The development of proteomic technique has sparked new focus on novel protein markers for many diseases including cancer. Urine is one of the most useful biofluids for routine testing to provide an ideal resource for the discovery of novel biomarkers, with the advantage over tissue biopsy samples due to the ease and the less invasive nature of urinary collection. This review summarizes urinary protein tumor markers found in prostate cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer that have shown potential for urogenital and non-urogenital cancer, so as to provide reference on high sensitive and high specific urinary protein tumor markers for early prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between Chinese medical constitutions and chemotherapy-induced leucopenia (CIL) of primary breast cancer patients.

METHODSTotally 306 breast cancer patients undergoing adjunctive chemotherapy for the 1st time, and effective 291 breast cancer patients were recruited in this study.Nine Basic Constitutional Scale was used before first chemotherapy. Chinese medical constitutions were classified and quantitatively scored. The highest grading for any item of adverse reactions in each case during the whole chemotherapy course was recorded after chemotherapy. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS16.0.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in CIL between different chemotherapy regimens and various Chinese medical constitutions of breast cancer patients (P > 0.05). Yang deficiency constitution is one risk factor for CIL. The higher the score of yang deficiency constitution, the more severe the CIL.

CONCLUSIONSYang deficiency constitution was correlated with the degree of CIL. The higher the score of yang deficiency constitution, the greater the risk of III-IV grade CIL in breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yang Deficiency

The drugs such as sildenafil adulterated in herbal products and dietary supplements may endanger human health. The number of the new modified derivatives is increasing recently. Based on Q-TOF-MS, a new sildenafil analogue was found. It was isolated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography. Its structure was determined by NMR, as 1-[4-propoxy-3-(6, 7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4, 3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)phenylsulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine. Compared with sildenafil, the ethoxy group of the benzene ring moiety was moved to the propoxy group, which had not been reported in China. The mass spectrometric behavior pattern of the structure type was summarized, which can greatly accelerate the structural analysis of novel analogues.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dietary Supplements ; analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Piperazines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sildenafil Citrate ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To summarize the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of autologous urologic neoplasms in renal transplant recipients.Methods A retrospective analysis on the clinical data of 25 renal transplant recipients was done in our center.The onset time of new neoplasms was between 29 to 72 months after transplantation,with an average of 48.2 months.Intermittent hematuria was the first symptom in 23 patients,and the rest two cases were diagnosed through routine examination. The pathological diagnoses of thee cases were renal carcinoma,which were treated by transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.Eight cases were diagnosed as having renal pelvic tumor,which was treated by radical resection for the renal pelvic carcinoma.Fourteen cases were diagnosed as having bladder cancer,which was treated by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (13 cases) or radical cystectomy (one case).All patients were subjected to surgical treatment.The dosage of MMF,CSA/Tacrolimus was decreased to 1/2-2/3 of their original dosage. Sirolimus was used in place of calcineurin inhibitors in four patients.Immunosuppressive regimes and adjuvant therapy were given after surgery treatment.Results Twenty-five patients were followed up for 12-84 months.Contralateral renal carcinoma combined with lung and chest multiple metastases occurred in one case after radical nephrectomy,who died after targeted therapy 6 months later.Two patients with lymph node metastasis died 14 months and 20 months after surgery respectively.The rest 22 patients were closely followed up,whose creatinine remained 98-163μmol/L.Conclusion More attention should be paid to patients with hematuria after renal transplantation to screen the autologous urinary neoplasms.Patients should be treated with surgical procedures,and immunosuppressive regimens should be adjusted postoperatively.

Objective:To design and construct the replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus Ad-siCTGF which can silence the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by RNA interference and verified its function. Methods:A specific sequence, which was verified to be able to silence CTGF gene with high efficiency, was cloned into pSES-HUS vector to produce the shuttle plasmid pSES-siCTGF. The plasmid after Pme Ⅰ linearization was cotransduced with pAdEasy into BJ5183 E.coli strains to construct recombinant vector Ad-siCTGF. After linearization treatment with Pac Ⅰ enzyme digestion Ad-siCTGF was transfected into HEK293 cells via liposome mediation. The recombinant adenovirus was packaged. The titer of the Ad-siCTGF was increased after three times of cross-infection. 4T1 cells were infected with the adenovirus. The silencing efficiency was tested by real-time fluorescence quantitative (RFQ)-PCR and Western blotting.Results:Pac Ⅰ enzyme digestion electrophoresis indentified that recombinant adenovirus was successfully constructed. The titer of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-siCTGF was 2.6×10~(10) pfu/mL after amplification and purification. The CTGF mRNA and protein expression in 4T1 cells were decreased by 36.27% and 31.56%, respectively, compared with the control groups.Conclusion:The recombinant adenovirus which can silence the expression of CTGF was successfully constructed. It laid a good foundation for further investigation of the action mechanism of CTGF in tumor cells.

The drugs such as sildenafil adulterated in herbal products and dietary supplements may endanger human health. The number of the new modified derivatives is increasing recently. Based on Q-TOF-MS, a new sildenafil analogue was found. It was isolated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography. Its structure was determined by NMR, as 1-[4-propoxy-3-(6, 7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4, 3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)phenylsulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine. Compared with sildenafil, the ethoxy group of the benzene ring moiety was moved to the propoxy group, which had not been reported in China. The mass spectrometric behavior pattern of the structure type was summarized, which can greatly accelerate the structural analysis of novel analogues.

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasion capacities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S and its relation with regulating the expression of miR-27a.

METHODSThe effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasive capacities of MDA-MB-435S was measured by Transwell matrigel invasion assay. The effect of miR-27a expression on invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S, the intervention of cinnamaldehyde in the miR-27a expression, and its relation with its effect on invasive capabilities were defected with liposome 2000 transinfection miRNA27a mimics/inhibitors, real time-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and Transwell chamber model.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the number of cells passing through the transwell chamber was more significantly reduced after treated by cinnamaldehyde for 12 h (P < 0.05). The miR-27a expression was 962.07 times and 40% of that of the control group after transinfected by miR-27a mimics and miR-27a inhibitors. After transinfected by miR-27a inhibitors, the number of cells passing through the transwell chamber was more significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The miR-27a expression of MDA-MB-435S was down-regulated by 12-h treatment of cinnamaldehyde (2(-deltaCt) = 0.56, 0.18, 0.18, respectively). The number of miR-27a mimics transinfection pretreated MDA-MB-435S cells passing through the transwell chamber increased more obviously than the number of un-pretreated MDA-MB-435S cells in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCinnamaldehyde could inhibit invasive capabilities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S. The over-expression of miR-27a played an important role in the invasive capability of MDA-MB-435S. The inhibition of cinnamaldehyde on invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a.

Acrolein ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in detecting or diagnosing the recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer in the postoperative patients with rising CEA or CA19-9 during the follow-up.Methods 87 colorectal cancer patients were entered in the trial,all were postoperative,and during the follow-up were rising CEA or CA19-9 found, and then had the whole body 18F-FDG PET-CT examination.The final diagnosis of all patients were based on pathology results of re-operation,colonoscoply,a variety of imaging examination or clinical follow-up. Results For the diagnosis of recurrence or metastasis of postoperative colorectal cancer with rising CEA or CA19-9,PET-CT sensitivity was 91.0%(71/78),specificity 66.7%(6/9),accuracy 88.5%(77/87).Among the 61 patients who have recently (in 3 months) had conventional chest,abdominal and pelvic imaging examination (ultrasound,CT and MRI),32 patients PET-CT found the lesions that the conventional imaging did not found.The treatment programs of 21 patients have been changed,correction rate was 34.4%(2 1/61). Conclusion The 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging had a significant value in the diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis and restaging in the postoperative colorectal cancer with rising CEA or CA19-9 during the follow-up.

Objective To study the biodistribution of 131 I-2'-deoxy-1-β-D-arabinofuranosy1-5-iodouracil (FIAU) in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model and the expression of thymidine kinase (TK) gene in brain tissue after gene-modified stem cell transplantation,and thus evaluate the possibility of further noninvasive monitoring of stem cell transplantation therapy in cerebral infarction.Methods Adenovirus recombinant Ad5-TK-intemal ribosome entry site-brain derived heurotrophic factor-enhanced green florecent protein(IRES-BDNF-EGFP) carrying TK-IRES-BDNF gene was prepared.Cerebral infarction model was established in rats by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion with nylon monofilament.Gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted via intraparenchymal route,lateral ventricle,carotid artery and tail vein,respectively.The normal rats were used as controls.131 I- FAU was prepared to be the tracer for biodistribution study and the ％ ID/g was calculated based on measurement of the tissue radioactivity counts.The expression of TK gene was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (QR-PCR) and Western blot analysis.Data were analyzed with independent-samples t-test,one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test,and Pearson linear correlation test.Results The ％ ID/g of infarcted brain tissue in the intraparenchymal group was 0.124 ± 0.013,which was significantly higher than that in lateral ventricle group (0.052 ±0.004),carotid artery group (0.061 ±0.002),tail vein group (0.059 ±0.005) and control group (0.005 ±0.001) (t =2.913 - 5.652,all P＜0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences among the other route transplanted groups ( t =0.694 - 1.448,all P ＞ 0.05 ).The differences of ％ ID/g between the infarcted and contralateral sides of brain tissue in all transplanted groups were statistically significant (t =9.004 - 15.734,all P ＜ 0.05 ),while there was no statistically significant difference of this parameter between both sides of brain tissue in control group (t =1.511,P =0.182).The expression of TK gene in intraparenchymal group was significantly higher than other groups (t =7.482 -12.371,all P ＜0.05).The expression levels ofTK gene on QR-PCR showed a positive correlation with ％ID/g of the brain tissue ( r =0.971,P ＜ 0.001 ).Similarly,the ratio of TK/β-actin by the Western blot analysis correlated with the ％ ID/g ( r =0.899,P =0.002 ).Conclusion Intraparenchymal route may be the way of choice for cell transplantation therapy of cerebral infarction.If suitable radionuclide tracer is available,PET or SPECT may be potentially used for noninvasive monitoring of stem cell transplantation in cerebral infarction in vivo.

AIMOur previous studies showed that electroacupuncture (EA) could inhibited radiant heat induced pain and acute or chronic inflammatory pain in rats. In the present study, we observed whether EA with different frequencies could suppress neuropathic pain.

METHODSL5/L6 nerve ligation model was used to assess the effect of EA on neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia was represented by 50% withdrawal threshold, while cold-induced ongoing pain was detected by the number of paw lift in 5 min when the rat was put on a 5 degrees cold plate. Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS) was connected to needles inserted into acupoints "jiaji" and "Zusanli" in both sides. The parameters were: (intensity: 0.5-1-2 mA, 10 min each; frequency 2 Hz or 100 Hz; pulse width: 0.6 ms for 2 Hz, 0.2 ms for 100 Hz).

RESULTSEA of both 2 Hz and 100 Hz could relieve the mechanical allodynia, where 2 Hz could induce the effect with shorter latency; they could also relieve the cold-induced ongoing pain, where the effect of 2 Hz outlasted the EA session by up to 48 h after repetitive stimulations over several weeks; a significant relieving effect on cold-induced ongoing pain could also be induced by needle insertion without stimulation.

CONCLUSIONEA could relieve neuropathic pain, the analgesic effect of 2 Hz EA is higher than 100 Hz EA.

Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Neuralgia ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley