The development of proteomic technique has sparked new focus on novel protein markers for many diseases including cancer. Urine is one of the most useful biofluids for routine testing to provide an ideal resource for the discovery of novel biomarkers, with the advantage over tissue biopsy samples due to the ease and the less invasive nature of urinary collection. This review summarizes urinary protein tumor markers found in prostate cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer that have shown potential for urogenital and non-urogenital cancer, so as to provide reference on high sensitive and high specific urinary protein tumor markers for early prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between Chinese medical constitutions and chemotherapy-induced leucopenia (CIL) of primary breast cancer patients.

METHODSTotally 306 breast cancer patients undergoing adjunctive chemotherapy for the 1st time, and effective 291 breast cancer patients were recruited in this study.Nine Basic Constitutional Scale was used before first chemotherapy. Chinese medical constitutions were classified and quantitatively scored. The highest grading for any item of adverse reactions in each case during the whole chemotherapy course was recorded after chemotherapy. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS16.0.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in CIL between different chemotherapy regimens and various Chinese medical constitutions of breast cancer patients (P > 0.05). Yang deficiency constitution is one risk factor for CIL. The higher the score of yang deficiency constitution, the more severe the CIL.

CONCLUSIONSYang deficiency constitution was correlated with the degree of CIL. The higher the score of yang deficiency constitution, the greater the risk of III-IV grade CIL in breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yang Deficiency

AIMOur previous studies showed that electroacupuncture (EA) could inhibited radiant heat induced pain and acute or chronic inflammatory pain in rats. In the present study, we observed whether EA with different frequencies could suppress neuropathic pain.

METHODSL5/L6 nerve ligation model was used to assess the effect of EA on neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia was represented by 50% withdrawal threshold, while cold-induced ongoing pain was detected by the number of paw lift in 5 min when the rat was put on a 5 degrees cold plate. Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS) was connected to needles inserted into acupoints "jiaji" and "Zusanli" in both sides. The parameters were: (intensity: 0.5-1-2 mA, 10 min each; frequency 2 Hz or 100 Hz; pulse width: 0.6 ms for 2 Hz, 0.2 ms for 100 Hz).

RESULTSEA of both 2 Hz and 100 Hz could relieve the mechanical allodynia, where 2 Hz could induce the effect with shorter latency; they could also relieve the cold-induced ongoing pain, where the effect of 2 Hz outlasted the EA session by up to 48 h after repetitive stimulations over several weeks; a significant relieving effect on cold-induced ongoing pain could also be induced by needle insertion without stimulation.

CONCLUSIONEA could relieve neuropathic pain, the analgesic effect of 2 Hz EA is higher than 100 Hz EA.

Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Neuralgia ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The drugs such as sildenafil adulterated in herbal products and dietary supplements may endanger human health. The number of the new modified derivatives is increasing recently. Based on Q-TOF-MS, a new sildenafil analogue was found. It was isolated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography. Its structure was determined by NMR, as 1-[4-propoxy-3-(6, 7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4, 3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)phenylsulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine. Compared with sildenafil, the ethoxy group of the benzene ring moiety was moved to the propoxy group, which had not been reported in China. The mass spectrometric behavior pattern of the structure type was summarized, which can greatly accelerate the structural analysis of novel analogues.

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasion capacities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S and its relation with regulating the expression of miR-27a.

METHODSThe effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasive capacities of MDA-MB-435S was measured by Transwell matrigel invasion assay. The effect of miR-27a expression on invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S, the intervention of cinnamaldehyde in the miR-27a expression, and its relation with its effect on invasive capabilities were defected with liposome 2000 transinfection miRNA27a mimics/inhibitors, real time-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and Transwell chamber model.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the number of cells passing through the transwell chamber was more significantly reduced after treated by cinnamaldehyde for 12 h (P < 0.05). The miR-27a expression was 962.07 times and 40% of that of the control group after transinfected by miR-27a mimics and miR-27a inhibitors. After transinfected by miR-27a inhibitors, the number of cells passing through the transwell chamber was more significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The miR-27a expression of MDA-MB-435S was down-regulated by 12-h treatment of cinnamaldehyde (2(-deltaCt) = 0.56, 0.18, 0.18, respectively). The number of miR-27a mimics transinfection pretreated MDA-MB-435S cells passing through the transwell chamber increased more obviously than the number of un-pretreated MDA-MB-435S cells in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCinnamaldehyde could inhibit invasive capabilities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S. The over-expression of miR-27a played an important role in the invasive capability of MDA-MB-435S. The inhibition of cinnamaldehyde on invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a.

Acrolein ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics

The drugs such as sildenafil adulterated in herbal products and dietary supplements may endanger human health. The number of the new modified derivatives is increasing recently. Based on Q-TOF-MS, a new sildenafil analogue was found. It was isolated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography. Its structure was determined by NMR, as 1-[4-propoxy-3-(6, 7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4, 3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)phenylsulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine. Compared with sildenafil, the ethoxy group of the benzene ring moiety was moved to the propoxy group, which had not been reported in China. The mass spectrometric behavior pattern of the structure type was summarized, which can greatly accelerate the structural analysis of novel analogues.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dietary Supplements ; analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Piperazines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sildenafil Citrate ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in detecting or diagnosing the recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer in the postoperative patients with rising CEA or CA19-9 during the follow-up.Methods 87 colorectal cancer patients were entered in the trial,all were postoperative,and during the follow-up were rising CEA or CA19-9 found, and then had the whole body 18F-FDG PET-CT examination.The final diagnosis of all patients were based on pathology results of re-operation,colonoscoply,a variety of imaging examination or clinical follow-up. Results For the diagnosis of recurrence or metastasis of postoperative colorectal cancer with rising CEA or CA19-9,PET-CT sensitivity was 91.0%(71/78),specificity 66.7%(6/9),accuracy 88.5%(77/87).Among the 61 patients who have recently (in 3 months) had conventional chest,abdominal and pelvic imaging examination (ultrasound,CT and MRI),32 patients PET-CT found the lesions that the conventional imaging did not found.The treatment programs of 21 patients have been changed,correction rate was 34.4%(2 1/61). Conclusion The 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging had a significant value in the diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis and restaging in the postoperative colorectal cancer with rising CEA or CA19-9 during the follow-up.

Objective To explore and study the effect of bundles on prevention and treatment of oral mucositis caused by chemoradiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria from June 2014 to December 2014 were selected as the control group, who adopted routine nursing measures, 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2015 to June 2015 were assigned to the observation group. Bundles on prevention and treatment of oral mucositis caused by chemoradiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were edited using a series of evidence-based approach, and it was used to manage the patients of observation group. Results While doing 21, 28, 33 friction of radiotherapy, the oral mucositis level of 0 degree, Ⅰ degree,Ⅱ degree,Ⅲ degree and Ⅳ degree of the observation group were 8, 25, 7, 0, 0 cases;3, 11, 24, 2, 0 cases;0, 19, 13, 6, 2 cases respectively, which were lower than the control group whose degrees were 0, 31, 6, 3, 0 cases;0, 18, 11, 10, 1 cases;0, 9, 17, 9, 5 cases. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z=-4.440,-3.441,-2.232, all P < 0.05 or 0.01). While doing 21, 28, 33 friction of adiotherapy, the throat pain level of 0 degree, Ⅰ degree,Ⅱ degree,Ⅲ degree of observation group were 4, 31, 5, 0; 2, 22, 14, 2; 0, 26, 12, 2 cases respectively, which were lower than the control group whose degrees were 1, 22, 16, 1 cases; 0, 10, 23, 7 cases; 0, 10, 17, 13 cases. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z=-3.137,-3.326,-3.518, all P<0.01). While doing 28, 33 friction of radiotherapy, the Self Rating Anxiety Scale of the observation group scored 56.76 ± 3.19, 58.72 ± 5.41, which were lower than 60.58 ± 2.46, 63.42 ± 4.97 in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=11.746, 10.561, all P <0.01). While doing 33 friction of radiotherapy, the self rating anxiety scale of the observation group was 60.56 ± 3.73, which was lower than 63.43 ± 4.77 in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=-4.983, P<0.01). The following entries:swallow, sensation, eating in public, dry mouth, sticky saliva, feel sick of the quality of life questionnaire of the observation group were higher than the control group while doing 33 friction of radiotherapy. All the differences were statistically significant (t=-3.873-5.130, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The bundles could effectively prevent and treat oral mucositis caused by chemoradiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It could release the throat pain, anxiety and depression of the patients, as well as improve the quality of life to some extent.

Objective To explore the association between ankylosing spondylitis(AS)with the poly- morphism in -308 site of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?promoter region. Methods The literature about AS and polymorphism in -308 site of TNF-?promoter region were searched and the meta analysis as performed. Results Eight studies enrolled 987 AS patients and 922 controls in total. The analysis showed that the fre- quencies of alleles and the genotypes had no statistical difference between AS group and the control group [OR=0.86(0.53, 1.38), P=0.53; OR=0.90(0.52, 1.55), P=0.69]. But the frequencies of alleles of western origin had statistical difference between AS group and the control group [OR=0.75(0.59, 0.96), P=0.02]; The TNF-?gene promoter polymorphism may play a role in the severity of sacroiliitis[OR=0.37(0.15. 0.90), P=0.03]. Conclusion The meta-analysis reveales that the alleles of -308 site of TNF-?promoter region may be associated with AS in western ethnical group and play a role in the severity of saeroiliitis.

Objective To investigate the influence of chemotherapy combined with autophagy inhibitor on apoptosis and calreticulin (CRT) expression on colonic cancer cells. Methods The colon cancer cells HCT116 were taken as the target in the present study. The inhibition rates (IC50) of chemotherapeutics oxaliplatin, 5-Fu and SN-38 were assessed by MTT assay. The changes in CRT expression on the membrane of HCT116 and apoptosis were determined with flow cytometry before and after treatment with chemotherapeutics. CRT location in HCT116 was detected by fluorescent immunoassay before and after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. The influence on HCT116 autophagy was determined by Western blotting after treatment with these chemotherapeutic agents. The changes in CRT expression on HCT116 membrane and apoptosis were determined with flow cytometry before and after treatment with the chemotherapeutics combined with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Results The ratio of apoptosis and membrane expression of CRT were elevated 12 hours after treatment with Oxaliplatin, 5-Fu and SN- 38, but without statistical significance. Fluorescent immunoassay showed a transposition of CRT from cytoplasm to the membrane after oxaliplatin treatment. Western blotting revealed that oxaliplatin, 5Fu and SN38 induced autophagy of HCT116 cells, and the autophagy was inhibited by the addition of CQ. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the percentages of annexin V+ cells and membrane expression of CRT were higher after treatment with the chemotherapy agents combined with CQ. The upregulation of CRT expression on membrane was obviously higher after treatment with oxaliplatin combined with CQ than that before the treatment with these agents (P=0.027). Conclusion Oxaliplatin combined with CQmay increase the apoptosis rate of HCT116 cells and upregulate CRT expression in the membrane.