Neuronal?_4?_2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system.?_4?_2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum,parietal lobe cortex,temporal lobe cortex,hippocampus,basal ganglion and cerebellum.Researches on gene knock-out mice have demonstrated that?_4?_2 receptors participate in the development,aging,neuron survival,pain,and learning and memory,and are also involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid release and dopaminergic function.Studies have disclosed that?_4?_2 nAChRs relate to the development of variety of neurological diseases,including pain,Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Neuronal α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system, α4β2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum, parietal lobe cortex, temporal lobe cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglion and cerebellum. Researches on gene knock-out mice have demonstrated that α4β2 receptors participate in the development, aging, neuron survival, pain, and learning and memory, and are also involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid release and dopaminergic function. Studies have disclosed that α4β2 nAChRs relate to the development of variety of neurological diseases, including pain, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum plasma brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) levels and myocardial injury in neoborns after asphyxia. Methods Neoborns who were admitted to Department of neonatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University from December 2012 to December 2013 within 3 days after birth were considered. According to the number organized in chronological order every other case, newborns with neonatal asphyxia were assigned to observation group. The observation group were further divided into myocardial injury subgroup and non-cardiac injury subgroup according to the diagnostic criteria of myocardial injury. Newborns without neonatal asphyxia or neonatal cardiovascular diseases were assigned to control group. Exclusion criteria for control group were electrolyte disturbance, liver and kidney dysfunction. Blood sample was drawn from patients within 2 hours of admission to hospital and again on day 14. Serum BNP , creatine kinase isoenzyme ( CK-MB) , serum sodium and calcium were detected for further analysis. Results In 107 cases with neonatal asphyxia, 77 infants who had complete clinical records were selected as observation group, of which 36 met the diagnostic criteria of myocardial injury and assigned to myocardial injury subgroup. Non-cardiac injury subgroup consisted of the rest 41 cases in observation group. Twenty-two cases were enrolled to control group. Within 2 hours after admission, the serum BNP level of myocardial injury subgroup were significantly higher than those of the non-cardiac injury subgroup and the control group ( 2. 35 ± 0. 44 , 2. 12±0. 64, 1. 88±0. 27, log transformed, respectively, P＜0. 05). The BNP level of non-cardiac injury subgroup were also significantly higher than those of the control group. Serum BNP and CK-MB levels of observation group were positively correlated (r=0. 212,P=0. 030). After treatment, serum BNP level of myocardial injury subgroup at 14 days after admission decreased significantly, compared to the level at 2 hours within admission (P＜0. 05). When the cutoff value for infants with myocardial injury was 108. 05 pg/mL, the area under the ROC curve was 0. 753, with a sensitivity of 75. 0％ and a specificity of 64. 5％, positive predictive value was 56. 4％ and negative predictive value was 72. 3％. Conclusions Serum BNP level can reflect myocardial injury in neonates with asphyxia and can guide clinical treatment.

Objective To study the application value of digitization radiography in group wound. Methods Emergency patient were taken photos on all positions by the system of digitized X-ray phantom equipment DR or CR. Results Image quality was improved and the success ratio of taking photo reached 100%. Both lasting time of examination and the radiation dose reduced. Conclusion The application of digitized X-ray photography is superior to that of the system of traditional screen or piece,which provides more information of photography for clinical in time.

BACKGROUND:Temporary crown has been used widely in clinic. The physical properties and biological safety of temporary crown and cement materials are more superior along with the development of material science. OBJECTIVE:To summarize clinical application, physical properties and biological safety of the temporary crown and cement materials. METHODS:PubMed database was searched by the key words of temporary crown, provisional crown, temporary restoration, provisional restoration, interim restoration in English to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2004 to December 2014. Literatures addressing the temporary crown and cement materials were included, and the repetitive researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Through the clinical evaluation and experimental study, the physical properties (polymerization shrinkage, polymerization heat production, polymerization monomer release) and biological safety (cytotoxicity, irritation to the soft tissue) of the temporary crown and cement materials are the key problems needed to overcome. With the appearance of new materials and new fabrication methods, the temporary crown and adhesive materials have great application prospect and higher clinical value, but in the exploration process of the laboratory research and clinical application, there are many problems to be solved.

Objective To probe into the epidemic feature, pa tho genic spectrum and main risk factors of diarrhea during the field training in ar my. Methods Detection of morbidity,investigation of risk factor s and detachment of pathogen were performed. Results The diarrh eal incidence rate of army of field training was 4.36%(106/2 433), which was higher than that of hold garrison(0.98%, 2/204). The incidence rate of officers was lower than that of soldiers. Two incidence peaks concerned with the army motion course were foun d. The detection rate of lapactic bacteria from fecal of patients was 63.1%(65/1 03) and most of them were ETEC, followed by the plesiomonas shigelloides. Se ven ind ividual factors concerned with diarrhea disease were found with logistic analysi s, including dr inking unboiled water, going out to eating and so on. Conclusions Incidence of diarrhea in the army increased obviously during the field training and the chief pathogen are ETEC and plesiomonas shigelloides, at the same time, t he occurrence of diarrhea is related with many individual factors.

The ancient discussion and modern clinical application regarding Yingxiang (LI 20) and Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) in acupuncture verses are explored. Acupuncture verses are the summary of clinical experiences of acupuncture scholars in the past dynasties, of which the records on application of Yingxiang (LI 20) and Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) mainly focused on nasal, facial and head-eye diseases, which is characterized with overall summarization, brilliant exposition, simple language, and distinctive characteristics. Nowadays, based on the ancient usage, the clinical application about these two acupoints is continuously developing. If the ancient acupuncture verses could be understood thoroughly, the clinical practice could be better guided and its effects could be improved.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effects of post-propofol anesthesia on cognitive function and hippocampus proteome expressions in aged rats.Methods Thirty healthy male Wistar rats aged 20 months were randomly divided into control group(n =15) and propofol group(n =15).The control group was injected with normal saline of 6 ml/kg intraperitoneally and propofol was injected intraperitoneally with propofol 60 mg/kg.The rats in both groups underwent Step-down Test to assess cognitive function at the first day and at the seventh day after the termination of drug administration.Five rats were decapitated randomly each time after the two step-down tests and their hippocampi were removed for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis.Results In the step-down test,aged rats in the propofol group showed significantly learning impairment and decreased memory abilities at the 1st day after propofol anesthesia as compared with those in the control group.In learning phase of the 1st day,the latency of the propofol group is (29.5 ± 7.6)s as compared with(19.7 ± 7.0)s of the control group,while the error time is 3.6±1.2 vs.1.6 ±0.8 in the propofol group vs the control group,and the total time of electric shock is(65.2 t 10.6)s vs.(42.7 ± 10.3)s in the propofol group vs the control group(all P＜0.01).The latency of the memory phase in the propofol group is also decreased as compared with that in the control group(31.4±14.3)s vs.(111.2± 23.7) s,(P＜0.01).On the 7th day after anesthesia,there was no significant difference between the two groups.There were 17 differentially expressed proteins on the 1st day after propofol anesthesia,6 of them were up-regulated and 11 proteins were down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05).On the 7th day,there were 10 differentially expressed proteins,and the expression of 5 proteins was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Aging rats receiving propofol anesthesia show cognitive function decline,but do not show a long-term decline.The mechanism may be related to the different expressions of hippocampal proteins.

BACKGROUND:Chroming can improve the corrosion resistance of soft magnetic aloys. OBJECTIVE:To identify the optimal chroming conditions of two soft magnetic aloys, Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni, so as to improve their corrosion resistance. METHODS:Twelve pieces of square-shaped Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni soft magnetic aloys were casted in the size of 20 mm×20 mm×2 mm. After sanding and polishing, chrome plating was performed on these specimens and the coating thickness and hardness were measured. The selection factors included electroplate type (hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium), current density (15, 20, 25, 35, 40, 45 A/dm2) and electroplating time (30, 40, 60 minutes). The optimal chroming conditions were determined by one-factor experimental method and the chrome plating was observed under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cr6+ coating was significantly better than Cr3+ coating in the aspects of hardness, thickness and uniformity, indicating Cr6+ coating can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni aloys. For Fe-Cr-Mo soft magnetic aloy, the optimal conditions of Cr6+ coating were as folows: current density of 45 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 60 minutes; the optimal conditions of Cr3+ coating were as folows: current density of 20 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 30 minutes. For Fe-Ni soft magnetic aloys, the optimal conditions of Cr6+ coating were as folows: current density of 35 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 60 minutes; the optimal conditions of Cr3+ coating were as folows: current density of 20 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 40 minutes.

BACKGROUND:In the comprehensive treatment of cracked teeth, the temporary protection using the orthodontic band and resin temporary crown can effectively prevent tooth fracture and protect the cracked teeth with a higher clinical success rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the differences in clinical efficacy of orthodontic band and resin temporary crown on the temporary protection of cracked teeth. METHODS: Totaly 189 patients (97 males and 92 females, aged 19-65 years) with cracked teeth were selected, randomly divided into two groups and respectively underwent the temporary protection to cracked teeth with the orthodontic band (n=93) and resin temporary crown (n=96) in the comprehensive treatment. Retention effect, periodontal status and patient satisfaction were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were three cases with loose band and one case with faling band in the group of orthodontic band; there were two cases with faling band in the group of resin temporary crown. No significant difference between two groups in the retention effect was found. There were 11 cases of gingivitis or exploring hemorrhage in the group of orthodontic band and 2 cases in the group of resin temporary crown, indicating the periodontal status in the group of resin temporary crown was better than that in the group of orthodontic band (P< 0.05). There were 18 cases of lower satisfaction for poor color, expand feeling caused by the rubber band and discomfort caused by the band protruding from tooth surface in the group of orthodontic band; there were 3 cases of lower satisfaction in the group of resin temporary crown, and the patient satisfaction in the group of resin temporary crown were higher than that in the group of orthodontic band (P < 0.05). There is a better clinical effect in the temporary protection to cracked teeth by using the resin temporary crown, especialy in the terms of retention effect, periodontal status and patient satisfaction.