Objective To review the causes of exudative retinal detachment(ERD),indications of vitrectomy for ERD and its outcomes.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 57 patients with ERD received vitrectomy in EENT Hospital,Fudan Uni- versity.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical records were conducted.Main Outcome Measures Etiology,vitrectomy indica- tions and its outcomes.Results 57 cases(62 eyes)with ERD received vitrectomy.The disease distribution of vitrectomy were Coats dis- ease in 23 cases(45.2%),familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in 8 cases(12.9%),uveitis in 7 cases(11.3%),retinal hemangioma in 7 cases(11.3%),bullous retinal detachment in 6 cases(9.7%),endophthalmitis in 4 cases(6.5%)and pit of optic nerve in 2 cases(3.2%). Severe ERD and proliferative change were major indication for treatment with vitrectomy.During follow-up period,most patients gained useful vision in early stage.Follow up rate of 6 months or more was 64.9%.The recurrence of ERD was 5.4% and most patients also gained useful vision.Condusion Coats disease is the prominent cause of being treated with vitrectomy in ERD.When proliferation or vitreous hemorrhage happens or macula is involved,vitrectomy should be performed.Most patients can gain useful vision after vitrecto- my.(Ophthalmol CHN,2008,17:52-55)

BACKGROUND:No particularly effective medicine could treat human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV 1) associated dementia(HAD) at present,which mainly because the mechanism of HIV 1 infection induced neural damage and necrosis is still not completely clarified. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of human immunodeficiency virus I type(HIV 1) enveloped protein(EP) gp120 on the synaptic transmission and plasticity in hippocampal CA1 area of rat to clarify the mechanism of HAD generation. DESIGN:A paired design. SETTING:Department of Pathophysiology of Medical College of Jinan University. MATERIALS:The study was conducted in the Department of Pathophysiology(a tertiary national key laboratory of National Administration for Traditional Chinese Medicine,registration number: TCM 03 131) of the Medical College of Jinan University from January to October of 2003.Male SD rats aged between 2 and 5 weeks were used in the study. INTERVENTIONS:Brain slice perfusion and recording technique was employed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:To record the excitatory postsynaptic potential(EPSP) in hippocampal CA1 area in rat;to investigate the effects of gp120 on long term potentiation(LTP) induced by high frequency electric stimulation in Schaffer lateral branch. RESULTS:gp120 had inhibitive effect on LTP in hippocampal CA1 area in rat [the average amplitude of LTP decreased from normal (216.1± 14.0) % to(90.8± 6.0) % ,n=12,P< 0.01],but had no effect on basic EPSP.PKA/PKC protein kinase(PK) inhibitor H7 could reverse this inhibitive effect [the average amplitude of LTP was(198.8± 16.2) % ,n=8,P< 0.01]. CONCLUSION:gp120 might participate the generation of HAD through inhibiting LTP in hippocampal CA1 area.

Many studies have shown that chronic inflammation occurs in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is well known that long-term administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can alleviate the cognitive decline of AD patient and elderly. Several inflammatory cytokines produced in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) are closely related to inflammatory diseases. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) play a crucial role in the AA network, the products eicosanoids have an important impact on the progression of AD. Although there are many arguments and conflicting evidence, currently LOXs and COXs are still the hot topics in the research on AD pathogenesis and drug development. Here, we review the progress in research on COXs and LOXs, including their actions on CNS and their association with AD, and explore the feasibility of LOXs and COXs as targets for the drugs to prevent and/or treat AD.

At present, China’s OTC market is developing fast and would become the largest medicine market of the world. Medicine production enterprises explored China’s market one after another. Facing up such fierce competition, it’s an arduous task for inland OTC medicine production enterprises to get market share. It analyzes the necessities and misunderstandings of China’s OTC medicine production enterprises, studies the countermeasures for China’s OTC medicine production enterprises to conduct CIS strategy by analyzing characteristics of OTC medicine and market situation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of gabapentin on Cav3.2 channels in the dorsal root ganglia ( DRG) of rats with neuropathic pain. Methods Thirty male Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 6-7 weeks, weighing 225-275 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group ( S group) , neuropathic pain group ( NP group) and gabapentin group ( G group) . In NP and G groups, neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury to the left sciatic nerve. Starting from 7th day after operation, gabapentin 100 mg∕kg in 1 ml of normal saline was injected intraper?itoneally twice a day for 7 consecutive days in group G, and the equal volume of normal saline was given twice a day for 7 consecutive days in S and NP groups. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency ( TWL) were measured on day 3 before operation and on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14. After the last measurement of pain thresholds on the postoperative day 14, 4 rats were sacrificed for determination of Cav3. 2 mRNA expression ( by real?time polymerase chain reaction) and Cav3.2 protein expression (by Western blot) in the DRG. Results Compared with S group, the MWT was significantly decreased, and TWL was significantly shortened on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14, and the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG was significantly up?regulated in group NP, and the MWT was significantly decreased, and TWL was significantly shortened on postoperative days 3 and 7 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG in group G ( P>0.05) . Compared with NP group, the MWT was significantly increased, and TWL was signif?icantly prolonged on the postoperative day 14, and the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG was significantly down?regulated in group G ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The mechanism by which gabapentin attenuates neuropathic pain may be related to inhibition of the function of Cav3.2 channels in the DRG of rats.

Objective This study explored the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting oxidative stress. Methods Primary cultured neonatal myocytes were applied to explore the anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury property in vitro. The survival viability of myocytes was determined by MTT; enzyme activities such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide were analyzed with assay kits; inducible nitricoxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expressions were determined by Westernblot. Results Tetramethylpyrazine significantly improved the beating frequencies of myocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation procedure, decreased lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and malondialdehyde levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity.Tetramethylpyrazine also inhibited excessive production of nitric oxide through downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Conclusion Tetramethylpyrazine could significantly improve the oxidative-stress tolerance of myocytes to keep cell membrane integrity and protect the myocardial tissue of normal physiological function via an antioxidant effect and by restoring the balance between inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, while inhibiting the generation of cytotoxic concentrations of NO.

Many studies have shown that chronic inflammation occurs in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is well known that long-term administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can alleviate the cognitive decline of AD patient and elderly. Several inflammatory cytokines produced in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) are closely related to inflammatory diseases. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) play a crucial role in the AA network, the products eicosanoids have an important impact on the progression of AD. Although there are many arguments and conflicting evidence, currently LOXs and COXs are still the hot topics in the research on AD pathogenesis and drug development. Here, we review the progress in research on COXs and LOXs, including their actions on CNS and their association with AD, and explore the feasibility of LOXs and COXs as targets for the drugs to prevent and/or treat AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; prevention & control ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Arachidonic Acid ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Lipoxygenases ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin H2 ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Survival Rate

Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; immunology ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Histiocytes ; immunology ; pathology ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; immunology ; pathology ; Lymphatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male

Objective To explore the differences in the expression of inhibin(INH)receptors and activin (ACT)receptors in the follicular/luteinic phase in normal human ovaries and their relationship with female endocrine hormone levels.Methods Real time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of inhibin receptors(INHR)genes,activin receptors(ACTR)genes.Serum estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),INHB,ACTA levels were determined by a solid quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique(Sandwich ELISA)in 21 women during follicular phase and another 21 women during luteinic phase,the correlations between each gene and each hormone were analyzed.Results(1)ACT type Ⅰ and Ⅱ receptors genes(ACTR Ⅰ A,ACTR Ⅰ B,ACTRⅡA,ACTR Ⅱ B)and INH receptor β-glycan genes were expressed higher in the follicular phase than in the luteinic phase:ACTR Ⅰ A(0.50±0.17 vs 0.36±0.18;P＜0.05),ACTR Ⅰ B(0.050±0.019 vs0.036±0.020;P＜0.05),ACTRⅡ A(0.10±0.04 vs 0.07±0.04;P＜0.05),ACTR Ⅱ B(0.28±0.10vs 0.19±0.11;P＜0.05),β-glycan(0.26±0.10 vs 0.17±0.09;P＜0.01).(2)The intensities of ACTR I A,ACTR Ⅱ A,β-glycan immunostaining in human normal ovaries in the follicular phase were significantly stronger compared to those in luteinic phase.In the follicular phase β-glycan expression was positively correlated with serum E2,FSH,LH,INHB levels.The correlation coefficient was 0.53(P＜0.05).0.74(P＜0.01),0.85(P＜0.01)and 0.76(P＜0.01)respectively.Conclusion In normal human ovary in the follicular phase INH and ACT bind their receptors and down-regulate or up-regulate FSH,thus influencing the follicular development.