Objective To investigate the treatment effect and some related fators of the improved lacrimal duct flushing technique for the adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis in the primary hospital.Methods Fifty -seven adult patients (fifty -seven eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis received the improved lacrimal duct flushing treatment.Fifty -seven patients were divided into two groups according to the first time to see a doctor and receive the improved lacrimal duct flushing treatment cooperated with drug application and assistant therapies.The effect and safety of the treatment and some related factors were analyzed.Results There was no statistical difference between the overall efficency of the two groups(A group 76.2%,B group 72.2%,χ2 =0.108,P =0.987 >0.05).The innero-cular pressures showed no statistical difference between pre -treatment and 1 month after treatment(the pre -treat-ment innerocular pressure:18.470,the post -treatment innerocular pressure:18.512,t =-0.315,P =0.754 >0.05).The correlation analysis between the conditions of lacrimal passages and treatment effect(r =0.814,r2 =0.663,P =0.002 <0.05),between the germiculture of the discharge of lacrimal sac and treatment effect(r =0.814, r2 =0.663,P =0.000 <0.05) showed statistical significance.Conclusion The improved lacrimal duct flushing technique cooperated with drug application and assistant therapies is safe and well effective to the adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis in the early stage.

Calmodulin,as an important signaling regulatory protein,widely exists in eukaryotic cells and participates in a variety of physiological activities.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical neurodegenerative diseasemostly affecting the old people.Senile plaques (SP) caused by amyloid protein deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NTF) caused by over-phosphorylation of Tau protein in the brain are the two major neuropathological hallmarks of AD.Neuronal apoptosis induced by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis also plays a significant role during this pathological process.Recent studies have found that calcium and its downstream receptor,calmodulin,are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progress of Alzheimer's disease.This article reviews the current development and the latest research progress on the effects of calmodulin on β-amyloid protein generation and deposition,neurofibrillary tangle formation,synaptic plasticity in AD around the world,comprehensively discusses the role of calmodulin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

The paper states the superiority of optimizing the teaching effect of clinical medicine by making use of information technology,analyzes the problems of information technology in optimizing the classroom teaching of clinical medicine,discusses the strategy of teaching with information technology in the aspect of classroom teaching structure,and thus reaches the effect of improving teaching efficiency and quality.

Objective To report the first case of ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome in China. Methods The clinical data, transmission electron microscopic examination and immunohistochemical analysis of this patient were evaluated. Results The patient was a 3-year-old girl who presented increased skin fragility with trauma-induced, blisters and erosions, combined with short and sparse hair, finger-and toe-nail dystrophy and palmoplantar keratoderma. Transmission electron microscopy showed a loss of keratinocyte-keratinocyte adhesion, widening of intercellular spaces and a reduced number of hypoplastic desmosomes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a complete absence of staining for plakophilin 1. Conclusion Ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by clinical manifestations as well as electron microscopic features and immunohistochemical evidence.

Objective To evaluate arterial reconstruction of traumatic iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in parenteral drug abusers.Methods Data of 21 consecutive patients who presented with iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm with the diameter ranging from 3.0 cm～7.5 cm secondary to parenteral drug abuse from 2004 to 2007 were analyzed.Fifteen patients were male and the median age was 3 1.3 years.the aneurysm involved the common femoral artery and distal external iliac artery.Autologous greater saphenous vein was used as a graft for arterial reconstruction after iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm excision through a single curved inguinal incision.Results The surgical procedure was successful in all 21 eases without intraoperative mortality and severe complications.All the 21 patients were free of postoperative claudication symptoms except 1 case with preoperative popliteal artery stenosis.Wound infection and tissue fistula developed in one ease.Ingunal incisional hematoma and cutaneous abnormal sensation developed in one each eases.Conclusions The use of autologous greater saphenous venous grafts for aaefial reconstruction after false aneurysm excision in drug abusers is safe and effective.The harvest of the greater saphenous vein is precondition of this precedure.These preliminary results indicate that the implementation of this technique offers advantages compared with the artery ligation alone without revascularization,that is frequently associated with later intermittent claudication.

Objective To develop a mental maturity test for adults.Methods On the basic of correlative theories,the structure of Adults Mental Maturity was established by using interview and exploratory factors analysis. The reliability and validity of this test were examined. Results Through exploratory factor analysis the test was of six factors self-insight, social cognition, emotion management, social contact style, adapting ability, loving ability. The reliability of test was 0.621～0.853, and the retest reliability was 0.431～0.831. Conclusion The test of mental maturity for adults is of better reliability and validity, and can be used in practice.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin type A injection and acupuncture on periorbital wrinkles.Methods From May to September in 2015,24 patents were randomly divided into experimental and control group according to random number table:the patients in experimental group were treated with disposable acupuncture needles,20 min for each treatment,once a day,five times each course for courses,2 days interval between the two courses;the patients in control group were treated with 20 units of hotulinum toxin type A injection.The therapeutic results were observed 2 weeks after the treatment by the third-party doctor according to skin wrinkles grading.Results The periorbital wrinkles in both groups improved remarkably,and the wrinkle grading in control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (0.67±0.67 vs 1.33±0.61,P＜0.05).The skin quality and facial expression sensation in the experimental group improved significantly when compared with those in the control group.Conclusions Acupuncture can be used as a complementary treatment of periorbital wrinkles,and it improves the skin quality in terms of elasticity and color and keeps the natural facial expression sensation.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellcontent is less under normal conditions, and easily confounded with other cells. Therefore, to establish a simple feasible in vitro cultured amplification method and to obtain a large number of stable bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are of important theoretical significance and application value. OBJECTIVE:To establish a simple feasible in vitro culture and amplification method and to obtain numerous stable bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in vitro using density gradient centrifugation and adherence separation screening. cellmorphological changes were observed under an inverted light microscope. Submicroscopic structure of cells was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Living cellnumber was counted using Trypan blue exclusion method. cellgrowth curve was drawn. cellcycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. The expression of c-kit and CD45 was measured using immunocytochemistry. CD45 expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) celladhesion and pseudopodia could be seen under an inverted light microscope at 24 hours after inoculation;cellcolony formed at 4 days;90%cellconfluence was found at 14 days. After passage, the cells were tended to homogenous and became fibroblast-like cells, which showed whirl-like growing or flamboyancy growing. (2) The size of passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was smal and nucleolus was large, with clear nucleoli under a transmission electron microscope, with the presence of sparse chromatin and low electron density. There was microvil us on the surface of cells, abundant ribosomes could be seen in the cytoplasm with few other cellular organs such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi complex. These showed that ultrastructural structure had undifferentiated features. (3) The number of passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was reduced at 1 day after inoculation. The cells began to grow at 2 days, and entered the period of exponential growth at 3 days, entered the flat period at 7 days and the number of cells began to decrease at 9 days. Growth curve exhibited“S”shape. (4) The percentage of S phase cells was 21.1%as detected by flow cytometry after passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were stained by DNA. (5) Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry had proved that the c-kit positive rate of cells was 53.3%and CD45 positive rate was 1.68%. (6) After osteogenic induction of mesenchymal stem cells for 16 days, cells became oval, and short processes connected each other. The cytoplasm was dark, suggesting that it may be rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. They can secrete osteoid. Results verified that obtained bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stably grew, and actively proliferated.

BACKGROUND:With the consumption of acidic beverages, dental erosion becomes more serious. Erosion is related to direct loss of dental hard tissue, and causes dental over-abrasion, thus great threatening the dental health.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research work on the erosion of human teeth, erosion prevention, and teeth remineralization.
METHODS:A computer-based online retrieval of CNKI, Elsevier and Wiley databases between 1990 and 2013 was performed for articles abut human teeth erosion, erosion prevention and teeth remineralization. After repeated or old literatures were excluded, 58 literatures were included in the analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Current studies on dental erosion included three aspects, firstly, clinical observation of the symptoms and cause of dental erosion;secondly, the erosiveness of common acidic agents;and thirdly, the prevention of dental erosion. Many researchers focused on the prevention of dental erosion. It was suggested that dental erosion could be prevented through adjusting and control ing oral environment, enhancing the erosiveness of acidic beverages, and increasing the anti-erosion capacity of teeth. It should be noted that tooth erosion and friction/wear often occur simultaneously in the mouth. Therefore, future research should pay attention to the interaction mechanism of erosion, friction and wear of human teeth.

BACKGROUND:Whether a long-term use of acid-suppressive medication for over 3 years can increase the risk of fractures, remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To systematical y review the effect of acid-suppressive medication on fracture risk.
METHODS:Clinical trials about the relationship of acid-suppressive medication use and risk of osteoporosis-related fractures were searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and CNKI database. We also manual y searched some published and unpublished references. Study selection and assessment, data col ection and analyses were undertaken by two reviewers independently. The Cochrane Col aboration’s RevMan 5.0 software was used for data analyses.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After a comprehensive search, 11 original clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis, including 3 nested case-control studies, 5 case-control studies, and 3 cohort studies. Patients with fractures were more likely than controls to have previously received supply of proton pump inhibitors [odds ratio (OR)=1.29, 95%confidence interval (CI) (1.18-1.41), P<0.001]. The meta-analysis did not find a significant difference in the patients who received H2 receptor antagonists [OR=1.10, 95%CI (0.99-1.23), P=0.34]. A long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of fracture in elderly persons already at a risk for osteoporosis.