Aim To investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular morphine postconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart and the mechanism of the central nervous system opioid receptor.Methods Forty-two Sprague-Dawley Rats were established intracerebroventricular catheter placement and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models and randomly assigned to 7 groups:Sham group(Sham),control group(CON),intravenous control group(VCON),morphine postconditioning group(POC),intracereborventricular morphine postconditioning group(MOC).According to the dosage of intracerebroventricular morphine(3 ?g?kg-1,0.3 ?g?kg-1,0.03 ?g?kg-1),MOC group was assigned to three groups :MOC 1,MOC 2,MOC 3.Infarct size(IS),a percentage of the area at risk(AAR) was determined by triphenyltetrazolium(TTC) staining.c-fos expression in nucleus of tractus solitarius was determined by immunohistochemical method and Cardiac TroponinI(cTnI) of serum was observed at 120 min of reperfusion.Results Compared with control group,IS,IS/AAR and cTnI were significantly reduced in POC and MOC groups(P0.05).c-fos expression in nucleus of tractus solitarius were significantly reduced in MOC 2,POC(P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasound in sebaceous gland carcinoma of eyelid (SC).Methods The ultrasonic characteristic for 11 cases with eyelid SC were respectively analyzed by using 13 MHz high frequency ultrasound and 22 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound.Results Through 13 MHz high frequency ultrasound,in 7 patients who exhibited Pagetoid invasion the lid shin thickness of tumor side displays no significant alteration in a comparison with normal side.Furthermore,the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) evealed a branch-like blood flow surrounding the masses in all cases,but the blood flow of seven patients with Pagetoid invasion had no difference compared with the healthy side.On 22 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound examination,slit-like low echo was found in 9 ;transition zone of tumor infiltration can be identified in 9 ; the echo of tumors with Pagetoid invasion was lower than the healthy side and the skin thickness of tumors with Pagetoid invasion was thicker (0.6 ±0.1) mm than the healthy side.CDFI revealed that mesh-basket like blood flow was rich in all patients,the small branch blood vessels arrived at subcutaneous,and vasa vasorum were found in some patients.The region with Pagetoid invasion was rich in blood flow.The sonography findings on 13 MHz and 22 MHz high frequency ultrasound examination were compared with chisquare test.There were significant differences on homogeneous echo,slit-like low echo,transition zone of tumor infiltration,infiltration skin thickness,blood distribution,central blood vessels,vasa vasorum,blood flow in the region with Pagetoid invasion (x2 =12.571,15.231,15.231,4.701,22.000,15.231,4.899,10.267,P＜0.05).Conclusions Slit-like low echo in the mass is a main finding of eyelid sebaceous gland cercinoma on the 22 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound.The ultra-high frequency ultrasound can accurately reveal the skin depth infiltrated by the eyelid sebaceous gland cercinoma and this method can provide solid guidance for clinical treatment strategies.

BACKGROUNDNon-penetrating trabecular surgery is a new filtrating surgery without opening in ternal trabecular structures. This study was to estimate the overall efficacy of non-penetrating trabecular surgery for open angle glaucoma.

METHODSThe published articles selected for this study were obtained by a computerised Medline and China Biological Medicine Disk search of the literature and a manual search of the bibliographies of relevant articles. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically, and the reported data were aggregated using the statistical techniques of meta-analysis.

RESULTSA total of 37 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled complete success rates of non-penetrating trabecular surgery with different techniques were: deep sclerectomy single, 69.7% (95% CI: 58.5% - 81.0%); deep sclerectomy with collagen implant, 59.4% (95% CI: 47.0% - 71.8%); deep sclerectomy with reticulated hyaluronic acid implant, 71.1% (95% CI: 56.8% - 85.3%); and viscocanalostomy, 72.0% (95% CI: 57.6% - 86.4%). The overall weighted complete success rate of non-penetrating trabecular surgery was 67.8% (95% CI: 61.4% - 74.3%).

CONCLUSIONSNon-penetrating trabecular surgery is the best available therapy method for medically uncontrolled open angle glaucoma with a complete success rate of over 60%. But the different techniques cannot belie the complete success rate of non-penetrating trabecular surgery.

Filtering Surgery ; methods ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; surgery ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Sclerostomy ; Trabeculectomy

Objective To investigate pathogens and drug resistance of lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI)in Intensive Care Unit(ICU).Methods Retrospective study of the clinical data,the distribution and the drug-sensitivity of pathogens of 220 cases with LRTI in ICU.Results Totally 280 strains of pathogens were identified by bacterial culturing.The ratio of G-bacteria to total pathogens isolated was 63.5%,of the G+ bacteria was 25.1%,and of the fungi was 11.4%.The main kinds of the G-bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae(17.1%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.2%),Acinetobacter baumannii(12.5%),and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(10.4%).Staphylococcus aureus(SA)(91.4%)was the most prominent in G+ bacteria,and MRSA was 98.4% in SA.The result of drug sensitive test in vitro showed the multiple drug fast rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparatively high,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to Levofloxacin was low,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were highly sensitive to carbapenems.The susceptibility rate of MRSA to vancomycin was 100%.Conclusion G-bacteria are the majority of the pathogens,isolated from patients with LRTI in ICU.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are the chief G-pathogens.Except Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,imipenem and merpenem are relatively active against the G-bacilli.The proportion of MRSA and fungal infection is increasing.It is suggested that there be urgent need for surveillance of bacterial resistance and rational use of antimicrobial agents during clinical therapy.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the influence of combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for early postoperative pulmonary function, and to study the relative factors for postoperative pulmonary complications.

METHODSFrom September 2009 to December 2010, 61 patients with esophageal cancer had undergone esophagectomy surgery, of which 32 patients had undergone combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy (CTLE group), and 29 patients had undergone open three-field esophagectomy (open group). Pulmonary function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) were measured on the 1(th) preoperative day, 5(th) and 10(th) postoperative day, and arterial blood gas analyses were performed during the same period. Meanwhile, pain scores and other potentially relevant factors were recorded as well.

RESULTSPreoperative pulmonary function and arterial blood gas analysis, including FEV(1)%, FVC%, PaO2 in two groups had no significant difference (t = -1.608 to 0.709, P = 0.113 to 0.481). On the 10(th) postoperative day, FEV(1)%, FVC%, PaO2, and SaO2 of two groups were significantly different (FEV(1)%: 77% ± 17% vs. 53% ± 13%, t = 6.241, P = 0.000; FVC%: 78% ± 13% vs. 57% ± 16%, t = 5.549, P = 0.000; PaO2: (87 ± 9) mmHg vs. (79 ± 14) mmHg, t = 2.477, P = 0.017; SaO2: 96% ± 3% vs. 94% ± 2%, t = 2.313, P = 0.024; 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). Pain score of CTLE group was lower than open group, and the scores of two groups had significant difference before the 5(th) day after surgery (t = -4.398 to -1.815, P = 0.000 to 0.049). Postoperative pulmonary complications of CTLE group was lower than open group (6/32 vs. 12/29, χ(2) = 3.745, P = 0.049).

CONCLUSIONSCombined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy has advantages on early postoperative pulmonary function. It can relatively reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications after surgery.

Aged ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Thoracoscopy

BACKGROUNDGrowth and development of infants has been an important topic in pediatrics for a long time. Infants must be provided with food containing all necessary nutrients. Breast milk is believed to be the most desirable natural and cheapest food for well-balanced nutrition. But with the progress in the development of substitute food in developed countries, it is thought that formula milk can meet the requirement for infant growth. During early infancy, growth, as the most sensitive index of health, is therefore a critical component in evaluating the adequacy of breast-feeding, mixed-feeding and formula feeding. Iron status is another important index of infant health. Iron deficiency anemia remains the most prevalent nutritional deficiency index in infants worldwide. This study is to compare infants in Beijing at 4 months who are on three different feeding modes (breast feeding, mixed feeding and formula feeding) in physical changes and iron status. The results may provide new mothers with support in feeding mode selection, which will also be helpful to the China Nutrition Association in feeding mode education.

METHODSThis is a cohort study. One thousand and one normal Beijing infants were followed regularly for 12 months. Body weight and horizontal length were measured. Hemoglobin, red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and serum iron were analyzed at 4 months.

RESULTSThe breast feeding percentage in the first 4 months was 47.9%. The feeding mode was not significantly related to maternal delivery age, education, labor pathway nor infant sex (P>0.05). Infant boys and girls exclusively breast-fed from 0 to 4 months had the highest weight at 0-6 months. The anemia rate of breast-fed infant boys at 4 months was the highest.

CONCLUSIONSBreast feeding should be given more emphasis. It is compulsory for new mothers to breast-feed their infants if possible. Social environment should also guarantee the requirement for breast feeding. Furthermore the normal values of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and serum iron, which were originally used to judge children's iron deficiency anemia, might not be optimal for evaluating infants. There might be a need to develop sex-specific cutoff levels of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and serum iron for infants.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; epidemiology ; Breast Feeding ; Child Development ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Infant, Newborn ; Iron ; blood ; Prevalence

Light intensity, gas temperature, soil temperature and gas exchange parameters were determined of three years old Panax notoginseng planted on different layers seedbed and different location (left, middle, right) of the same layer in greenhouse. Result show that diurnal variation of light intensity, gas temperature and soil temperature showed that upper layer > middle layer > lower layer; different locations of the same layer showed that light intensity of upper layer was not different among different locations; light intensity of middle and lower layer in right and left were the same, and significantly higher than those in the middle position; the gas temperature of each layer all with less different of each location; soil temperature of 12 cm depth is the lowest, and was gradually increased to the upper and lower surface; net photosynthetic efficiency of P. notoginseng showed that upper layer > middle layer > lower layer; there were significant correlation between soil temperature, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and photosynthetic rate were correlated with light intensity significantly; transpiration rates had notable correlation with light intensity and gas temperature. All above indicated that net photosynthesis rate of P. notoginseng was affected by light intensity directly, gas temperature and soil temperature indirectly. Inconclusion, stereoscopic cultivation of P. notoginseng was practicable in present study. The planting quality of P. notoginseng under stereoscopic cultivation could be improved by ameliorate the structure of seedbed to enhance the light intensity of middle and lower layer. Increase the thickness of the seedbed to decrease the temperature difference of soil. Further the management of ventilation facilities of greenhouse to control the gas temperature.
Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Light ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Soil ; Temperature

BACKGROUNDSnake venom contains a number of components with different pharmacological and biological activities, especially in cancer therapy, and has increasingly become a research focus. This study was designed to isolate and purify a novel anti-clotting protein component from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus, and to explore its physico-chemical properties and biological activity.

METHODSThe venom of Agkistrodon was isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose Fast Flow, molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G75, SP-Sepharose Fast Flow and molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G50. We detected the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of the eluant to select the anti-clotting protein component of interest. The molecular weight was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamid gel electrphoresis (SDS-PAGE) and liquid chromatography. Its protein content was detected by bicinchoninic acid (BCA).

RESULTSSDS-PAGE vertical gel electrophoresis showed that the anticoagulant factor is a tripolymer composed of three proteins whose molecular weights are 25 KDa, 30 KDa and 50 KDa. The factor contains about 65% percent protein.

CONCLUSIONSA novel anti-clotting protein component was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and molecular sieve filtration from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus and was found to be composed of three kinds of proteins.

Agkistrodon ; metabolism ; Animals ; Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Crotalid Venoms ; chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Proteins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVEThe purpose was to analyze the effects of three sterilization methods (dry heat sterilization, steam sterilization, chemical sterilization) on the corrosion of dental fissure burs.

METHODS100 dental fissure burs were distributed to 10 groups. One was control, the burs in the other 9 groups were treated by dry heat sterilization, steam sterilization, chemical sterilization with 5, 10, 15 cycles respectively. Weight method, scanning electron microscope, micro-hardness measurement were used to analyze the corrosion of dental fissure burs.

RESULTSThe fissure burs gained their weight with cycles of sterilization. 5, 10, 15 cycles of dry heat sterilization, 10, 15 cycles of steam sterilization and 15 cycles of chemical sterilization, the weight of fissure burs were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscope showed differences on the surfaces of dental fissure burs among the three sterilization groups. After sterilization, spot or partial erosion were seen on the surface of the burs. The steam sterilization groups showed the most evident changes, followed by chemical sterilization groups and dry heat sterilization groups. X-ray energy spectrometer showed the steam sterilization groups had the largest percentage of W, followed by dry heat sterilization groups, chemical sterilization groups and control group. Fe had the opposite trends. Micro-hardness reduced after sterilization. The reduction was most clear in steam sterilization group, followed by chemical sterilization and dry heat sterilization ( P< 0.05). The difference between 5 and 10 times of steam sterilization and 5, 10, 15 times of chemical sterilization were significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between 5, 10, 15 times of dry heat sterilization (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe corrosion is most severe in steamsterilization group, followed by chemical sterilization, dry heat sterilization. Dry heat sterilization shows less corrosion.

Corrosion ; Dental Fissures ; Dental High-Speed Equipment ; Dental Instruments ; Steam ; Sterilization

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the fetal immune tolerance induction could replace the HLA typing for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

METHODSImmune tolerance of SD rats was induced by injecting host Wistar rats peripheral blood mononuclear cells into yolk sac of the embryo, afterward the mature male offsprings were used as donor. The host female recipients received lethal dose irradiation and bone marrow transplantation(BMT). The Wistar rats transplanted with bone marrow from donor and unrelated SD rats as well as the rats which received radiation alone were used as control. The survival, histopathologically GVHD, the mental status, food and water intake, coat characteristics, activities were observed. Forty days after BMT, autologous and allogenous skin transplantation between donor and recipient rats was performed to observe the engraftment of solid organ.

RESULTSThe survival of the rats received bone marrow grafts from the immune tolerant donor was significantly longer than that of control groups (30 day survival rates were 86.7%, 6.7%, 0%, and 0% respectively), and there was no histopathologically GVHD observed, while in the sham group, the manifestations of GVHD was clearly visible. The skin engraftment rate between the host and the immune tolerant donor was significantly higher than that among non-related rats (84.6% and 0% respectively).

CONCLUSIONThe induction of immune tolerance in embryo can overcome the HLA barrier and provide a good donor for hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation.

Animals ; Embryo, Mammalian ; immunology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Immunosuppression ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Transplantation Chimera