Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with U75302,antagonist of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1),on cisplatin induced acute kidney injury in mice and its immunoregulatory mechanism.Methods Healthy C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four subgroups:1.healthy control group;2.cisplatin group;3.U75302 control group;4.cisplatin + U75302 group,n=6.Group 2 and 4 received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) on day 0,group 3 and 4received intraperitoneal injection of U75302 (5 μg/mouse) on day 0 and day 2.Mice were sacrificed on the 3rd day and blood and kidney were collected.Renal function and histological changes were estimated,the infiltration of immune cells were determined by flow cytometry,the level of peroxidase (MPO) in kidney were determined by colorimetry,relative expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,CXCL1,CXCL2 were detected by Real-time PCR.Results Compared with healthy control group,levels of BUN,Scr were higher in cisplatin group with serious tubular structural damage.There were more neutrophils,macrophages,CD4+ T lymphocytes,CD8+ T lymphocytes in kidneys of cisplatin group,the level of MPO and relative expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,CXCL1,CXCL2 were also higher in cisplatin group.Compared with cisplatin group,lower BUN [(17.75±1.80) mmol/L vs (42.6±6.66) mmol/L,P ＜0.05],Scr were found in cisplatin+ U75302 group with less tubular structural damage.Meanwhile,U75302 reduced infiltration of neutrophils [(146±13)×103/g vs (296±66) ×103/g,P ＜ 0.05],macrophages [(245± 13)× 103/g vs (420±78)× 103/g,P ＜ 0.05] in the kidney.Levels of MPO [(1.756±0.283) U/g vs (3.308±0.577) U/g,P＜0.05] and relative expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,CXCL1,CXCL2 were also lower.Conclusions BLT1 antagonist U75302 protects mice against AKI induced by cisplatin,and the mechanism is associated with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells in kidney and the inhibition of kidney inflammation.

Objective To explore the regulation and effect factors of arsenic expose and arsenic methylation level, then to provide a reference for study the function of arsenic metabolism in a arsenic poisoning process. Methods A meta-analysis was performed by two researchers. Twenty-five papers satisfying our priori eligibility criteria were included by searching Cochrane library, Pubmed, Springer, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Based on the results of heterogeneity, a random or fixed effects model was chosen for the meta-analysis. Results The results showed that the following arsenic metabolites increased (all P<0.01) following arsenic exposure: inorganic arsenic [iAs; standardized mean difference (SMD): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.61 - 1.53)], monomethyl arsenic (MMA; SMD: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.81 - 1.40), dimethyl arsenic (DMA; SMD: 2.50;95%CI:1.50-3.69), and total arsenic (TAs, SMD:3.10;95%CI:2.13-4.07). Additionally, the percentages of iAs (iAs%; SMD: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.60 - 1.40) and MMA (MMA%; SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.21 - 0.77) also increased, while the percentage of DMA (DMA%; SMD: - 0.55; 95% CI: - 0.80 - - 0.31) decreased (P<0.01). The primary methylation index (PMI; SMD: - 0.57; 95% CI: - 0.94 - - 0.20), and secondary methylation index (SMI;SMD: - 0.27; 95% CI: - 0.46 - - 0.09) decreased (all P< 0.01). Compared to female, male had higher MMA%(SMD:0.44;95%CI:0.35-0.52), lower DMA%(SMD:-0.33;95%CI:-0.38--0.28) and SMI (SMD:-0.36;95%CI:-0.53--0.19). The smoker had higher MMA%(SMD: 0.22; 95%CI: 0.07 - 0.37) and lower DMA%(SMD:-0.16;95%CI: - 0.26 - - 0.05). The drinker had higher MMA% (SMD: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.27) and lower DMA%(SMD:-0.24;95%CI:-0.39--0.10). The older people had higher MMA%(SMD:-0.23;95%CI:-0.40--0.06). In addition, the body mass index may influence the percentages of MMA (SMD: - 0.18; 95% CI: - 0.31 - - 0.04, P < 0.01). Conclusion Arsenic exposure, smoking, drinking, and older age can reduce the capacity of arsenic methylation. Arsenic methylation is more efficient in women than in men.

Objective To investigate the etiologic effect of the lumbar facet joint morphology on the occurrence of degener?ative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS). Methods From January 2007 to July 2013, 115 patients with DLS treated in our hospi?tal were randomly selected. There were 28 males and 87 females with an average age of 57.3 years (range, 41-76 years). 115 age? and sex? matched people including 31 males and 84 females with an average age of 56.4 years (range, 45-77 years) free from DLS and back or leg pain were selected randomly as control group from a group coming for routine physical examination in our hospital. Both groups received lumbar anteroposterior and lateral X?ray films、CT scanning and multiplanar reformation, the degree of spondylolisthesis (Taillard index) was measured in DLS group on lateral radiographs; at L3,4 and L4,5 level of both groups the facet joint angles on CT scan images were measured and facet tropism was evaluated, the pedicle?facet angle (the P?F angle) was measured in the sagittal plane on multiplanar reformation CT images, and then all angles of corresponding level were compared and analyzed; L4,5 facet joint degeneration in both groups was evaluated and compared in bone window, the de?gree of spondylolisthesis (Taillard index) in DLS group at different degenerative grade of facet joints were analyzed. The corre?lation between L4,5 facet joint angle、P?F angle and degrees of spondylolisthesis were analyzed. Results All L4,5 spondylolisthe?sis in DLS group were grade I, the facet joint angles were more sagittal in DLS group than those in the control group at L 3,4 and L4,5 levels, and the P?F angles were more horizontal in DLS group compared with control group;the facet tropism in DLS group at L 4,5 level were significantly different as compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference at L 3,4 level between the two groups. Significant difference was found in L4,5 facet joint degeneration grade between two groups,but there was no significant difference in degree of spondylolisthesis during different degeneration grades in DLS group. There was no significant correlation between the facet joint angle and the P?F angle and degree of spondylolisthesis at L4,5 level in DLS group. Conclusion The facet joint morphology abnormality (smaller facet joint angle, horizontal P?F angle, the facet tropism) has an important etiologic meaning in the occurrence of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, however its role cannot be excessively exaggerated. The facet joint de?generation is a secondary change with aging,while the development of DLS aggravates the degeneration.

The effects of renal ischemic preconditioning (RIP) on ischemia-reperfused myocardium were examined in the urethane-anesthetized rabbit to determine whether RIP may provide cardioprotection and to observe the role of the renal nerve in such condition. The results obtained are as follows: (1) During 45 min myocardial ischemia and subsequent 180 min reperfusion, blood pressure, heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption decreased progressively. Epicardial electrographic ST-segment was elevated significantly in the period of ischemia and returned to the baseline gradually in the course of reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size occupied 55.80±1.25% of the area at risk. (2) RIP significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size to 36.51±2.80% (P<0.01), indicating the cardioprotective effect of such an intervention. (3) Renal nerve section (RNS) completely abolished the cardioprotection afforded by RIP, though RNS per se did not affect the myocardial infarct size produced by ischemia-reperfusion. (4) During 10 min renal ischemia, the averaged multi-unit discharge rate of the renal afferent was increased from 0.14±0.08 to 0.65±0.12 imp/s (P<0.01). (5) Pretreatment with an adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline (10 mg/kg) markedly attenuated the discharge rate of the renal afferent induced by transient renal ischemia, implying that adenosine released in ischemic kidney activated the renal afferent. It is suggested that activation of renal afferents by transient renal ischemia-reperfusion plays an important role in the cardioprotection afforded by RIP.

Objective To study the temperature changes in lumbar post-operation, which is helpful for nurses to find out abnormal behaviors of patients and the related reasons on time. Methods The temperature, blood and urine routine of 101 patients with lumbar operation were analyzed for 1 day pre-operafion, the day on operation, and 3～5 days post-operation. Results Basic temperature was compared to mean temperature of 3 days post-operation, 24 hours post-decannulation and 3 days post-decannulation. Data analysis showed significant difference among basic temperature and those mean temperatures (P<0.01). Conclusions The temperature changes after operation and decannulation are important. This issue might be stressed in the future nursing education.

Most drugs need to interact with cell membrane to reach the biological target, so that membrane affinity assay is an important early screening step in drug discovery. However, at present, the traditional oil-water distribution method is still used, a new, simple and accurate method for membrane affinity assay is urgently needed. In this study, according to the colorimetric principle, a new assay model based on polydiacetylene vesicles was optimized through a series of experiments including different concentrations of vesicle solution, temperature, or pH reaction environment. On this basis, tetracaine hydrochloride, 2-methylimidazole and histamine were used as model drugs to measure the membrane affinity constants and verify the between-batch precision of the optimized assay model (relative standard deviation less than 5%). In addition, polydiacetylene vesicles were stable for up to 180 days, demonstrating the potential application of the assay model. This strategy is simple, stable, reliable, with high reproducibility, low cost and easy to promote, which provided a new tool and a new direction for the high-throughput assay of membrane affinity.

The quality markers (Q-markers) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have become a topic of interest in TCM research in recent years. Nonetheless, there is still no consensus on how to scientifically characterize TCM Q-markers. Our study establishes an identification method for TCM Q-markers based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight comprehensive method. By constructing an evaluation system encompassing the target layer, the factor layer and the control layer, AHP can be used to analyze the weight of three core TCM quality attributes, including effectiveness, testability and specificity. Following that, the entropy weight method is employed to analyze the specific indicators for each attribute based on the literature and experimental data. Finally, the comprehensive weight of each index is obtained by combining the two weights, and the comprehensive weight and the specific value of each component is multiplied and summed to obtain the integrated score ranking, and thereby identify the TCM Q-markers. Taking Shaoyao Gancao decoction as an example, the analysis revealed that the top 8 components are as follows: paeoniflorin > quercetin > albiflorin > glycyrrhizic acid > naringenin > liquiritin > oxypaeoniflorin > benzoylpaeoniflorin, and can be identified as Q-markers of Shaoyao Gancao decoction. This study not only provides support for the establishment of quality standards and process quality control of TCM formulae, but also provides innovative ideas and methods for quantitative evaluation and accurate identification of TCM Q-markers.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection(LAPR) with pelvic peritoneum closure for patients with low rectal cancer.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 90 patients with low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection from Mar 2014 to Jan 2019 at the Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into closed pelvic floor peritoneum group (study group, n=42) and without pelvic floor peritoneum group (control group, n=48) . Results:The postoperative hospital stay of the study group was shorter than that of the control group[(10.8±3.0) d vs. (12.4±3.1) d, t=2.569, P=0.013]. There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time , intraoperative blood loss , time to first flatus ,first time of getting out of bed between the two groups. Perineal incision infection and perineal incision dehiscence occurred in 2 cases and 1 case in the study group, and 10 cases and 9 cases in the control group respectively (χ 2= 5.007, P=0.025; χ 2=6.077, P=0.033). In the study group, there were 0 cases of perineal hernia, 1 case of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia and 2 cases of adhesive intestinal obstruction, while those in the control group were 7 cases, 8 cases and 9 cases, respectively (χ 2=6.642, P=0.013; χ 2=5.079, P=0.033; χ 2=4.085, P=0.043). Conclusion:Laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection with pelvic peritoneum closure significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative perineal-related complications and shorten postoperative hospital stay.

The present study was undertaken to define whether intracarotid injection of capsaicin induces Fos expression associated with the activation of NOS-containing neurons in brainstem nuclei by combining the immunocytochemical method for Fos with NADPH-d histochemical technique for NOS. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Intracarotid injection of capsaicin caused a significant increase of Fos-like immunoreactive neurons in area postrema (AP), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGL) and locus coeruleus (LC), without influence upon the neurons of raphe nuclei (RN) and periaqueductal gray (PAG). (2) NO-containing neurons in PGL and NTS and the double-labeled neurons in PGL were also increased significantly following intracarotid injection of capsaicin. Small numbers of NO-containing neurons were found in LC, but there was no change in the number of NO-containing neurons in RN and PAG. No NADPH-d histochemical activity could be found in AP. (3) The above responses to capsaicin were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with either a capsaicin receptor antagonist ruthenium red or a NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. The above results indicate that intracarotid injection of capsaicin may activate the neurons in brainstem nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation, and that NO only plays an indirect role in the modulation of the responses of brainstem nuclei to capsaicin. These effects of capsaicin are mediated by capsaicin receptors with involvement of glutamate.

Objective To detect the expressions of CD19 and CD20 of B-lymphocytes (CD19+B, CD20+B) and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of epileptic children and explore their significances. Methods Four hundred and fifty-eight epileptic children, admitted to our hospital from January 2008 to December 2010, were chosen as patient group; another 52 healthy subjects were chosen as controls. The expressions of CD19+B and CD20+B and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry; their results were compared. Ninety-two epileptic children were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and the effect of IVIG therapy was studied. Results The CD19+B level ([22.35±6.54]％) and CD20+B level ([21.50±8.41]％) in the epileptic children were obviously higher than those in the healthy controls ([16.86±4.02)％,[16.13±4.19]％, P＜0.05); and the level of NK cells ([9.1 1±4.90]％) in the epileptic children was significantly decreased as compared with that in the healthy controls ([14.72±4.15]％, P＜0.05). The CD19+B level ([18.26±5.03]％) and CD20+B level ([16.74±5.12]％) 6months after MG treatment were decreased significantly as compared with those before treatment ([22.74±6.25]％,[21.61±8.03]％, P＜0.05]; while the level of NK cells ([14.65±4.58]％) 6 months after IVIG treatment was increased significantly as compared with that before treatment ([9.07±4.76]％,P＜0.05). Among the 92 patients treated with IVIG, 70 enjoyed good results and 22 had non-effective resutls; The changesofCD19+Blevel ([7.99±5.34]％) and CD20+B ([8.21±5.21]％) before and after treatment in effectively treated patients by IVIG were significantly different as compared with those in ineffectively treated patients by MG ([3.78±2.76]％,[3.66±2.48]％, P＜0.05); however, the changes of level of NK cells before and after treatment showed no significant difference between effectively treated patients and ineffectively treated patients ([5.28±4.55]％,[4.53％±4.43]％, P＞0.05). Conclusion Dysfunctions of B-lymphocytes and NK cells exist in epileptic children, and MG treatment shows good effect on immune dysfunction of them. The levels of CD19-B and CD20-B can be used as monitoring indicators in the IVIG treatment of epileptic children.