Diclofenac potassium delayed-sustained release pellets were prepared by double-layer coating method with ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion.The effects of release condition and pellet compositions on the in vitro drug release were evaluated.The formulation was optimized by the central composite design-response surface methodology.It was shown that the pH of the media greatly affected the in vitro drug release of the pellets while the viscosity of the media had little influence.Drug release from the pellets was related to the proportion of the inner coat to the outer coat and the amount of pore forming agent in the outer coat.The optimization of the formulation could be achieved by the central composite design-response surface methodology.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for medical costs control in China. METHODS:Based on main characteristics of the United States health service system,information asymmetry,principal-agent theory and Freedman’s consumption theory were used to analyze the advantages of restrictive relationship among doctors,hospitals and health insurance institutions in control-ling medical costs and improving the quality of diagnosis and treatment. The growth rate of medical cost,the percentage of drug ex-penditure and other aspects were compared between China and the United States;the effect of restrictive relationship on medical cost control was demonstrated. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In the United States,there are hierarchical medical system and two-way referral system;for-profit hospitals and non-profit hospitals are mutually complementary;different natures of health insur-ance system,different payment methods and strict“commercial bribe”monitoring system are carried out;doctors,hospitals and health insurance restrict each other. Not only there are many advantages in theory,but also in practice the growth rate of medical cost and the percentage of drug expenditure are superior to our country. Finally it controls the rapid growth of medical cost to a cer-tain extent. Combined with our national conditions,learning from the United States experience,restrictive relationship among doc-tors,hospitals and health insurance institutions is established to control the increase of medical cost in China through reducing infor-mation asymmetry and standardizing payment audit;establishing a scientific pattern of mixed payment;strengthening the indirect impact of the health insurance institutions on doctors and hospitals,etc.

Objective To investigate the effects of postoperative sleep deprivation on the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampi of aged rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats,aged 20 months,weighing 500-600 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) ; operation group (group O) ; sleep deprivation group (group S) ; postoperative sleep deprivation group (group OS).Sleep deprivation was induced in the rats by housing them on small platforms over water.They fell into the water if they lost muscle tone.All the rats had free access to food and water.In group OS,splenectomy was performed,and all the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation after the rats were awake.All the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation at the corresponding time point in group S.Morris water maze test was carried out at 24 h after operation.The number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region was counted after completion of Morris water maze test.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in O and OS groups,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group O,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and there was no significant difference in the numberof ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in group OS,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in group OS.Conclusion The mechanism by which postoperative sleep deprivation induces cognitive decline is not related to the expression of ChAT in hippocampi of aged rats.

Medical students will be the clinicians in the future.The medical moral education and the moral character formation will directly influence their medical careers.It is extremely important for the medical students to know basic theory of the medical moral and develop their character by strengthening the medical moral and criterion education,especially in the time of increasing conflicts between doctors and patients.

Objective:To study the characterization of NK cell line co-transfected with hSCF and hIL-15 gene.Methods:pcDNA3-hSCF and pcDNA3-hIL-15 were transfected into NK-92 cell line with LipofectAMINETM,RT-PCR was used to identify NK-92 cell which express hSCF and IL-15,the activity of supernantes was respectively assayed by TF-1 and CTLL-2 cell line. CD3, CD16, CD56, CD25, CD48, CD54, CD69 and CD95 molecules were tested by FACS.Results:We established NK-92S15 cell line which express hSCF and hIL-15 steadily, proliferation ability demonstrated it had more extensive assembling trend,growing with enough cell number,the cytotoxicity of NK-92S15 cell was decreased compared with parental cell line when incubated with rhIL-2.CD56 and CD16 showed on difference while CD25,CD48, CD54 and CD95 decreased significantly.Conclusion:The characterization of NK-92 could be changed by co-transfecting with hSCF and hIL-15 gene, which was benefit to observe the character of NK cell activation and cytotoxicity related molecules. The gene transfection of NK-92 cell made it suitable for further study.

Aim: To investigate the in vitro release behavior and pharmacokinetic characteristics of quercetinloaded mixed micelles composed of Pluronic P123/ Poloxamer 188 in rats. Methods: Polymer micelles were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. The quercetin release rate of quercetin mixed micelles was investigated by dynamic membrane dialysis technique in the physiological saline contained 1% Tween-80. The drug release curves were drawn. The results were evaluated by DD Solver. Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was employed to measure the plasma concentration of quercetin in rats after tail intravenous administration. The plasma concentration-time curves were drawn, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with PK Solver. Results: The entrapment efficiency (EE%) and loading efficiency (DL%) of mixed micelles was (94. 25 ± 2. 13)% and (8.61 ± 0. 18)%, respectively. The quercetin release rate of quercetin mixed micelles in the physiological saline contained 1% Tween-80 was (52.90 ± 1.08)%. The quercetin mixed micelles could be described by Higuchi model and expressed by the equation; F = 6. 735 t0.5 (Rsqr-adj = 0. 960 4, AlC = 75. 584 0). T1/2β, AUC0.4 and MRT0-inf of quercetin mixed micelles were calculated to be 1.2,1.5 and 2. 4 times of free quercetin, respectively. Conclusions: The quercetin-loaded mixed micelles have high entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency, which can improve the release behavior in vitro, prolong the time of quercetin, and significantly enhance the fraction of bioavailability of quercetin in rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk and perioperative nutritional support status in the gastrointestinal cancer surgical patients.Methods Adult inpatients from the gastrointestinal cancer surgery department of our hospital were consecutively enrolled from May to September 2010.Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 ( NRS 2002) was performed at admission,and data of the nutritional support and complications during hospitalization were collected.The relationship between nutritional risk and postoperative complications was analyzed.ResultsA total of 195 patients were eligible.At admission,43.6％ (85/195) patients were at riskOf the patients at risk,totally 11.7％ (10/85) patients received preoperative nutritional support,and 100％ (85/85) patients received postoperative nutritional support; of the patients not at risk,no patients received preoperative nutritional support,and 84.5％ (93/110) patients received postoperative nutritional support.The overall rates of postoperative complications were 19.1％ ( 13/68 ) in the patients at risk while 7.1％ (9/127 )in the patients not at risk ( P =0.02).ConclusionsNutritional risk in gastrointestinal cancer surgical patients was high.The application of nutritional support was inappropriate in these patients.The nutritional risk is associated with higher postoperative complications.Dissemination of evidence-based guidelines should be enhanced.

BACKGROUND: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs is one of the severe complications of total hip replacement (THR)during the perioperative period. The incidence rate was high. The effect of primary disease on the DVT after THR in the elderly remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of primary disease on DVT after THR in the elderly.METHODS: 147 cases with unilateral THR aged 64-93 years, were included and divided into two groups. Fracture group contained 68 cases, which of them were all traumatic femoral neck fracture ones. Osteopathia group contained 79 cases, and they had no traumatic injury. We selected total hip prostheses according to their physiological age, preoperative socialization ability,substantia ossea and life expectancy. Biological prosthesis in 5 cases and mixed prosthesis in 12 cases were used, while the others used bone cement prosthesis. If the patient had pain and/or swelling on the injured limb, with or without Homans/Neuhofs sign, we did the pressurized ultrasonic Doppler to examine whether the patient had got DVT.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the fracture group, 32 cases had swelling in the injured limbs, and 20 cases with pain, 15 cases with Homans/Neuhofs sign, and 29 DVT cases were confirmed by the pressurized ultrasonic Doppler. One femoral neck fracture case of THR had no DVT clinical signs and was dead 17 days later. The autopsy found that it was an mixed type combined of pulmonary embolism; Osteopathia group: 20 cases had swelling in the injured limbs, and 11 cases of pain, 9 cases of Homans/Neuhofs sign, 20 DVT cases were confirmed by the pressurized ultrasonic Doppler. The blood coagulation state was greater, and the incidence rate of DVT in the lower limbs was greater in the fracture group compared with osteopathia group (P ＜ 0.05). These indicated that femoral neck fracture is a high risk factor for DVT development in lower limb affer THR in the elderly.

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine albumin (CMLs), a primary advanced glycation end products (AGEPs) isoform in diabetic body, on the function and angiogenesis of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and the protective effect of Danhong Injection (DH). METHODS Human ADSCs were cultured and separated from human subcutaneous fatty tissue using enzymatic digestion and centrifugation. The morphology was observed using optical microscope and differentiation capacities assessed. Cells were exposed to 5 different interventions respectively for 24 h, i.e., PBS, 60 1 microg/mL BSA, 60 microg/mL CML-BSA, 100 microL/mL DH, and 60 micro./mL CML-BSA +100 microL/mL DH. Their effect on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and secretion were observed using WST-1 assay, Transwell assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI flow meter test reagent kit, human VEGF reagent kit, ELISA reagent kit, respectively. The effect on ADSCs angiogenesis was observed by in vitro angiogenesis test.

RESULTSCompared with the BSA group, the capacities of proliferation and migration could be significantly inhibited by CML-BSA, the apoptosis promoted, the secretion of VEGF reduced, and the angiogenesis of ADSCs weakened (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, 100 microL/mL DH could significantly promote the proliferation and migration capacities of ADSCs, inhibit apoptosis of ADSCs, increase the secretion of VEGF, and improve the angiogenesis of ADSCs (P < 0.05). Compared with the CML-BSA group, the inhibition of CML-BSA on the proliferation and migration capacities of ADSCs could be significantly reversed, the promotion of CML-BSA on the apoptosis of ADSCs improved, the secretion of VEGF increased, and the angiogenesis of ADSCs elevated (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONclusion CMLs could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration capacities of ADSCs, promote their apoptosis, and inhibit their angiogeneses, which could be improved by DH.

Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

Both sides of the picornavirus genome have 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) and 3'- untranslated region (3'UTR). This study demontrated that both the 5'-and 3'-UTR can form complex structures, such as stem-loop, clover and pseudoknot structure, These structures play an important role in the regulaton of the replication and translation of the viruses. This article reviewed the progress of research on the structure and function of picornavirus' 3'-UTR over recent years.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Picornaviridae ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Picornaviridae Infections ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism