Objective To observe the clinical effects of Dexmedetomidine in combination with Sevoflurane for hysteroscopic resection. Methods 72 patients underwent hysteroscopic resection from January 2014 to December 2015 were divided into study group and control group according to the anesthesia mode. Patients in study group were in combination anesthesia mode of intravenous infusion of Dexmedetomidine and Sevoflurane inhalation, while patients in control group received Sevoflurane inhalation only. The clinical parameters and adverse reactions were observed and studied. Results Compared with control group, significant differences were shown in patients heart rate at T2, T3 and T4 and breathing rate at T2 in observation group (P < 0.05). Compared with T1 phase, there was statistical significance in study group patients systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), RR at T2, HR at T3, T4 (P < 0.05); Compared with control group, patients in study group had short onset time of anesthesia and long recovery of consciousness, while there has no statistical significance of the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with control group, the respiratory depression, sedative effect of Ramsay sedation score, wakefulness, alertness / sedation score of observation method (OAA/S), digital pain score (NPRS), postoperative uterine contraction pain score, postoperative nausea and vomiting of study group had significant statistical differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Combination anesthesia mode of intravenous pumping Dexmedetomidine and inhalation of Sevoflurane has good clinical effects for patients undergoing hysteroscopic resection.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of cognitive impairment associated with a congenital chromosomal abnormality, trisomy of chromosome 21. Mental retardation and congenital heart defects are key features of DS. All DS individuals develop early-onset Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology. Intersectin 1 gene is localized on human chromosome 21, the critical region of DS, and it has higher expression in the brain of DS patients than in normal individuals. So fully understanding functions of intersectin 1 is critical for revealing the pathogenesis of DS. Intersectin 1 protein has two isoforms: intersectin 1-L and intersectin 1-S. This review will focus on the distribution, expression characters and functions of intersectin 1 in the central nervous system.
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Central Nervous System ; cytology ; metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study on mutations in D-loop region which is gene control region of mitochondrial genome in patients with familial breast cancer.

METHODSTwenty-three breast cancer patients came from twenty-one families of breast cancer, and eighteen healthy controls participated in the study. PCR amplification of D-loop region in mitochondrial DNA was performed and then the product was sequenced to analyze mutations.

RESULTSOne hundred and twenty-six mutations in D-loop region were found in twenty-three patients with familial breast cancer, and four mutations were new. In all of twenty-three patients, thirty-seven mutations were found in D310 which was hot spot of D-loop region in mitochondrial DNA. In these mutations, T>C in 310, TC insert in 311-312, CA deletion in 522-523 and C>G in 527 were multi-presentation mutations in patients with familial breast cancer. Mutations had no difference in the same family member of breast cancer family except that occurrence in the region of D310. In the same family, mutations in D310 of patients were different from controls.

CONCLUSIONMutations in D310 of familial breast cancer patients may enhance their susceptibility to breast cancer.

Adult ; Base Sequence ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Locus Control Region ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVEThe effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on tumor neovascularization were studied.

METHODShMSCs were isolated from human bone marrow by density gradient fractionation and adherence to plastic flasks. hMSCs-EGFP were obtained by pLEGFP-N1 retroviral vector. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell surface antigen and the differentiation potential of hMSCs-EGFP was investigated under conditioned media. The effect of hMSCs on tumor neovascularization were observed by establishing solid tumor models in BALB/C nude mice. In addition, effect of the conditioned medium used for tumor cells and endothelial cells (EC) cultivation was collected, to detect its effect on the growth and migration rates of hMSC. hMSCs were induced to differentiate into EC in vitro and the migratory effect on HUVEC was also evaluated.

RESULTShMSCs-EGFP, like hMSC, exhibited a fibroblast-like morphological feature, and both had the similar cell surface antigens. They could be induced into osteocytes or adipocytes under the conditioned media. The results not only suggested that hMSCs contributed to tumor neovascularization, but also indicated that most of vessels were host-derived angiogenesis mediated by hMSCs. The mean vascular density (MVD) in suspension group (13.67 ± 1.53) was strikely higher than that in MCF-7 group (5.33 ± 1.42), which showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). Only very few vessels were attributed to hMSCs transdifferentiation into ECs. Tumor cells and ECs can promote hMSCs proliferation and migration through paracrine action. Furthermore, hMSCs were positive for CD31 after 2 weeks induction and HUVEC migration can be facilitated by hMSCs.

CONCLUSIONMSCs have the effect of promoting tumor neovascularization.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology

OBJECTIVEIn order to explore the correlation between the centrosome aberration and oncogenesis of the breast carcinoma, the expression of alpha-tubulin and gamma-tubulin proteins in breast precancerous lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) was investigated.

METHODSQuantitative immunofluorescence analysis was performed for measuring centrosome proteins by FITC-labeled monoclonal anti-alpha and anti-gamma-tubulin antibodies in 90 cases with precancerous lesions, DCIS and IDC of the breast, respectively. Normal breast tissue from 30 cases were taken as control group.

RESULTSThe average of positive (FITC-labeled) cells were 3.2, 11.6, 14.8, 23.1 (alpha-tubulin) and 3.3, 10.7, 14.5, 24.5 (gamma-tubulin) in four groups, respectively. There were significant differences of alpha-tubulin or gamma-tubulin expression among those groups (P = 0.000), respectively. The highest expression quantity was in IDC group and the lowest was in normal breast tissue. Their expression was significantly associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation.

CONCLUSIONThere is over-expression of the centrosome tubulin protein in the precancerous stage of the breast. The centrosome aberration may play an important role during the crucial early step of oncogenesis and it may promote the cellular cancerization or transformation into malignancy. Quantitative immuno-fluorescence analysis and immunohistochemistry can be complementary each other.

Breast ; chemistry ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tubulin ; analysis

OBJECTIVEE2F-1 and Rb are involved in cell cycle regulation. This study was to illustrate the mechanism of transformation from benign papillomatosis to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast in relation to E2F-1 and Rb expression.

METHODSIn situ hybridization (ISH) was used to determinate the expression of E2F-1 and Rb mRNA of mild papillomatosis (MP, n = 40), severe papillomatosis (SP, n = 40) and DCIS (n = 40). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression of E2F-1 and Rb protein.

RESULTSThe positive rate of E2F-1 mRNA expression in MP, SP and DCIS was 17.5%, 45.0% and 80.0%, and that of E2F-1 protein expression was 20.0%, 47.5% and 77.5%, respectively. There were significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.01), and between any two groups (P < 0.01). The positive rate of Rb mRNA expression in MP, SP and DCIS was 90.0%, 50.5% and 20.0%, and that of Rb protein expression was 85.0%, 52.5% and 22.5%, respectively, with statistically significant difference similar with that of E2F-1. With the progression of papillomatosis to DCIS, the expression of E2F-1 mRNA and protein increased, while that of Rb decreased. The protein expression by IHC was positively correlated with the mRNA expression by ISH. However, that of E2F-1 was negatively correlated with Rb.

CONCLUSIONE2F-1 and Rb might provide a valuable basis for screening high risk papillomatosis and new target of gene therapy for pre-cancerous lesions of the breast.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; E2F Transcription Factors ; E2F1 Transcription Factor ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Papilloma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effects of antisense TGF beta1 on proliferation of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSHuman bladder carcinoma cell line EJ was transfected with pRevT beta-AS, a replication defective retroviral vector carried antisense TGF beta1 fragment. The growth of the transfected cells was observed in vitro and in vivo. TGF beta1 mRNA expression and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. The proliferative activity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry method. The ultrastructure of cells was observed by image analysis system and electron microscopy. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe expression of TGF beta1 mRNA and protein in EJ cells was inhibited by pRevT beta-AS, G(1) to S transition was restrained in cell cycle and cell proliferation decreased in vitro. The tumorigenesis and growth of EJ cells and DNA heteroploidy were reduced by antisense TGF beta1 in vivo.

CONCLUSIONTGF beta1 plays a role in vitro proliferation and in vivo growth of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Animals ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; RNA, Antisense ; therapeutic use ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of specific blockage of mutant p53 gene by individualized antisense RNA in vitro.

METHODSMutation status of p53 in human breast cancer cell lines was determined by immunocytochemical staining, PCR-SSCP and sequencing. Single strand antisense transcription system targeting specific p53 mutation site (mt-p53) was constructed, and corresponding antisense RNA was prepared. The hybridization of antisense RNA with its corresponding mt-p53 gene was confirmed by in-situ hybridization. Human breast cancer cells were transfected with antisense RNA by cationic liposome-mediated method. Time course of effects of antisense RNA was investigated by immunocytochemical staining and cell growth inhibiting assay. Expression of mt-p53 protein was examined by Western blot. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay.

RESULTSMutation of p53 exon 8 was found in MDA-MB-231 cells and antisense transcription system (pGEM3zf (+/-) p53exon8) was then constructed successfully. In transfected MDA-MB-231 cells, hybridization signals were observed in cytoplasm. Fourth-eight hours after transfection, the antisense RNA (ASp53exon8'RNA) had a significant retarding effect on p53 related proliferation inhibition, along with a decrease of p53 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONSASp53exon8'RNA specifically blocks mt-p53 gene expression, resulting in an inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Such an approach may be used as a therapeutic option against human malignancy.

Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Codon ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; RNA, Antisense ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism

The purpose of this study was to construct a recombinant conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAd) expressing programmed cell death 5 (pdcd5). Pdcd5 gene was inserted in the E3 region of SG600-a CRAd in which the key genes for virus replication E1a and E1b were controlled under the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (hTERTp) and the hypoxia response element (HRE) respectively, and with a deletion of 24 nucleotides within CR2 region of E1a. The insertion and orientation of all recombined plasmids were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The infection efficiencies of a recombined virus carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in leukemic cell lines were observed by using fluorescence microscope. The relative pdcd5 expression levels of K562 after being infected with SG611-pdcd5 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the construction of SG611-pdcd5 was completed and confirmed. Pdcd5, hTERTp, HRE, skeleton and fiber11 of recombinant adenovirus SG611-pdcd5 were successfully amplified. The infection efficiencies of SG611-EGFP were all above 70% in both leukemic K562 and MEG-01 cell lines. SG611-pdcd5 expressed pdcd5 with high efficiency in leukemic cells as compared with Ad-pdcd5 or SG611 (p < 0.001). The expression level of pdcd5 increased gradually along with the increase of MOI. It is concluded that the triple-regulated adenovirus of SG611-pdcd5 containing the pro-apopro-tic gene pdcd5 has been successfully established with high pdcd5 expression level in leukemic cells, indicating that the recombinant adenovirus, SG611-pdcd5, promises further development of targeted tumor gene therapy.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Oncolytic Viruses ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Telomerase ; genetics

The expression levels of programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) are down-regulated in many malignancies. SG611-pdcd5, a recombinant conditionally replicative adenovirus carrying pdcd5 gene expression cassette, can evidently kill the leukemic cells and protect selectively the normal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic killing effect of SG611-pdcd5 and low-dose etoposide (VP-16) on K562 cells. K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of VP-16 or different multiplicities of infection (MOI) of SG611-pdcd5. After 48 hours of incubation the cell viability was determined by using MTT assay. The results showed that the cell viability of SG611-pdcd5 (MOI = 40) plus VP-16 (0.5 µg/ml) group significantly decreased as compared with single SG611-pdcd5 (MOI = 40) treatment group or single VP-16(0.5 µg/ml) treatment group (42.00 ± 5.75% vs 59.45 ± 4.12%; 42.00 ± 5.75% vs 82.91 ± 3.41%, respectively, both p < 0.05). The synergistic killing effect of SG611-pdcd5 plus VP-16 was higher than that of PDCD5 protein plus VP-16 or that of non-replicating adenovirus carrying pdcd5 (Ad-pdcd5) plus VP-16 (both p < 0.05). The cell viability of VP-16 (4.0 µg/ml) plus SG611-pdcd5 (MOI = 40) group, VP-16 (4.0 µg/ml) plus proPDCD5 (40 µg/ml) group and VP-16 (4.0 µg/ml) plus Ad-pdcd5 (MOI = 80) group was 37.09 ± 1.89%, 52.36 ± 1.64% and 73.64 ± 4.33%, respectively. It is concluded that SG611-pdcd5 can promote K562 cell death induced by low-dose VP-16. The combination of SG611-pdcd5 and VP-16 can enhance the killing effect on leukemic cells.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Survival ; Etoposide ; pharmacology ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics