Antigen challenge of sensitized isolated guinea-pig mesentery perfused under constant pressure resulted in a significant flow reduction which was induced by the release of leukotrienes bioassayed on guinea-pig ileum. 3 min after challenge, the mescnteric perfusion rate dropped to a minimum of 32?12% ( P

Multimodal fundus imaging techniques, based on lights and shadows, appear to have a rapidly great progress in recent years.Fundus imaging techniques are divided into anatomical approaches and functional approaches according to the working characteristics and principle of different instruments.Nowadays, fundus imaging techniques are developing toward a wide field, microview, multimodal, quantitative, and intelligent way.However, to our knowledge, the fundus is very broad with many unexplored territories and unsolved mysteries until now.The road of clinical industrialization of emerging imaging techniques is still long, and there is also a potential challenge in the application of artificial intelligence deep learning in ophthalmology.Multimodal fundus imaging techniques are beneficial for us to accurately diagnose and dynamically monitor eye diseases, but with so many examination methods, how to choose a highly sensitive and specific way to avoid the waste of medical resources and reduce unnecessary financial burden of patients is the responsibility of ophthalmologists.

Acupuncture Points ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Facial Paralysis ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Child ; Cough ; chemically induced ; Disinfectants ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Irritants ; adverse effects ; Male

Objective: To study the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in papillary renal cell cancer (PRCC) and clear cell renal cell cancer (CC-RCC) and the correlation between each other. Methods: The expressions of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF in PRCC (n=13), CC-RCC tissues (n=20) and normal renal tissues (n=10) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The difference and correlation between each group were compared and analyzed. Results: The positive rates of HIF-1 alpha in PRCC, CC-RCC, and normal renal tissues were 38.46%, 85%, and 0%, respectively. There was significant difference between the three groups (P < 0.05). The positive rate of VEGF in PRCC, CC-RCC and normal renal tissues were 76.92%, 80%, and 10%, respectively. There was no significant difference between PRCC and CC-RCC. But the difference between renal cancer tissues and normal renal tissues was significant (P < 0.05). Expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF had no correlation in PRCC tissues but had positive correlation in CC-RCC tissues. Conclusion: HIF-1 alpha is weakly expressed and VEGF is over-expressed in PRCC tissues. The expressions of HIF-1alpha and VEGF have no correlation. It suggests that the pattern of tumor angiogenesis in PRCC was different with CC-RCC.

Objective To assess the anticonvulsant effect of midazolam, thiopental and propofol on the convulsion induced by ropivacaine in rats and the underlying mechanism.Methods Fifty male SD rats, 4-6 months of age, weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into five groups of 10 animals each : (1) control group (C); (2) ropivacaine group; (R) (3) midazolam-ropivacaine group (MR); (4) thiopental-ropivacaine group (SR) and (5) propofol-ropivacaine group (PR) . In control group normal saline 2 ml was infused i.v. . In ropivacaine group (R) 0.75% ropivacaine was infused i.v. at 0.5 ml?min-1 until convulsion occurred. In midazolam - ropivacaine group (MR) midazolam 0.23 mg?kg-1 was injected i.v. 3 min before 0.75% ropivacaine infusion. In SR and PR groups thiopental 2 mg?kg-1 or propofol 1 mg?kg-1 was injected i.v. 1 min before 0.75% ropivacaine infusion. As soon as convulsion occurred ropivacaine infusion was stopped. The animals were decapitated and their brains were removed and kept in liquid nitrogen for determination of the contents of excitatory ammo-acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) and the inhibitory amino-acids [glycine and ?-amino butyric acid (GABA)] by high-performance liquid chromatography . The amount of ropivacaine infused in each group was recorded and calculated.Results The dose of ropivacaine needed to produce convulsion was 4.6?0.5 mg?kg-1 in group R and was significantly increased in the 3 groups pretreated with general anesthetics and was 2.96 times the dose in group R in MR group, 2.84 times in SR group and 1.54 times in PR group. The 4 amino-acid concentrations in the brain were significantly higher in group R than in control group. Compared to group R the Asp, Gly and GABA concentrations were significantly lower in group MR and PR but in group SR only Asp concentration was significantly lower. There was no significant difference in glutamic acid concentration among the4 roopivacaine groups (group 2-5).Conclusion Midazolam, thiopental and propofol can all increase the dose of ropivacaine needed to induce convulsion and midazolam and thiopental are more effective than propofol.

Angiopoietins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Pericytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Objective We aimed to study the optimal method for local compression following removal of needle after intravenous injection and protect patients' vein to the highest degree. Methods 620 patients were divided into the observation group and the control group with 310 cases in each group randomly. Comparison study was carried out by adopting interchange compression (routine method) and noninterchange compression (direct pressing with hypothenar). Results The incidence of pain, bleeding and subcutaneous stasis after removal of needle in the observation group was lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions Local compression following removal of needle with hypothenar was superior to routine compression method and it was worth applying in clinics widely.

Objective　To explore the possibility of R plasmid (pRST98) encoding resistance to antimicrobial agents in S. typhi mediate virulence to its host bacteria. Methods　pRST98 was transferred into a less virulent strain of S. typhimurium RIA for creating a transconjugant pRST98/RIA. The standard S. typhimurium virulence strain SR-11 which carries a 100kb virulence plasmid was used as a positive control, and RIA as a negative one. Infection with S. typhimurium was employed to assess the effect of pRST98 on the virulence of host bacteria by LD50 of peroral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection of BALB/c mice. After oral inoculation of the bacteria into BALB/c mice, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and liver were examined for quantity of bacteria and for the histopathological changes. The three strains were also studied for their in vitro adhesion and invasion of HEp-2, CHO and HeLa cells. Three chromosomally isogenic strains, i.e., plasmid-containing wild-type S. typhi strain, plasmid artificially cured strain and plasmid-reintroduced into the cured strain were compared for their resistance to the bactericidal activity present in human, rabbit and guinea pig sera. Results　The p.o. and i.p. LD50 of pRST98/RIA was 700 and 75 folds less than that of RIA. The bacteria counting in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and liver were more (P<0.05) and more severe histopathological changes were observed in pRST98 harboring S. typhimurium. However, pRST98 did not affect the adhesion and invasion of S. typhimurium to the cells. Experiments showed that pRST98 mediated resistance to serum bactericidal effect in host bacteria (P<0.05). Conclusion　This is the first report about a plasmid carrying genes coding for drug resistance and virulence in S. typhi. The data presented here suggested that novel virulence gene or related sequences, which are important in the pathogenesis of Salmonella infection could exist on pRST98.

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Proteomics ; methods ; trends ; Viral Proteins ; analysis ; genetics ; Viruses ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism