Rotavirus(RV) is the leading pathogen of acute gastroenteritis in children,accounting for approximately 5 ％ of deaths worldwide.By now,no specific antiviral treatment is available for rotavirus infection.The duration of passive immunization is shorter than active,so oral immunoglobulin for prevention and treatment of rotavirus might not be the best strategy.Currently,two rotavirus vaccines-Rotarix and RotaTeq are licensed and used in many countries,and they have been recognized as powerful weapons to combat deaths from acute gastroenteritis.The trials of interventions,such as oral rehydration,zinc preparations,probiotics and nitazoxanide are testified to be effective for some young children with acute gastroenteritis.This paper reviews the progress of prevention and treatment of rotavirus infections in children.

Objective: To study the treatment effect of compound ovalbumin proteolysis liquid (COPL) on the hypoproteinemia in dogs and rats. Methods: Ligation of common bile duct was performed to induce the cholestasis in 25 female and 25 male beagle dogs. One hundred and fifty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were first given phenobarbital sodium (i. g.) for 1 week, then they were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 40%-50%, 1.25 ml/kg, i. p. , twice a week) combined with edible alcohol (10%) for 8 weeks. Another 150 male SD rats received exairesis operation of right kidney, and then were treated with adriamycin twice (5 and 3 mg/kg, i. p. on the first and forth week after operation, respectively). The serum levels of serum albumin (SAB), total serum protein (TSP), alanine transaminase(ALT), total bilirubin (TB), creatinine (Cr), and urinary nitrogen (UN) were observed. Animals with SAB level lower than 30 g/L were taken as successful model. The model animals were randomly divided into 5 groups, model control group, 3 COPL treatment groups (low, middle and high dose groups) and non-fat milk group. After treatment for 2 weeks, the animals were killed and the sera were collected for detection of these parameters again. Results: The levels of SAB were significantly increased (P<0.05,P<0.01) in meddle and high dose COPL groups and the levels of ALT were significantly decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01) in all the 3 COPL groups in all the 3 hypoproteinemia models. Other indices had no significant changes (P>0.05). Conclusion: COPL has satisfactory effect on the hypoproteinemia both in the dogs and rats. Moreover, it has protective effect on the hepatic function.

High mobility group protein A1 ( HMGA1 ) are members of a superfamily of non-histone chromatin proteins,which exist widely in eukaryotic nuclei and are mainly involved in transcriptional regulation of gene expression.Recent researches show that almost all human malignant tumors have abnormal expression of HMGA1,which may have an important role in the development of cancer,but the exact mechanism is not clear yet.In cancer research,transfection system which constructed on the basis of HMGA1 will have potential value,and also could shed some light on the treatment of cancer.

Individualized Quality Control Plan ( IQCP) is a method of quality control for total testing process.In January 2016, the United States formally adopted the IQCP instead of the original equivalent quality control.This article will introduce how to establish and implement IQCP in the laboratory , and discuss the common problems in the process of its application .

International Standard for Medical Laboratories Accreditation demanded monitoring the quality of the total testing process (TFP).Recently, the errors in the analysis phase had been effectively controlled, while the errors in pre-and post-analytical phases still remained comparably high, and became the major factors influencing the TTP quality.Thus, monitoring and improving the quality of the extraanalytical phases became the major challenge.Monitoring the TTP quality required the laboratory staff to extend the quality management to the influential elements outside the laboratory.In addition, it also prompted the organizers of external quality assessment (EQA) in China to provide a quality assurance program for extra-analytical phases.The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) had developed a model of quality indicators.The Q-Probes and Q-Tracks programs of the College of American Pathologists provided a good practice of monitoring and improving quality for the extraanalytical phases.Based on the related international guidelines, the QIs system was established for quality management and control in clinical laboratory, so as to manage EQA of extra-analytical phases.

At present,HbA1c is regarded as the gold standard in of the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.Point-of-care HbA1c testing is popular used in China,however,the quality assurance of POCT HbA1c lags behind that of central laboratory HbA1c testing.The quality assurance strategy for POCT HbA1c must be taken into consideration.Strategies should include risk management,personnel evaluation,troubleshooting system,quality control,proficiency testing,method validation and calibration.

[Objective] To observe analgesic action produced by electvoacupuncture (EA) of different intensity in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats. [Methods] AA rat models were induced and the rats were randomized into 3 groups: group A, group B and group C. Group A and group B were treated with EA on points of Kunlun (BL60) and Yangtingquan (GB34) at the same wave type and wave frequency but at different electric current (3.5mA and 5.5mA respectively). Group C was performed with mimic EA. Pain threshold (PT) in the three groups before and after EA was observed. [Results] After EA, PT of the affected limb in group A and group B was increased (P0.05). [Conclusion] Analgesic action of EA at the same wave type and wave frequency while at different electric current is different: analgesic action at middle-intensity current is superior to that at large-intensity current; its possible mechanism is related to the participation of central nervous system.

Histological variants of papillary carcinoma are numerous,and most variants have the same clinical behavior with classical PTC.Howwver prognosis of a few variants are poor,such as Tall cell variant,Columnar cell variant,Solid/Trabecular variant etc.There are some controversy in the diagnosis of some variants.For example,Follicular variant is easily misdiagnosed as Follicular adenoma,Clear cell variant ma y beconfused with Renal cell carcinoma.Moreover,there are some divergences about proportion of cell and cell height in diagnosis of Tall cell variant,and so on.

Optogenetics is a technology invented by Boyden in 2005 that allows targeted, fast control of precisely defined events in neural system. It was widely used in Parkinson disease and emotional neural circuit studies. Optogenetics was selected by Nature Methods for method of the year 2010. This paper reviews on the research advances and applications of optogenetics.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of solvent residues in faeces bombycis extract by GC .Meth-ods: A GC-headspace injection method was adopted to detect the residual organic solvents in the extract of faeces bombycis .A DB-5MS (30 m ×0.25 mm ×0.25 μm) quartz capillary column was used as the chromatographic column;nitrogen was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 0.6 ml· min-1;the injector temperature was 200℃;the detector was a flame ionization detector( FID) with the temperature of 250℃;the temperature program included two phases:the initial temperature was set at 40℃for 10 min, and then risen to 200℃at a rate of 5℃· min-1 and maintained for 5 min;the equilibrium temperature of headspace was 95℃;the equilibrium time was 30 min;the capillary temperature was 110℃;the injection ring temperature was 125℃.Results:The linear range of acetone , 2, 3-dimethylpentane, 3-methylhexane, heptane, 2,2-dimethylhexane, p-xylene, m-xylene, O-xylene and 2,4,6-collidine was 101-3 034μg· ml-1 , 100-2 995 μg· ml-1 , 107-3 197 μg· ml-1 , 101-3 019 μg· ml-1 , 99-2 962 μg· ml-1 , 45-1 358 μg· ml-1 , 44-1 325μg· ml-1, 47-1 411 μg· ml-1 and 104-3 130 μg· ml-1, respectively, and the average r was all above 0.992.The recovery of the method met the requirement , and the blank solvent showed no interference .Eight samples were all accordance with the requirements after the examination .Conclusion:The headspace injection method for the determination of residual organic solvents in the extract of faeces bombycis is simple and reliable .