Objective To investigate the relationship between the leptin level and neonatal weight and the expression of leptin in placenta. Methods The concentrations of leptin in 100 maternal blood and umbilical blood of the term pregnant women were examined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). According to the neonatal weight to divide into the large for gestational age (LGA) group 19 cases, the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group 65 cases, the small for gestational age (SGA) 16 cases. The level of leptin mRNA in 41 placental tissue was examined by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results (1) The expression level of leptin mRNA in placenta was 0 97?0 04, which was positively related to the neonatal weight significantly ( r =0 43, P 0 05).(3)The concentration of leptin in umbilical blood was (7 58? 5 15) ?g/L, which was positively related to the neonatal weight ( r =0 57, P

ObjectiveTo explore the optimal method of protecting bone marrow in postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy of stage Ⅱ - Ⅲ rectal cancer by comparing two techniques of intensitymodulated radiotherapy (IMRT). MethodsFifteen patients with stage Ⅱ - Ⅲ rectal cancer after surgery had CT simulation. Clinical target volume, small bowel, bladder and bone marrow were contoured. Two IMRT treatment plannings with and without bone marrow-sparing (BMS-IMRT and IMRT) were separately designed. The dose distribution was compared based on that 95％ of the planning target volume received the prescribed dose. ResultsBMS-IMRT had an advantage over IMRT in terms of conformity indices ( 1. 06∶1. 04, t =- 2. 61, P =0. 023 ), but inferior to I M RT for homogeneity indices ( 0. 81 : 0. 75, t =- 2. 34, P =0.037)).Compared with IMRT, BMS-IMRT reduced the V5, V10, V20, V30, V40 of bone marrow (97.09％∶98.72％, t=-2.34, P=0.037;92.38％∶96.46％, t=-2.41, P=0.033;83.36％∶91.70％, t=-3. 18, P=0.008;51.47％∶69.65％, t=-4.92, P=0.000;36.34％∶49.57％, t=-2.66, P =0. 021 ). The doses received by small bowel and bladder were similar between BMS-IMRT and IMRT, except that the V20 of bladder was lower in BMS-IMRT (77. 32％∶92. 39％, t =-3.52, P=0. 004). Conclusions BMS-IMRT reduces low dose volume of bone marrow without increasing dose to other risk organs.BMS-IMRT might reduce acute hematologic toxicity and increase the feasibility of postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage Ⅱ -Ⅲ rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND:Olfactory ensheathing cells can promote the repair of the central nervous system. Composite engineering materials prepared by the combination of chitosan and col agen have been widely used in the construction of tissue-engineered nerve conduits.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the repair effect of olfactory ensheathing cells and chitosan in the treatment of sciatic nerve injury in rats.
METHODS:Rat models of sciatic nerve injury were prepared. Olfactory ensheathing cells combined with chitosan scaffold were used to connect the injured sciatic nerve. In the chitosan scaffold group, only the chitosan scaffold was utilized. In the control group, no treatment was done.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 1-4 weeks fol owing surgery, sciatic functional index and motion evoked potential were monitored and histological examination was performed. Sciatic functional index was significantly improved in the olfactory ensheathing cells+chitosan scaffold group (P<0.05). Motion evoked potential was significantly lower in the olfactory ensheathing cells+chitosan scaffold group compared with other groups (P<0.001). Histological examinations showed new nerve fibers and rare inflammatory reaction in the olfactory ensheathing cells+chitosan scaffold group. These findings indicate that autologous olfactory ensheathing cells combined with chitosan scaffold exerts good repair effects on treatment of sciatic nerve injury, and can be considered as an ideal tissue engineering material.

Objective To compare the efficacy of fixed bearing(FB) and rotating bearing(RB) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for knee valgus. Methods Data of 203 cases with valgus knee deformity who had undergone TKA procedure from January 2007 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. 181 cases were primary joint replacement. They were divided into FB group and RB group. 168 patients (168 knees) were followed?up for more than 2 years. 83 cases (83 knees) were in FB group, and 85 cases (85knees) were in RB group. There were 57 males and 111 females, aged from 40 to 79 years, with an average age of 59.3 ± 7.2 years. Among them, 153 cases were osteoarthritis and 15 cases were rheumatoid arthritis. Activities of the knee , tibio?femoral angle on X?ray, Hospital for Special Surgery (Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS) knee score and the SF?36 scale scores were recorded before surgery and at the final follow?up. Results All patients were followed up for 24 to 84 months (average, 37.4 months). The average knee activities of the fixed bearing and rotating mobile bearing were from 72.8°±13.1°and 71.2°±12.8° be?fore surgery to 106.5°±9.8°and 115.4°±7.9° at final follow?up. The average tibiofemoral angle on X?ray decreased from 16.8°±5.3° and 15.2° ± 4.7° preoperatively to 5.6° ± 2.3 and 5.2° ± 2.1° at the final follow?up. The HSS knee score improved from 47.5 ± 7.1 points and 49.6±8.9 points to 89.1±4.6 points and 90.2±5.3 points at final follow?up. The SF?36 scale scores improved from 52.3± 15.4 points and 50.1±17.9 points to 81.6±12.3 points and 82.2±14.5 points at the final follow?up. At the latest follow?up, except the Range of motion, there were no statistically significant in any other indicator between two groups. Two cases appeared postoper?ative deep venous thrombosis symptoms. One case had joint stiffness early, and the symptoms improved after strengthen functional exercise. No infections, delayed knee instability, implant loosening or subsidence was found during the follow?up. Conclusion For patients with mild to moderate knee valgus, both fixed and rotating bearing with same soft tissue balance technique can improve the knee function and correct the valgus deformity, and the recent results are satisfactory.

BACKGROUND:Systemic lupus erythematosus is a kind of heterogeneous disease, and the difference of clinical features may also be the risk factors of osteonecrosis besides of treatment with glucocorticoids according to the literature. However, it remains controversial on the risk factors of osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
OBJECTIVE:To systematical y review the major risk factors of osteonecrosis in the Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
METHODS:The CNKI database, CBMdisc database and Wanfang database were retrieved for the published case-control study literatures on the risk factors of osteonecrosis in the Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The literatures met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, and a Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.0 and Stata software. Then, the pooled odd ratio and 95%confidence interval of each risk factor were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ten case-control study literatures were included involving 332 cases in the case group and 986 cases in the control group. The pooled odd ratio and 95%confidence interval of each risk factor of osteonecrosis in the Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were as fol ows:Raynaud’s
phenomenon 3.28(1.69-6.38), dental ulcer 2.95(2.13-4.09), renal involvement 1.21(0.83-1.74), vasculitis 5.64(2.84-11.21), hyperlipidemia 5.11(3.10-8.42), anti-phospholipid antibody 2.32(1.49-3.61) and joints involvement
2.02(1.33-3.07). It has been clear that the glucocorticoids is an independent risk factor of osteonecrosis in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. However, it is not the one and only risk factor. The fol owing risk factors of
vasculitis, hyperlipidemia, Raynaud’s phenomenon, dental ulcer, positive anti-phospholipid antibody and joints involvement are the risk factors of osteonecrosis in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in diagnosing lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in adult.MethodsIn a retrospective study,97 patients were enrolled,who admitted into Peking University People's Hospital with suspected LRTI from July to December 2008.During analysis,the subjects are categorized into groups of LRTI with sepsis,hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP),community-acquired pneumonia(CAP),acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease (AECOPD),other LRTI and non-infectious diseases.In these cases,the following parameters were assessed regularly,such as white blood cell count,erythrocyte sedimentation rate( ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP),PCT,bacterial culture of both sputum and blood,and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)Ⅱ score.PCT levels were determined using antibody-coated tubes as a complete diagnostic-kit (LUMI test Pro-Calcitonin) in a Luminometer.ResultsMean PCT levels in groups of LRTI with sepsis, hospital-acquired pneumonia ( HAP ), community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP ), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease( AECOPD),other LRTI,non-infectious diseases were 10.1 (0.7 -37.0),0.3(0.1 -0.8),0.2(0.1 -0.9),0.2(0.1 -0.4),0.3(0.1 -0.5),0.1 (0.1 -0.2) mg/L,respectively.There were statistical differences between these groups (H =19.898,P ＜ 0.01 ).And the PCT levels in groups of LRTI with sepsis,HAP,CAP,AECOPD,other LRTI were higher than group of non-infectious diseases ( U values were 0,18.000,81.000,20.000,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Patients with sepsis exhibited strongly higher PCT levels than patients with other lung diseases ( U values were 11.000,45.000,3.000,4.500,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Pearson correlation analysis of PCT levels with positive bacterial cultures and APACHE Ⅱ score was performed ( r =0.449).ROC analysis revealed that optimal discrimination between LRTI and non-infectious diseases could be performed at the cut-off point of 0.5 mg/L with a sensitivity of 32.6％ and specificity of 100％,while at a suggested cut-off point of 0.235 mg/L with a sensitivity of 53.9％ and specificity of 100％.Conclusions PCT is a more useful parameter for diagnosing lower respiratory tract infections( especially for those with sepsis) than other infectious markers such as CRP,ESR and white blood cell count.The sensitivity of PCT could be elevated with a reduction of the cut-off level.

Objective To investigate the effects of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) overexpression on the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8),martix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and invasion of human cervical cancer SiHa cells.Methods Chemical synthesis MIF eDNA gene,designed primer sequence including XhoI and BamHI enzyme sites,MIF gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),constructed eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1/MIF and transfected into SiHa cells using Lipofectamine and won over-expression of MIF.The expression of MIF in supernatant fluid was detected by ELISA,the expression of MIF,IL-8,MMP-9 in both mRNA and protein levels were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative-PCR and immunocytochemistry respectively.The effect of over-expressed MIF on migration was detected by Boyden small chamber.Results The expression of protein in supernatant fluid transfected with pEGFP-N1/MIF was significantly increased (Fgroup =8267.564,P ＜ 0.01),the expression of MIF,IL-8,MMP-9 in both mRNA and protein in SiHa cells transfected with pEGFP-N1/MIF were significantly increased (F values were 7019.619,2148.094,3303.540,1565.114,2807.300,523.466,P ＜ 0.01),and there was a positive correlation among MIF,IL-8,MMP-9 expression in both mRNA and protein (r values were 0.865,0.895,0.934,0.908,P ＜ 0.01).Invasion ability in SiHa cells transfected with pEGFP-N1/MIF was obviously increased (F=3430.898,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion The over-expression MIF gene in SiHa cells can promote cervical cancer cell invasion and metastasis of ability,which could be associated with the upregulation of IL-8 and MMP-9 expression.

Objective To study the method of measuring the position accuracy and the step distance accuracy of afterloading system with192Ir source by using flushing-free film.Methods The position accuracy and the step distance accuracy of a China-made afterloading system with192Ir source was measured by using GAFCHROMIC (R) EBT3 flushing-free film.The film was scanned to proper image format,required by dose analysis software,by EPSON PREFACTION V700 PHOTO scanner.Then images are analyzed by using film dose analysis software in SNC Patient 5.2.Results With focus on the center of active section of source,the position accuracy of this afterloading system with192Ir source was-0.75 mm.Using film analysis could make the step point to tell apart if the step distance was 5 mm away by the method of film analysis,but couldnot make it to tell apart if the step distance was 2.5 mm away.The 2.5 mm step distance accuracy could be judged if the distance between the 1 st point and the 3rd point was 5 mm,then the 2.5 mm step distance could be deemed to no deviation.The 5 mm step distance of this afterloading system had no deviation in continuous 9 step points measured by flushing-free film.The indirect measuring results of the 2.5 mm step distance had no deviation as well.The position accuracy of this afterloading system measured with the flushing-free film accorded with the national standards.Conclusions The method of measuring the position accuracy and the step distance accuracy of the afterloading system with192Ir source by using flushing-free film is technically feasible.

This study is to analyze and identify the water soluble components of water buffalo horn (Bubali Cornu, WBH), and also establish a method for investigating these components. Shotgun proteomic analysis identified proteins in WBH aqueous extraction: keratin, collagen, desmoglein, etc. Ultrafiltration and LC-MS/MS were used to separate and identify the peptides in WBH aqueous extract, as a result, identified peptides were mainly derived from nonspecific degradation products of keratin and collagen, which including C-terminal peptides and non C-terminal peptides. Hypoxanthine, uridine, guanosine, and adenosine were identified by comparing with the standards. The strategy in present study could be used in analyzing water soluble components of animal horn derived TCM. It provides a reference for investigation of the material basis of animal horn derived TCM.
Animals ; Buffaloes ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Guanosine ; Horns ; chemistry ; Hypoxanthine ; Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Peptides ; Proteomics ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Uridine

This study is to analyze and identify the water soluble components of water buffalo horn (Bubali Cornu, WBH), and also establish a method for investigating these components. Shotgun proteomic analysis identified proteins in WBH aqueous extraction: keratin, collagen, desmoglein, etc. Ultrafiltration and LC-MS/MS were used to separate and identify the peptides in WBH aqueous extract, as a result, identified peptides were mainly derived from nonspecific degradation products of keratin and collagen, which including C-terminal peptides and non C-terminal peptides. Hypoxanthine, uridine, guanosine, and adenosine were identified by comparing with the standards. The strategy in present study could be used in analyzing water soluble components of animal horn derived TCM. It provides a reference for investigation of the material basis of animal horn derived TCM.