BACKGROUNDPreconditioning with remifentanil confers cardioprotection. Since Ca(2+) overload is a precipitating factor of injury, we determined the effects of remefentanil on intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) and its transients induced by electrical stimulation and caffeine, which reflects Ca(2+) handling by Ca(2+) handling proteins, in rat ventricular myocytes.

METHODSFreshly isolated adult male Sprague-Dawley rat myocytes were loaded with Fura-2/AM and [Ca](i) was determined by spectrofluorometry. Remifentanil at 0.1 - 1000 microg/L was administered. Ten minutes after administration, either 0.2 Hz electrical stimulation was applied or 10 mmol/L caffeine was added. The [Ca(2+)](i), and the amplitude, time resting and 50% decay (t(50)) of both transients induced by electrical stimulation (E [Ca(2+)](i)) and caffeine (C [Ca(2+)](i)) were determined.

RESULTSRemifentanil (0.1 - 1000.0 microg/L) decreased the [Ca(2+)](i) in a dose-dependent manner. It also decreased the amplitude of both transients dose-dependently. Furthermore, it increased the time to peak and t(50) of both transients dose-dependently.

CONCLUSIONRemifentanil reduced the [Ca(2+)](i) and suppressed the transients induced by electrical stimulation and caffeine in rat ventricular myocytes.

Animals ; Caffeine ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Stimulation ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Background/Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and fatty liver (FL) often co-exist, but natural history data of this dual condition (CHB-FL) are sparse. Via a systematic review, conventional meta-analysis (MA) and individual patient-level data MA (IPDMA), we compared liver-related outcomes and mortality between CHB-FL and CHB-no FL patients. Methods: We searched 4 databases from inception to December 2021 and pooled study-level estimates using a random- effects model for conventional MA. For IPDMA, we evaluated outcomes after balancing the two study groups with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) on age, sex, cirrhosis, diabetes, ALT, HBeAg, HBV DNA, and antiviral treatment. Results: We screened 2,157 articles and included 19 eligible studies (17,955 patients: 11,908 CHB-no FL; 6,047 CHB-FL) in conventional MA, which found severe heterogeneity (I2=88–95%) and no significant differences in HCC, cirrhosis, mortality, or HBsAg seroclearance incidence (P=0.27–0.93). IPDMA included 13,262 patients: 8,625 CHB-no FL and 4,637 CHB-FL patients who differed in several characteristics. The IPTW cohort included 6,955 CHB-no FL and 3,346 CHB-FL well-matched patients. CHB-FL patients (vs. CHB-no FL) had significantly lower HCC, cirrhosis, mortality and higher HBsAg seroclearance incidence (all p≤0.002), with consistent results in subgroups. CHB-FL diagnosed by liver biopsy had a higher 10-year cumulative HCC incidence than CHB-FL diagnosed with non-invasive methods (63.6% vs. 4.3%, p<0.0001). Conclusions IPDMA data with well-matched CHB patient groups showed that FL (vs. no FL) was associated with significantly lower HCC, cirrhosis, and mortality risk and higher HBsAg seroclearance probability.

OBJECTIVETo identify the phenotype and immune function of dendritic cells derived from HBV-related HCC patients's peripheral blood monocytes pulsed with soluble tumor antigen, and their relation to immune escape.

METHODSPeripheral blood monocytes were isolated from 18 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, 11 HBV-related liver cirrhosis patients (LC) and 10 health blood donors; DCs were induced in the completed medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4. The morphology of DCs was studied using a confocal microscope and scanning electronic microscope, and the phenotype of DCs were detected by flow cytometric analysis. The mixed leucocyte reaction test was employed to determine the stimulatory capacity of DCs before and after being pulsed with soluble tumor antigen (prepared from HCCLM6 cell line). IL-12 ELISA kit was used to investigate IL-12 secretion of DCs in the supernate of MLR.

RESULTSThe amount of PBMC and DCs was significantly lower in LC and HCC compare to those in the healthy subjects; the expression levels of HLA-DR, CD1a, CD80 and CD86 on DC surfaces were lower in LC and HCC patients than those of the healthy group; the stimulating capacity of DC in MLR and levels of IL-12 in supernate of MLR were also lower in LC and HCC, but were enhanced after tumor antigen pulsed in all three groups, particularly in the LC group; the secretion of IL-12 in MLR supernate was still lower than that of the healthy group.

CONCLUSIONThe phenotype and function defects of DC derived from PBMC of LC and HCC patients might play a key role in immune escape in HBV infection and HCC. The function of DC of LC patients can be enhanced after the tumor was antigen-pulsed.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; immunology ; virology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; virology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms ; immunology ; virology ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

OBJECTIVETo introduce a new prefabricated flap with matched colour, texture, thin enough thickness, large enough dimension and reliability for reconstruction of massive defect of face and neck.

METHODSThe patients with massive scar of face and neck were selected for treatment with prefabricated flap. Flap prefabrication involved two stages. The "sandwich" structure including the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels and surrounding muscle fascia was harvested from the thigh and anastomosed to superior thyroid artery or facial vessels. Flap prefabrication was performed by inserting the fascia flap between the cervicothoracic skin and the tissue expander placed beneath the skin. After a period of expansion, the flap was transferred to the recipient site based on the implanted vessels. The results including complications were examined during follow-up.

RESULTSNine patients received this treatment. The average dimensions of fascia flap harvested was 6.3 cm x 11.2 cm. After mean interval of 16.7 weeks, the expanders were filled to a mean volume of 1670cc. The size of prefabricated flap ranged from 12 cm x 15 cm to 15 cm x 32 cm. In all cases, the flap efficiently covered the entire defect of the face and neck, and the donor site of the flap is closed primarily. All of the flaps developed venous congestion in some degree after the second operation. Partial flap necrosis occurred in two cases. Three flap was thinned to contour the bulky pedicle. During follow-up, the transferred flap was matched well to the adjacent skin. The reconstructed face restored nature contour and expression. Muscle weakness or paraesthesia was not found in the donor thigh.

CONCLUSIONSCervicothoracic Prefabricated Flap, is reliable and versatile in the reconstruction of massive soft tissue deficits with restoration nature surface and expression of the face and neck.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Face ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Thorax ; Tissue Expansion ; Young Adult

Adult ; Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; complications ; therapy ; Critical Care ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Patient Positioning ; Pneumonia, Viral ; complications ; therapy ; Prone Position ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; therapy ; virology ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Methods: Patients who received single-level ADR or CS between January 2008 and December 2018 were included. Data collected was preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively (6, 12, 24 months). Demographic information, surgical information, complications, follow-up surgery, and outcome ratings (Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA], Neck Disability Index [NDI], Visual Analog Scale [VAS] neck and arm, 36-item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36], EuroQoL-5 Dimension [EQ-5D]) were gathered. The radiological assessment included motion segment height, adjacent disc height, lordosis, cervical lordosis, T1 slope, the sagittal vertical axis C2–7, and adjacent level ossification development (ALOD). Results: Fifty-eight patients were included (ADR: 37 and CS: 21). At 6 months, both groups’ JOA, VAS, NDI, SF-36, and EQ-5D scores significantly improved, and the positive trends persisted at 2 years. Noted no significant difference in the enhancement of clinical scores except for the VAS arm (ADR: 5.95 vs. CS: 3.43, p =0.001). Radiological parameters were comparable except for the progression of ALOD of the subjacent disc (ADR: 29.7% vs. CS: 66.9%, p =0.02). No significant difference in adverse events or severe complications seen. Conclusions ADR and CS obtain good clinical results for symptomatic single-level cervical DDD. ADR demonstrated a significant advantage over CS in the improvement of VAS arm and reduced progression of ALOD of the adjacent lower disc. No statistically significant difference of dysphonia or dysphagia between the two groups were seen, attributed to their comparable zero profile.

Autoantibodies ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Singapore/epidemiology*

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the only well-established home-based dialysis therapy in Singapore. As it is a home-based modality, PD should be considered as a preferred mode of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) for patients with kidney failure during this COVID-19 pandemic as it avoids frequent visits to hospitals and/or satellite dialysis centres. The highly infectious nature of this virus has led to the implementation of the Disease Outbreak Response System Condition orange status in Singapore since early February 2020. This paper summarises the strategies for management of several aspects of PD in Singapore during this COVID-19 pandemic, including PD catheter insertion, PD training, home visit and assisted PD, outpatient PD clinic, inpatient management of PD patients with or without COVID-19 infection, PD as KRT for COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury, management of common complications in PD (peritonitis and fluid overload), and management of PD inventory.
Ambulatory Care/methods* ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Home Care Services ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infection Control/methods* ; Pandemics ; Peritoneal Dialysis/methods* ; Self Care/methods* ; Singapore/epidemiology*