Objective To investigate if apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3)on bladder cancer T24 cell line is related to the alteration of protein kinase C and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (PKC-cAMP)and its possible mechanism.Methods Apoptosis was studied by TUNEL method.Radio- immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay methods were used to detect the PKC-cAMP alteration in apoptotic process.The expressions and activation of caspase3 were observed by immunocytochemical method and Western blot.Results Atter 24-h drug treatment,the cell apoptosis induced by different concentrations of As_2O_3 was detected by TUNEL method.In control group,the apoptosis rate was 0.86%;PKC level was 2.55 pmol?min~(-1)??g~(-1);cAMP concentration was 22.56 pmol/ml;the expression rate of caspase3 was 8.01%.Compared with control group,the apoptosis rates of 5?mol/L and 10?mol/L As_2O_3 groups increased 8.51-fold and 13.33-fold,respectively;PKC Level decreased 59.22% and 64.71%,respectively;cAMP in- creased 5.34-fold and 4.23-fold,respectively;expression rates of caspase3 increased 3.96-fold and 6.76- fold,respectively.The differences were significant(P＜0.05).Compared with As_2O_3 groups,apoptosis rates of 5?mol/L and 10?mol/L As_2O_3+100nmol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-aectate(PMA)groups decreased 40.22% and 45.58%,respectively;PKC increased 1.00-fold and 0.76-told,respectively;cAMP decreased 8.37% and 31.46%,respectively;expression rates of caspase3 decreased 51.09% and 65.03%,respective- ly.Activation of caspase3 was detected in As_2O_3-treated groups and As_2O_3+100 nmol/L PMA-treated groups;and activations of caspase3 in PMA-treated groups were weaker than those in As_2O_3-treated groups. Conclusions The antitumor mechanism of As_2O_3 may be the induction of bladder cancer T24 cell apopto- sis by decreasing PKC and increasing cAMP level.

Objective To study the effect of specific hammerhead ribozyme (Rz) to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in vitro. Methods Rz 1 Rz 2 were designed to cleavage at 5′-NCR nucleotide positions under 136～160 and 313～337, Rz 3 was designed to cleavage at C region nucleotide position under 373～388. As a control, cleavage deficient Rzm that have A→G point mutations in the catalytic loop of the hammerhead domain. 32P-labeled transcript of target HCV RNA was incubated with gel-purified Rz ( Rz 1, Rz 2, Rz 3 and Rzm ) respectively at different concentration based on specified condition and autoradiographed after denaturing gel-electrophoresis. Results Except Rzm, Rz 1 Rz 2 Rz 3 were active at 37 ℃ and more so at higher concentration, and more so with cleavage site nearly to the HCV initial code. Conclusions The HCV specific hammerhead ribozyme can be designed in vitro, further study about cleavage in vitro and in vivo will continue.

Objective To observe the hemodynamic effects of open-loop target controlled infusion (OLTCI) and closed-loop target controlled infusion (CLTCI) of propofol and fentanyl for general anesthesia induction. Methods Twenty-four female patients with ASA grade I-II who were performed thyroidectomy were randomly allocated into two groups: OLTCI group and CLTCI group(n=12). In OLTCI group, anesthesia induction and maintenance were performed with propofol and fentanyl at the target concentrations of 3 ?g/mL and 3 ng/mL, respectively. In CLTCI group, double CLTCI were performed. Titrations of propofol and fentanyl were guided with bispectral index (BIS) and product of systolic pressure and heart rate (HR). Initiative concentrations of this closed-loop system were 3 ?g/mL and 3 ng/mL, step-up or step-down concentrations were 0.5 ?g/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, and the highest concentrations were 6 ?g/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR variability, BIS value and the dosages of propofol and fentanyl in various time of the two groups were recorded. Results One min after intubation and simulative incision stimulation, BIS value of both groups were increased, but the BIS value in CLTCI group was less increased than OLTCI group(P

Background The novel dynamic biomechanical device Corvis ST can measure a variety of corneal deformation parameters and record the dynamic process of cornea deformation.Understanding various corneal deformation parameters is of important clinical significance for morphological and functional prediction for myopic eyes in corneal refractive surgery.However,the range and meaning of corneal deformation parameters in myopic eyes are still unknown.Objective This study was to establish the range of corneal defamation parameters by Corvis ST and explore its clinical significance in myopic eyes.Methods A descriptive study was designed under the approval of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital and informed consent of patients.This study protocol complied with Helsinki Declaration.Four hundred and seventy-seven eyes of 257 myopic patients who were going to receive corneal refractive surgery were included in Tianjin Eye Hospital from June 2014 to January 2015.The corneal deformation parameters including the first applanation time (1st A-time),first applanation lengh (1 st A-length),first applanation velocity (1 st A-velocity),second applanation time (2nd A-time),second applanation length (2nd A-length),second applanation velocity (2nd A-velocity),highest concavity time (HC-time),highest concavity deformation amplitude (HC-DA),highest concavity peak distance (HC-PD),highest concavity radius (HC-R),non-contact intraocular pressure (IOPnct) and the central corneal thickness (CCTst) were measured by Corvis ST.Corneal structural parameters including CCT and corneal curvature were measured by 3-D anterior segment analysis system (Pentacam),and corneal biomechanical parameters including corneal resistance factor (CRF),corneal hysteresis (CH),intraocular pressure mimic Goldmann (IOPg) and intraocular pressure of corneal compensation (IOPcc) were measured by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).The distributions of the data were tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.The correlations of the variables were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the changes of 1st A-time,2nd A-time and HC-DA with corneal morphology and biomechanical parameters.Resnlts Only 1st A-time,2ndA-time,HC-time,HC-DA,CCTst and IOPnct showed the normality distribution in corneal deformation parameters.The positive correlations were found between 1st A-time,1st A-length,2nd A-length,2nd A-velocity,HC-R with CCT (r=0.338,rs=0.129,rs=0.282,rs =0.374,r=0.306,all at P＜0.01),while 1st A-velocity,2nd A-time,HC-D and HC-PD showed the negative correlations with CCT (rs =-0.235,r=-0.130,r=-0.259,r=-0.226,all at P＜0.01).CRF and CH showed positive correlations with 1st A-time,2nd A-length,2nd A-velocity,HC-time,HC-R and negative correlations with HC-PD,△A-length (all at P＜0.05).1st A-time,2nd A-time and HC-DA changed with CRF and IOPcc with the regression formations of 1st A-time =6.185+0.066CRF+0.034IOPec (F=300.123,P =0.000),2nd A-time=23.397-0.074IOPec-0.044CRF (F=227.979,P=0.000) and HC-DA =1.523-0.017IOPcc-0.017CRF (F=152.662,P=0.000).The CCTst,IOPst and IOPnct values by Corvis ST were significantly lower than CCT by Pentacam ([548.23±26.31] μm,IOPg ([15.02±2.72]mmHg and ([16.02-±2.56]mmHg) by ORA respectively (t =11.00,2.919,6.815,all at P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The corneal deformation parameters by Corvis ST can quantitatively describe corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes.Both IOP and the corneal steep curvature of the 3 mm center area (K2) affect the deformation response of cornea.The reliability of Corvis ST in the measurement of CCT and IOP remains to be further studied.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Factor VIII ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hemophilia A ; blood ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

Objective To establish nursing intervention for patients with diabetes mellitus and discuss in-fluence of community nursing on rehabilitation of patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Patients with con-finned diagnosis of type two diabetes mellitus (61 cases) were selected,individual health records were established and health education was given to them,including diet,exercises,psychological nursing,medication instruction and regular blood glucose monitoring. Patients compliance,control of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were compared before and after nursing intervention. Results Patients compliance such as regular physical ex-amination,diet control,regular blood glucose monitoring and exercises treatment improved after intervention com-pared with those before community intervention (P<0.05). The control of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin was better after intervention compared with those before community intervention (P<0.01). Con-clusion Community nursing intervention for patients with diabetes mellitus proved to have good effect.

AIM: To evaluate the preservation of anterior capsule during vitrectomy and lensectomy.ment (RD) and grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and pars plana lensectomy (PPL) with preservation and polishing of the anterior capsule. Of the 15 eyes, 4 eyes had giant tear, 3 had recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), 2 had diabetic retinopathy. Totally 6 eyes had gas and 9 had silicone oil tamponade. The surgeries were evaluated according to the visual acuity (VA) and the postoperative complications during the follow-up of at least 3 months.in all eyes, improved by 3± 3 lines overall. Eight eyes were implanted posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) successfully at 2-3 months after operation, including 6 having gas and 2 having silicone oil tamponade. No eyes had central anterior capsule opacity, corneal decompensation, puplillary block, retina redetachment or other complications.an intact anterior capsule in eyes with RD and PVR. Preserving the anterior capsule can help preventing intraoperative and postoperative complications of gas or silicone oil, simplify future PCIOL placement, and maintaining a normal iris appearance.

Background Clinical researches showed that antimicrobial-resistance of bacterium is gradually serious.It is very important to master pathogen distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility after eye surgery.Objective This study was to investigate the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria from ocular operative infection in 3-year duration to provide a reference for reasonable selection of antibiotics.Methods Sixtyfive positive specimens were obtained from 65 patients due to postoperative infection in Department of Ophthalmology of Shenzhou Hospital and Shengjing Hospital from 2009 January through 2011 December.The pathogenic bacteria were isolated and then the drug sensitivity test of conventional antibiotics was performed.Results Among the 65 ophthalmic specimens,35 strains of Gram-positive bacteria were isolated with the constituent ratio 53.8％,and 15 strains of Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 23.1％.Fungus was found in 15 cases with the constituent ratio 23.1％.Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 42.9％ in Gram-positive bacteria,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 33.3％ in Gram-negative bacteria.Aspergillus was the main component of fungus,which accounted for 60.0％ of the proportion 3 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 8 strains of Staphylococcus aureus,but no vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus (VRS) were seen.The in vitro drug sensitivity test showed that the main Gram-positive bacteria,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus,were sensitive to linezolid,vancomycin,levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin with the sensitive rates ＞50.0％,and these bacteria were lowly sensitive to penicillin and erythromycin with the sensitive rates ≤30.0％.Pseudomonas aeruginosa appeared to be the main Gram-negative bacteria,showing a sensitive rate ≥ 80.0％ to tobramycin,amikacin,ceftazidime,cefepime,cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam,imipenem and meropenem.Conclusions Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus are primary pathogens in ocular infection after operation.Antibiotics such as penicillin,erythromycin,levofloxacin,cefotaxime seem to be relatively high resistant to eye infection.To choose sensitive antibiotics timely and reasonably is a key to the prevention and control of ocular infection after operation.

Objective To justify the clinical use of traditional Chinese materia medica (TCMM) in the treatment of influenza.Methods The literature on treatment of influenza published before December 31, 2013 was searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBMdisk, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Database.Results A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were identified and reviewed. Based on the meta-analysis, Yinqiao Powder prescription had similar effect to oseltamivir in defervescence [WMD=5.66, 95%CI (-32.02, 43.35), P=0.77] and viral shed-ding [WMD=-6.21, 95%CI (-84.19, 71.76), P=0.88], and Lianhuaqingwen also had similar effect in viral shed-ding [WMD=-0.24, 95%CI (-4.79, 4.31), P=0.92] but was more effective in defervescence [WMD=-4.65, 95%CI (-8.91, -0.38), P=0.03].Conclusion TCMM has a potential positive effect in the treatment of influenza.