Objective To establish a stable primary culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons in vitro for further study the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebellar cells.Methods Cerebellar cortices were taken from brain of Wistar rat 5-7 day old after born under stereoscopic microscope.Single cell suspension was acquired after digestion and washing with trypsin (0.25％) and DNase Ⅰ solution,respectively.Granule cells were purified from other cells by differential velocity adherence method for two times.Rat cerebellar granule neurons were seeded in culture plate pre-coated with poly-L-lysine.Neurons growth,development and synaptic connections were observed daily.The neurons were identified by neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunofluorescence technique.Results The neurons were affixed to the culture plate in 24 hours,in reticular arrangement observed under contrast microscope.Granule cells gradually turned round from oval and outlines became clearer in 2-3 days.In 4-6 days,there were a wide range of synaptic connections among the neurons and a mature nerve cell network formed.A large quantity of cerebellar granule neurons was seen by NSE identification.Few bigger cells such as purkinjes cells and glial cell outlines were also seen in the same visual field.Conclusions This is a successful primary culture method for acquirement of rat cerebellar granule neurons.The method can provide experimental basis for future studies the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebellar cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics of children with Castleman's disease and to improve doctors' awareness of this disease.

METHODSClinical characteristics of 5 cases with Castleman's disease were observed and analyzed and relevant reports in literature were reviewed.

RESULTS(1) All the five patients' histories were long, and the first symptoms of them were painless lymphnode enlargement, and all of them were at school age; 3 patients' abdominal lymphnodes were enlarged, mediastinum lymphnodes enlarged in 3 cases, cervical lymphnodes were involved in 3 cases; (2) The clinical subtypes: the disease in 3 cases was localized Castleman's disease (LCD), all of their pathological subtype was hyaline vascular variant (HV). The rest of them were multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), whose pathology was plasma cell variant (PC), and both of them had a febrile symptoms; (3) The white blood cells, C-reactive protein and ferritin levels were all elevated to different extents. Four of them had viral infections, and their cellular immune function was abnormal; (4) The LCD patients' prognosis was good after the complete resection. There is no standard therapy for MCD, the available therapies include antiviral, immune modulatory regimens, CD20 B cell monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy, but the prognosis was worse than that of LCD.

CONCLUSIONSCastleman's disease is rare in children, which can be misdiagnosed because it has no specific manifestations. The prognosis depends on the subtype.

Castleman Disease ; diagnosis ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To detect the levels of five trace elements in whole blood of patients with Keshan disease(KSD) and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and explore their role in the pathogenesis of KSD.Methods One hundred and four patients with chronic KSD were selected from Keshan diseased areas in Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia.Thirty patients with DCM were selected from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan Central Hospital,The First People's Hospital.Ninety-one healthy people from KSD endemic areas and 39 healthy people from Jinan were selected as endemic healthy controls and non-endemic healthy controls,respectively.Blood samples were collected to determinate the level of selenium (Se),copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) with fluorescence method and atomic absorption spectrometry,according to the principle of informed consent.Results The level of Se,Zn and Cr of KSD group[(36.0 + 4.9)μg/L,(22.73 + 4.62)mg/L,(0.56 + 0.17)mg/L] was significantly lower than that of non-endemic healthy controls [(56.4 ± 6.8)lμg/L,(25.35 ± 4.44)mg/L,(0.71 ± 0.17)mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05],but the level of Cu of KSD group[(0.95 ± 0.24)mg/L] was significantly higher than that of non-endemic healthy controls[(0.73 ± 0.13) mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The level of Se and Cr of KSD was significantly lower than that of endemic healthy controls[(54.5 ± 5.4)μg/L,(0.87 ± 0.02)mg/L,P ＜ 0.05],and Cu was significantly higher than that of endemic healthy controls[(0.66 ± 0.02)mg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The level of Cu and Zn of KSD was significantly lower than that of DCM [(1.21 ± 0.23)mg/L,(27.09 ± 7.10)mg/L,all P ＜ 0.01].The level of Se and Cr of DCM group[(39.6 ± 3.5)μg/L,(0.58 ± 0.14)mg/L] was significantly lower than that of non-endemic healthy controls(all P ＜ 0.01),but Cu[(1.21 + 0.23)mg/L] was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with non-endemic healthy controls,the level of Se of endemic healthy control group was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),while Cu was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).Se,Zn and Cr level of KSD decreased gradually following elevated heart function level,but the level of Cu gradually increased.Conclusions The metabolism of Se,Cr,Cu and Zn is unbalanced in KSD patients,whose Se level is still lower than that of people in non-endemic areas.The change of Se,Cr,Cu and Mn level between KSD and DCM is consistent.

BACKGROUNDActinomycosis is a rare indolent infectious disease caused by Actinomyces. Although pulmonary actinomycosis is thought to be more prevalent in developing countries, data from developing countries are scanty. This study was to reveal the current situation of pulmonary actinomycosis in developing countries and the difference from that in developed countries.

METHODSPatients fulfilling the inclusion criteria for pulmonary actinomycosis from Peking Union Medical College Hospital in China between January 2003 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline characteristics, clinical symptoms, underlying diseases, diagnostic methods, pulmonary function test results, chest computed tomography (CT) tests, fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) tests, initial diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were retrieved from medical records and analyzed.

RESULTSTwenty-six patients were included in this study (mean age 52.0 + 13.1 years). The ratio of male to female was 1.17:1. Most common clinical symptoms were cough (15/26), sputum (12/26) and hemoptysis (12/26). Chest CT findings presented as masses (13/26), nodules (10/26) and infiltrates (3/26). FDG-PET had an increased standardized uptake value and 4/6 patients were misdiagnosed as malignancy. Many kinds of antibiotics were used in the treatment of pulmonary actonomycosis and all got favorable results. Five patients receiving complete resection of the lesion were cured without postoperative use of antibiotic.

CONCLUSIONSPulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease even in developing countries, and both misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis are common. FDG-PET seems useless in the differential diagnosis, and complete resection of the pulmonary lesion without postoperative antibiotic therapy might be enough to achieve cure.

Actinomycosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the pathologic characteristics of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, especially the pattern of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis; and to compare the histologic features with those of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis.

METHODSThe HE-stained paraffin sections of 10 cases of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis encountered during the period from 2000 to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThere were altogether 6 males and 4 females, with age of patients ranging from 23 to 59 years (mean=47.2 years). Clinically, the patients presented with chronic cough and shortness of breath for 4 months to 6 years. Histologically, 7 cases showed usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP)-like fibrosis. Patchy fibrosis was observed under the pleura, adjacent to interlobular septa and around bronchioles. In all of the 7 cases, foci of fibroblastic proliferation, as well as bronchiolar metaplasia of peribronchiolar alveoli and mild bronchiolitis, were noted. Three cases presented with mild honeycomb changes of lung and 3 cases showed non-specific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP)-like fibrosis, in which the alveolar septa were expanded by fibrous tissue and collagen, with relative preservation of alveolar architecture. Bronchiolitis and lymphocytic infiltrates in alveolar septa were seen. Schaumann bodies were identified in 1 case. In general, patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis were younger than patients with idiopathic UIP. Computed tomography often showed upper and middle lobar involvement and mosaic attenuation. Compared with idiopathic UIP, the UIP-like fibrosis of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis often occurred not only under the pleura and adjacent to interlobular septa, but also around bronchioles and was accompanied by bronchiolar metaplasia.

CONCLUSIONSChronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis can mimic other types of lung conditions with interstitial fibrosis, especially UIP and NSIP. As a result, some cases of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis may be misdiagnosed as such.

Adult ; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic ; complications ; pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) associated lung involvement, concentrating on clinical characteristics, pathological findings of lung involvements, response to treatment, and prognosis.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the characters of the clinical manifestations, thin-section CT and pathological findings of CSS. The study involved 16 patients. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. All patients underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Six of them underwent surgical lung biopsy as well.

RESULTSThe patients included 7 men and 9 women, aged from 14 to 61 years (median, 47.5 years). Extrathoracic organs involved included nervous system (7/16) and skin (5/16). Respiratory symptoms included cough (12/16), exertional dyspnea (11/16), hemoptysis (4/16), and chest pain (3/16). CT findings included bilateral ground-glass opacities (12/16), bilateral patchy opacities (12/16), and centrilobular nodules (6/16). The pathological findings of TBLB demonstrated increased eosinophils (3/16), vasculitis (3/16), and interstitial pneumonia (16/16). The pathological findings of surgical lung biopsy of 6 cases showed necrotizing vasculitis in 4 cases, capillaries in 5, eosinophilic pneumonia in 3, granulomas in 2, and airway abnormalities in 3. All patients improved in symptoms after therapy during the study period (range, 3 to 51 months; median, 15 months).

CONCLUSIONSAsthma may be present in CSS patient when there is bronchial involvement. Ground-glass opacities and consolidation seen on high-resolution CT reflect the presence of eosinophilic pneumonia, vasculitis, and pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage. TBLB has significant limitations for the diagnosis of CSS. Early diagnosis and therapy can result in satisfactory prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; Biopsy ; Churg-Strauss Syndrome ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical features and to evaluate outcomes and to assess therapeutic effects in 34 children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with risk-adapted combination chemotherapy and low-dose, involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) in China.

METHODFrom January 2003 to April 2009, 34 hospitalized children with Hodgkin lymphoma were enrolled into the BCH-HL 2003 protocol (revised CCG 5942) in our hospital. Pathological samples were reviewed centrally and classified based on the World Health Organization guidelines. Staging was based on clinical evaluation and was defined by the Ann Arbor staging system. The 34 patients were treated according to the different risk factors in three treatment groups (standard, intermediate, and high risk), and received risk-adapted combination chemotherapy and IFRT. All analyses were calculated by the statistical program SPSS.

RESULTOf the 34 Hodgkin lymphoma patients, 28 were male and 6 were female. The median age was 8.7 years (range from 4 years to 15 years) at the time of diagnosis. In terms of clinical presentation, 53% had bulky lymph nodes, 47.1% had more than 4 node regions involved and 44% had "B" symptoms at presentation. The distribution for stage of disease was 0% for Stage I, 21% for Stage II, 35% for Stage III and 44% for Stage IV disease. All patients had classical histology consisting of three different sub-discipline: 22 cases of mixed cellularity (64.7%). In pathological samples of 25 cases there was EBV encoded RNA (EBER) or latent membrane protein (LMP) staining. The overall survival (OS) was 100% and the 5-year event-free survival was 94.1% with a median follow-up of (26.1 ± 16.3) months. Two patients had early relapse after treatment was finished. Organ toxicity was limited to hematological grades III and IV at rates of 40% and 71% respectively.

CONCLUSIONChildhood Hodgkin lymphoma in our study was more frequently seen in male school aged children. Combined-modality therapy using risk-adapted chemotherapy with radiation is effective and well tolerated. The overall prognosis was good.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEWe have identified a SNP within the seed-binding region for miR-502 in the 3'-UTR of the SET8 gene that codes for a methyltransferase for histone H4. SET8 methylates TP53 and thus regulates cell proliferation and genome stability. This study is to investigate the role for this SNP and its interaction with the TP53 codon 72 SNP in the age of onset of breast cancer.

METHODSWe conducted a case-only study of 1, 110 breast cancer cases. PCR-RFLP was used for SNP genotyping. Ages of onset of breast cancer among different genotypes were analyzed using SAS software.

RESULTSOur analysis revealed that the SET8 CC and TP53 GG genotypes were independently associated with earlier age of onset of breast cancer in an allele-dose dependent manner. Moreover, individuals with both SET8 CC and p53 GG genotypes developed cancer at age of 47.74 years, compared with 54.55 years for individuals with both SET8 TT and TP53 CC genotypes.

CONCLUSIONSmiR-502-binding SNP in SET8 may modulate SET8 expression and contribute to early development of breast cancer either independently or together with the TP53 codon 72 SNP.

3' Untranslated Regions ; genetics ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Binding Sites ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Codon ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To study the curative effect of behavior therapy(military training and growth eduction)on conduct disorder of adolescent inpatients. Methods Using a random grouping and control-study method，87 inpatients with conduct disorder were divided into the study group and the control group. On the basis of drug therapy，the study group adopted the behavior therapy(military training and growth education),and was assessed 1 week and 12 weeks after admission using Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL). The assessment results were statistically treated. Results After 12 weeks of behavior tllerapy. the CBCL scores of the study group and the control group were(13.46±3.28)and(18.41±4.26)in anxiety and obsession,(8.65±3.34)and(12.57 4-3.28)in schizophrenia like，(11.87±3.21)and(14.85±3.55)in depression and withdrawn，(8.62±3.67)and(15.74±2.21)in immaturity，(9.23±2.41)and(15.62±2.51)in violation of discipline，(15.24±3.62)and(26.54±3.11)in aggressiveness，(7.16±3.32)and(11.89±2.65)in hyperactive syndrome. There Was a statistical meaning between the two groups(P<0.01).In addition，there Was a statistical meaning between before and after the therapy in the study group(P<0.01). Conclusions Behavior therapy(military training and growth education)is an effective method in the treatment of conduct disorder of adolescent inpatients.

Objective To discuss the effect of systematic individualized nursing intervention on the quality of life of patients after colostomy. Methods A total of 66 patients undergoing colostomy were divided into the intervention group (n = 34) and the control group (n = 32) randomly. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing care while patients in the intervention group performed systematic individualized nursing intervention based on routine nursing care. Questionnaires including European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Quality of life Questionnaire Core-30 (QLQ-C30) were used to collect the data at the first day of admission, at the first month of post-operation and at the sixth month of post-operation. The results of two groups were compared. Results The results of follow-up survey after half a year illustrated that every items of the quality of life of the intervention group patients were higher than that of the control group cases. There were statistical significant difference between them (P <0. 01). Conclusions Systematic individualized nursing intervention can enhance the quality of life of patients undergoing colostomy remarkably.