Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the supportive group therapy on the psychological traumatic in the nurses who experienced a violence event.Methods 58 nurses were enrolled in this study and randomly arranged to therapy group and control group.Ninety minutes group psychotherapy was used in the therapy group once weekly and last 6 weeks,and no any intervention method was used in the control group.For both groups,evaluations were conducted at three time points that was baseline,immediately after the completion of the intervention and 3 months after the completion of psychotherapy.Evaluations were conducted using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Profile of Mood States (POMS).Results The reduction of the total scores of ISE-R and flashback factor,hyper-arousal factor,avoidance behavior factor in the therapy group were higher than those in control group (-5.00 (3.89) vs-1.48 (3.05),P ＜ 0.01 ;-1.53 (1.46) vs-0.60 (1.90),P ＜ 0.05 ;-1.97 (2.71) vs-0.18 (1.76),P ＜ 0.01 ;-1.50 (2.60) vs-0.70 (2.08),P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Both the reduction of total scores of PMOS and the tension-anxiety factor and depression-dejection factor scores on the POMS differed significantly between the two groups(-2.80 (19.40) vs-0.41 (14.05),P ＜ 0.01 ;-1.85 (3.64) vs 0.37(3.40),P＜0.01 ;-1.10(6.52) vs 0.13(4.30),P＜0.01,respectively).All these effects maintained 3 months after the psychotherapy completion.Conclusion The group psychotherapy can alleviate the psychological traumatic of nurses experienced violence events,and it can be used to protect the mental health of these nurses.

BACKGROUND: Natural bilogical bone-derived materials processed with physical and chemical methods possess natural network pore system. They have good cellular compatibility, and help osteoblasts attach and grow on them, and can be used as the scaffolds of osteoblasts.OBJECTIVE: To observe the osteogenetic effect of partially deproteinised decalcified bone (PDDB) as scaffolds of osteoblasts in vivo.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Central Laboratory of the First Hospital of Kunming Medical College.MATERIALS: Partially deproteinised decalcified bone; human embryonic periosteum-derived osteoblasts; twenty 4-week-old BALB/c nude mice,with the body mass of 25 to 28 g, of either gender.METHODS: This experiment was conducted at the Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kuming Medical College from January to June 2003. PDDB composited with human embryonic periostea-induced osteoblasts were implanted into the nude mice after cultured for 1 week in vivo, 4 scaffolds in each nude mouse. Composite of scalfolds and cells implanted on the left side of the spine was set as experimental side and simple implanted material on the right side of the spine was set as blank control side. Then alkaline phosphatase activity and routine histological examination were performed 4 and 8 weeks after operation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: General observation, alkaline phosphatase activity and routine histological examination were performed after the materials were taken out.RESULTS: Twenty nude mice entered the stage of result analysis. ① General observation of the implanted materials: No necrosis, ecpyesis, or fluidifying was found around the implanted materials, but ingrowth and enwrapption of soft tissues were found. ② Measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity: alkaline phosphatase activity after PDDB composited osteoblasts in vivo was stronger at week 8 than at week 4 [(22.854±6.018) nkat/g vs(11.286±4.268) nkat/g], and was much stronger than that of the simple implanted materials [(1.217±0.083) nkat/g vs (2.717±0.583) nkat/g]. ③ Results of routine histological examination: Cartilage formed at week 4 and part of cartilage formed new bone and marrow cavity at week 8 at the experimental side, cartilage and new bone formed much more as time went by, but there was no any cartilage or bone formation at the control side.CONCLUSION: Cartilage and bone form after PDDB composited with osteoblasts are implanted, and more cartilage and new bone form as time passes. PDDB can be used as the scaffolds of osteoblasts.

Objective To study the effect of biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents (DES) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods From 2008 January to 2013 July, a total of 100 MHD patients with ACS who were treated with PCI in our centre were randomly divided into two groups, 50 patients in the EXcellstent group (biodegradable polymer DES) and the others in the FIREBIRD stent group (Ordinary DES). The patients included 61 male and 39 female, while the mean age was (58.4±9.2) years old (43-74 years old). After procedure, the EXcellstent group patients took aspirin (100 mg qd) and clopidogrel (75 mg qd) for 6 months, then aspirin (100 mg qd) for lifelong. The FIRDBIRD stent group patients also took aspirin (100 mg qd) and clopidogrel (75 mg qd), then aspirin (100 mg qd) lifetime too. To observe the main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and bleeding events during 12 months after procedure. Results The clinical data and angiographic results had no significant difference. No MACCE occurred during hospitalization. In 12 months after PCI, MACCE had no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05), and no stent thrombosis occured. One patient presented gastroin testinal bleeding in the EXcellgroup and 2 patients had cerebral hemorrhage in the FIRBIRD group. FIRBIRD group had more total hemorrhages events than that in EXcellgroup (P<0.05). Conclusions The treatment of biodegradable polymers DES in MHD patients with ACS was effective, and dual anti-platelet for 6 months was safe.

Viruses (e.g. Human immunodeficiency virus, Human simplex virus and Prototype foamy virus) are obligate intracellular parasites and therefore depend on the cellular machinery for cellular trafficking. Bovine foamy virus (BFV) is a member of the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily of Retroviruses, however, details of its cellular trafficking remain unknown. In this study, we cloned the BFV gag gene into prokaryotic expression vector pET28a and purified the denaturalized Gag protein. The protein was used to immunize BALB/c mouse to produce antiserum, which could specifically recognize the BFV Gag protein in BFV-infected cells through western blot assay. Additionally, these results demonstrated that both the optimal and suboptimal cleavage of Gag protein occur in BFV-infected cells. Subsequently, the Gag antiserum was used to investigate subcellular localization of BFV. In immunofluorescence microscopy assays, colocalization microtubules (MTs) and assembling viral particles were clearly observed, which implied that BFV may transport along cellular MTs in host cells. Furthermore, MTs-depolymerizing assay indicated MTs were required for the efficient replication of BFV. In conclusion, our study suggests that BFV has evolved the mechanism to hijack the cellular cytoskeleton for its replication.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; pathology

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that umbilical cord blood stem cel transplantation promote the recovery of spinal cord injury, and electroacupuncture also can inhibit the proliferation of astrocytes to reduce damage to scar formation, suggesting that a combination of umbilical cord blood stem cel transplantation and electroacupuncture may play an important role in the treatment of acute spinal cord injuries. OBJECTIVE:To observe the influence of transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cels combined with electroacupuncture at theDu channel on expression of nerve growth factor and neurotrophin 3 in rats with spinal cord injuries. METHODS: Seventy-two female Sprague-Dawlay rats were randomly divided into control group, injury group, transplantation group and combined therapy group. In the control group, only an incision on the back was sutured;in the injury group, a piece of saline-infiltrated gelatin sponge, 1 mm×2 mm×2 mm, was placed into the transected spinal cord at T10 level; in the transplantation group and combined therapy group, a piece of gelatin sponged infiltrated in the suspension of human umbilical cord blood stem cels was placed into the transected spinal cord, respectively, and then, electroacupuncture stimulation at the Duchannel was performed in the combined therapy group at 1 hour after modeling. Specimens were taken at 7, 14, 28 days after modeling in each group, and then immunohistochemistry, western blot and real time-PCR methods were used to detect the expression of nerve growth factor and neurotrophin 3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the transplantation group, the expression of nerve growth factor and neurotrophin 3 was lower in the injury group but higher in the combined therapy group at 7, 14, 28 days after modeling (P < 0.05). The results of western blot and real time-PCR were consistent with those of immunohistochemical detection. Findings show that human umbilical cord blood stem cel transplantation combined with electroacupuncture has a remarkable synergistic effect in the treatment of spinal cord injury that can significantly up-regulate the expression of nerve growth factor and neurotrophin 3, and contribute to injured spinal cord repair, regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Objective To analyze mRNA expressions of 7 cytoklnes which influence the immune response in lym- phocytes in pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer patients to evaluate the effect of local tumor microenviron- ment on anti-tumor immune response and to explore the mechanism of tumor escape. Methods Detecting the mRNA expression of IL-2,INF-γ,IL-12,IL-18,IL-10,IL-4 and TGF-β 1 in lymphocytes in pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer patients and tuberculotic pleurisy patients on the single cell level by using in situ hybridization. Results In the pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer, the mRNA expressions of IL-10,TGF-β1 and IL-4 were signifi- cantly higher than those of IL-2,IL-12,IL-18 and INF-γ,as well as these of control group. The cytokine expression levels of tuberculotic pleurisy patients were very Iow, and there were no significant differences between different cy- tokines. Conclusion Type 2 cytokines are expressed predominantly in the pleural effusion of non-small cell lung can- cer. The increased co-expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 indicates that they might act Jointly and play a critical role in the immunosuppression of non-small cell lung cancer.

The objective of this study is to compare the differences between self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and solid dispersion (SD) technology used to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of vinpocetine (VIP). The formulation of VIP-SMEDDS was composed of Labrafac, oleic acid, Cremophor EL, Transcutol P, and gum acacia which was used as solid absorbent. VIP-SD was prepared using poloxamer F68 as the carrier. In the solubility test, the solubility of VIP in SMEDDS was 17.3 times as much as that in SD. In the dissolution test, SMEDDS had shown better enhancement and stability in dissolving VIP than SD. When compared to VIP crude powder, the bioavailability of VIP in SMEDDS (VIP-SMEDDS) was 1.89-fold higher, and was less affected by food intake. However, the bioavailability of VIP in SD (VIP-SD) was bioequivalent to that of VIP crude powder. The tissue uptake of VIP-SMEDDS in Peyer's patches, intestine and liver after administration for 2 hours was more favorable than that of VIP-SD, which was 3.7 times higher in Peyer's patches, 2.2 times higher in intestine and 1.5 times higher in liver. In Caco-2 tests, the apparent permeability (P(app)) of VIP-SMEDDS was 2.65 times of that of VIP-SD. The width of the cell tight junctions of Caco-2 cell monolayer treated with VIP-SMEDDS were 9.6-fold wider, but there was no significant change after treatment with VIP-SD, when compared to the blank control. In conclusion, SMEDDS was more efficient than the traditional SD technology in increasing solubility, dissolution, intestinal permeability, lymphatic absorption and bioavailability of the insoluble drugs such as VIP, which is less affected by food intake.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Caco-2 Cells ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solubility ; Vinca Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics

The neuroprotective effect of propofol against intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats was investigated. ICH was induced in rats by infusion of collagenase (Type VII) 0.5 U (1 U x microL(-1)) into the left caudate nucleus. Three doses of propofol were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 10 min before collagenase infusion. Effects of propofol on neurological behavioral scores, brain water content (BWC), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue, expression level of caspase-3 were studied. In propofol groups (30 and 100 mg x kg(-1)), the neurological behavioral score, BWC and the content of MDA were significantly lower than those in ICH group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), whereas the activity of SOD was higher than that in ICH group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, propofol (15, 30, and 100 mg x kg(-1)) inhibited caspase-3 expression in dose-dependent manner (r = 0.877). Brain damages caused by ICH in rats can be alleviated by propofol, which mechanism might be attributed to its antioxidant activity.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; complications ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Collagenases ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution and drug resistance spectrum of clinical bacterial and Candida isolates.

METHODSMost of the bacterial isolates were identified using automated BD Phoenix, and a few with K-B method carried out manually. Candida isolates were identified by color-display plate and K-B method.

RESULTSThe most common isolates in the 2478 strains were P. aeruginosa (15.6%), E. coli (11.5%), C. albicans (9.6%), K. pneumoniae (9.3%), S. aureu (8.2%), and S. epidermidis (7.5%). In gram-negative isolates, the antibiotics with the lowest resistance rate were meraopenem (14.4%), cefoperazone/Sulbactam (14.8%), Imipenem (21.9%), piperacillin/tazobactam (27.4%), ceftazidime (30.0%), amikacin (31.1%), and cefepime (33.1%). The detection rate of E.coli and K. pneumoniae isolates producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) were 47.4% and 37.3% respectively. In gram-positive isolates, the antibiotics with the lowest resistance rate were vancomycin (0.9%), teicoplanin (1.1%), nitrofurantoin (6.9%), amikacin (20.1%), chloramphenicol (30.7%), and cefoperazone/sulbactam (31.5%). The methecillin-resistant rates of S. aureu , S. epidermidis, and S. haemolyticus were 57.1%, 65.0%, and 66.0%. For Candida isolates, the most sensitive antibiotics were amphotericin B (0.3%), nystain (0.3%), itraconazole (5.6%), fluconazole (9.4%), and fluorocytosine (9.4%).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest high rate of ESBL production and oxacillin resistance of the bacteria isolated in the hospital. More rational use of antimicrobial agents is crucial for reducing the drug-resistance of the bacteria, and effective measures must be taken to reduce dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Candida ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Fungal ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oxacillin ; pharmacology ; beta-Lactamases ; biosynthesis