significantly differential pathways.Results:The hamster cheek pouches painted with 0.5％DMBA for 18 weeks were diffused with leukoplakia and loaded obvious papillary protrusions,which were diagnosed as OSCC by pathological examination.Lipids and lipid-like molecules were the main differential metabolites.Reprogramming of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis,cholesterol accumulation,enhanced catabolism of tryptophan,up-regulation of aspartate,increased synthesis of pyrimidine and purine,etc.were important metabolic features in the occurrence and development of OSCC.Conclusion:Molecular intervention targeting the related met-abolic pathways is expected to inhibit OSCC pathogenesis and progression.

Objective To determine the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)C677T,A1298C and multidrug resistance 1(ABCB1)C3435T gene polymorphisms and the adverse reactions of high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).Methods Blood samples of ALL children treated with HD-MTX chemotherapy were collected,and the polymorphic polymorphism of MTHFR C677T,A1298C and ABCB1 C3435T genes were detected by sequencing method.The adverse drug reactions after MTX chemotherapy were evaluated according to the common adverse drug reaction grading criteria.The relationship between MTHFR C677T,A1298C and ABCB1 C3435T gene polymorphisms and HD-MTX adverse drug reactions was analyzed.Results The risk of MTHFR A1298C AC+CC type hepatic injury(grade 2)was higher than AA type[odds ratio(OR)2.350,95％confidence interval(CI)=1.038-5.320,P＜0.05],no correlations were found between MTHFR A1298C and myelosuppression,mucositis,gastrointestinal reaction and acute renal impair(all P＞0.05).ABCB1 C3435T CT type hepatic injury(grade 2)was higher than TT type(OR 5.161,95％CI 1.371-19.424,P＜0.05),ABCB1 C3435T CC+CT type hepatic injury(grade 2)was higher than TT type(OR 4.231,95％CI 1.165-15.362,P＜0.05);no correlations were found between ABCB1 C3435T and myelosuppression,mucositis,gastrointestinal reaction and acute renal impair(all P＞0.05).No correlations wre found between MTHFR C677T and HD-MTX adverse drug reactions(all P＞0.05).Conclusion When treating ALL with HD-MTX,adverse drug reactions can be predicted by detecting MTHFR A1298C and ABCB1 C3435T genotypes,so as to implement more scientific individualized medication.

Objective:To study the effect of cluster nursing care based on 10S continuous quality improvement(CQI)on the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients with BPH.Methods:This study included 96 BPH patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)in our department from August 2021 to February 2023.We randomly divided the patients into two groups of equal number to receive routine postoperative nursing care(the control group)and postoperative cluster nursing care based on the 10S DQI mode(the observation group),respectively.We recorded and compared the delirium scores of the patients at 2,6,12 and 24 hours after operation,their status of recovery,scores on Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and quality of life(QOL),and incidence of complications between the two groups.Results:Compared with the controls,the pa-tients in the observation group showed significantly lower delirium scores at 2 h(12.72±3.54 vs 10.65±2.87,P＜0.05),6 h(20.17±4.92 vs 14.19±4.64,P＜0.01),12 h(16.82±4.24 vs 10.69±3.18,P＜0.01)and 24 h(13.61±2.86 vs 9.13± 2.12,P＜0.01)after operation,and shorter time to ambulation([3.65±1.41]vs[2.84±0.83]d,P＜0.01)and time of postop-erative catheterization([6.28±1.65]vs[4.28±1.14]d,P＜0.01),bladder irrigation([3.41±1.08]vs[2.25±0.71]d,P＜0.01)and hospitalization([10.33±2.41]vs[7.82±2.06]d,P＜0.01).No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in either the SAS and SDS scores(P＞0.05)or the QOL scores before operation(P＞0.05),but the former two were dramatically decreased(P＜0.01)while the latter one increased in the observation group postoperatively(P＜0.01).Post-operative complications included delirium,bladder spasm,urethral pain,and secondary bleeding,with a significantly lower total inci-dence rate in the observation than in the control group(12.50％vs 52.08％,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Cluster nursing care based on 10S CQI can promote the postoperative recovery of BPH patients,improve their psychological status and quality of life,and reduce the incidence of delirium and complications.

To explore the mechanism by which vinegar-processed Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix regulates gut microbiota and reduces intestinal toxicity, this study aimed to identify key microbial communities related to vinegar-induced detoxification and verify their functions. Using a derivatization method, the study measured the content of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) in feces before and after vinegar-processing of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix. Combined with the results of previous gut microbiota sequencing, correlation analysis was used to identify key microbial communities related to SCFAs content. Through single-bacterium transplantation experiments, the role of key microbial communities in regulating SCFAs metabolism and alleviating the intestinal toxicity of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix was clarified. Fecal extracts were then added to a co-culture system of Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells, and toxicity differences were evaluated using intestinal tight junction proteins and inflammatory factors as indicators. Additionally, the application of a SCFAs receptor blocker helped confirm the role of SCFAs in reducing intestinal toxicity during vinegar-processing of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix. The results of this study indicated that vinegar-processing of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix improved the decline in SCFAs content caused by the raw material. Correlation analysis revealed that Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, n-butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and n-valeric acid. RESULTS:: from single-bacterium transplantation experiments demonstrated that Bifidobacterium could mitigate the reduction in SCFAs content induced by raw Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, enhance the expression of tight junction proteins, and reduce intestinal inflammation. Similarly, cell experiment results confirmed that fecal extracts from Bifidobacterium-transplanted mice alleviated inflammation and increased the expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. The use of the free fatty acid receptor-2 inhibitor GLPG0974 verified that this improvement effect was related to the SCFAs pathway. This study demonstrates that Bifidobacterium is the key microbial community responsible for reducing intestinal toxicity in vinegar-processed Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix. Vinegar-processing increases the abundance of Bifidobacterium, elevates the intestinal SCFAs content, inhibits intestinal inflammation, and enhances the expression of tight junction proteins, thereby improving the intestinal toxicity of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix.
Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Acetic Acid/chemistry* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism* ; Bifidobacterium/genetics* ; Caco-2 Cells ; Intestines/microbiology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Euphorbia/toxicity* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Male ; Feces/chemistry* ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects*

A growing number of neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain structural and functional alterations in subjects with internet addiction (IA), however, with conflicting conclusions. We plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the studies of voxelbased morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), to reach a consolidated conclusion and point out the future direction in this field. A comprehensive search of rsFC and VBM studies of IA will be conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to retrieve studies published from the inception dates to August 2021. If the extracted data are feasible, activation likelihood estimation and seed-based d mapping methods will be used to meta-analyze the brain structural and functional changes in IA patients. This study will hopefully reach a consolidated conclusion on the impact of IA on human brain or point out the future direction in this field.

Objective: To explore the characteristics and correlations of vaginal flora in women with cervical lesions. Methods: A total of 132 women, including 41 women diagnosed with normal cervical (NC), 39 patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1), 37 patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2/3) and 15 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), who came from the gynecological clinic of Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University during January 2018 to June 2018, were enrolled in this study according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria strictly. The vaginal flora was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Co-occurrence network analysis was used to investigate the Spearman correlations between different genera of bacteria. Results: The dominant bacteria in NC, CIN 1 and CIN 2/3 groups were Lactobacillus [constituent ratios 79.4% (1 869 598/2 354 098), 63.6% (1 536 466/2 415 100) and 58.3% (1 342 896/2 301 536), respectively], while Peptophilus [20.4% (246 072/1 205 154) ] was the dominant bacteria in SCC group. With the aggravation of cervical lesions, the diversity of vaginal flora gradually increased (Shannon index: F=6.39, P=0.001; Simpson index: F=3.95, P=0.012). During the cervical lesion progress, the ratio of Lactobacillus gradually decreased, the ratio of other anaerobes such as Peptophilus, Sneathia, Prevotella and etc. gradually increased, and the differential bacteria (LDA score >3.5) gradually evolved from Lactobacillus to other anaerobes. The top 10 relative abundance bacteria, spearman correlation coefficient>0.4 and P<0.05 were selected. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that Prevotella, Peptophilus, Porphyrinomonas, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, Atopobium, Gardnerella and Streptococcus were positively correlated in different stages of cervical lesions, while Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with the above anaerobes. It was found that the relationship between vaginal floras in CIN 1 group was the most complex and only Peptophilus was significantly negatively correlated with Lactobacillus in SCC group. Conclusions: The increased diversity and changed correlations between vaginal floras are closely related to cervical lesions. Peptophilus is of great significance in the diagnosis, prediction and early warning of cervical carcinogenesis.
Female ; Humans ; Vagina/microbiology* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics* ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Lactobacillus/genetics* ; Papillomavirus Infections

Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， affecting the structures and functions of important organs of the body， such as the heart， brain， and kidney. At present， the prevalence of hypertension in China remains high. How to effectively curb the incidence of hypertension and reduce target organ damage in patients with hypertension is an urgent challenge that needs to be addressed. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， by virtue of its unique efficacies and advantages， is increasingly applied around the world. In TCM， "wind" is considered as a major constant factor in the development of hypertension. Some scholars believe that hypertension is located in collaterals， and the lesions of collaterals are also important reasons for the occurrence and development of hypertension. Collateral diseases and pathogenic wind are closely related to the development of hypertension as well as target organ damage in the heart， brain， and kidney. From the six-meridian syndrome differentiation for febrile diseases， "collateral" and "wind" are closely related to the Jueyin， with collateral diseases classified into Jueyin diseases and pathogenic wind beginning in the Jueyin. The occurrence， development， and persistence of hypertension are closely related to Jueyin diseases. The present study analyzed the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension from "collateral" and "wind" of the Jueyin， and specifically discussed the relationship between hypertension and "collateral" and "wind" of the Jueyin. It is believed that the internal depression of wind and fire in the Jueyin results in the upward impulse of liver fire， and the deficiency of Jueyin can trigger the internal movement of liver wind and stirring wind due to collateral deficiency. External contraction in the Jueyin due to the induction of external wind is the important pathogenesis of the development of hypertension and the damage to target organs such as the heart， brain， and kidney. The therapeutic methods for both "collateral" and "wind" were also discussed based on the primary prescription for Jueyin， Wumei Pills. Six-meridian syndrome differentiation can guide the therapeutic principles for all diseases and inspire posterity. Exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension from “collateral" and "wind" of the Jueyin is of great significance in guiding the prevention and treatment of hypertension， reducing target organ damage in patients with hypertension， and improving the prognosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

The study investigates the mechanism by which Peganum harmala L. (Luotuopeng, LTP) inhibits tube formation in retinal vascular endothelial cells. Tube formation was induced by treatment of retinal vascular endothelial cells with glucose. The cells were divided into a normal group, model group, and an LTP group. The total length of tube formation was measured. The active components, targets, and pathway by which LTP acts in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy was explored by network pharmacology. The mRNA expression levels of targets [extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), phosphoinositide 3 kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide (PIK3CA), serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (AKT1)] related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway was measured by real-time PCR. The results of tube formation indicated that compared with the normal group, the total tube length increased in the model group (P < 0.01); after the treatment with LTP, the total tube length decreased compared with the model group (P < 0.01). Network pharmacology revealed that the targets of LTP included PIK3CA, AKT1, and ERK2, and the pathways involved the MAPK signaling pathway and the VEGF signaling pathway. Real-time PCR indicated that compared with the normal group, the mRNA expression levels of ERK2, PIK3CA and AKT1 were elevated in the model group (P < 0.05); after treatment with LTP, the mRNA expression levels of ERK2, PIK3CA and AKT1 decreased compared with the model group (P < 0.05). LTP may inhibit retinal vascular endothelial cell tube formation by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway and the VEGF signaling pathway. This study confirms the multi-targets and multi-pathways of LTP and provides a basis for its use in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy．

The concepts of acupuncture-moxibustion "academic school" "school of thought" and "school" are differentiated. It is believed that "academic school" is the general term of "school of thought" and "school". This paper puts forward a solution to the confusion of related concepts, disunity of formation conditions, disunity of divisionmethods and disunity of nomenclature. It is proposed that a great concentration should be put on the arrangement of acupuncture-moxibustion academic school and the regulation on related issues. Because of the complexity and diversity of the form and content of acupuncture-moxibustion schools, the division of them should not be so specified and the unification of related issues should not be so strictly required.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Moxibustion ; Schools

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xinmailong Injection in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Seven Chinese and English databases, namely CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, were retrieved from the establishment of the database to March 2020. Randomized controlled trials for Xinmailong Injection in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction were screened out. Cochrane collaboration network bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the literature quality of the studies included, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. A total of 926 relevant literatures were retrieved, and 12 studies were finally included, involving 972 patients, including 486 patients in the treatment group and 486 patients in the control group. The quality of the literatures included was generally low. The results of Meta-analysis showed that Xinmailong Injection combined with Western medicine could decrease the levels of BNP(SMD=-5.90, 95%CI[-8.45,-3.36], P<0.000 01) and NT-proBNP(SMD=-2.28, 95%CI[-3.13,-1.43], P<0.000 01) and decrease the levels of cTnI(SMD=-2.91, 95%CI[-4.21,-1.60], P<0.000 1), increase LVEF(MD=4.67, 95%CI[4.19, 5.16], P<0.000 01), increased 6 MWT(MD=73.90, 95%CI[67.51, 80.28], P<0.000 01], decreased LVEDD(MD=-5.46, 95%CI[-9.66,-1.25], P=0.01), reduce the level of serum inflammatory factor(hs-CRP, CRP, IL-6). In terms of safety, less adverse reactions occurred in the study, with no impact on the treatment. The results showed that clinical use of Xinmailong Injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction can further alleviate clinical symptoms and relevant indexes, with less adverse reactions. However, due to the limitations in quantity and quality of the clinical studies included, the positive results can only be used as a hint and reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and more high-quality studies are needed to further confirm its efficacy.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Injections ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy*