Neuronal α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system, α4β2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum, parietal lobe cortex, temporal lobe cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglion and cerebellum. Researches on gene knock-out mice have demonstrated that α4β2 receptors participate in the development, aging, neuron survival, pain, and learning and memory, and are also involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid release and dopaminergic function. Studies have disclosed that α4β2 nAChRs relate to the development of variety of neurological diseases, including pain, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Neuronal?_4?_2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system.?_4?_2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum,parietal lobe cortex,temporal lobe cortex,hippocampus,basal ganglion and cerebellum.Researches on gene knock-out mice have demonstrated that?_4?_2 receptors participate in the development,aging,neuron survival,pain,and learning and memory,and are also involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid release and dopaminergic function.Studies have disclosed that?_4?_2 nAChRs relate to the development of variety of neurological diseases,including pain,Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Objective To study the application value of digitization radiography in group wound. Methods Emergency patient were taken photos on all positions by the system of digitized X-ray phantom equipment DR or CR. Results Image quality was improved and the success ratio of taking photo reached 100%. Both lasting time of examination and the radiation dose reduced. Conclusion The application of digitized X-ray photography is superior to that of the system of traditional screen or piece,which provides more information of photography for clinical in time.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum plasma brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) levels and myocardial injury in neoborns after asphyxia. Methods Neoborns who were admitted to Department of neonatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University from December 2012 to December 2013 within 3 days after birth were considered. According to the number organized in chronological order every other case, newborns with neonatal asphyxia were assigned to observation group. The observation group were further divided into myocardial injury subgroup and non-cardiac injury subgroup according to the diagnostic criteria of myocardial injury. Newborns without neonatal asphyxia or neonatal cardiovascular diseases were assigned to control group. Exclusion criteria for control group were electrolyte disturbance, liver and kidney dysfunction. Blood sample was drawn from patients within 2 hours of admission to hospital and again on day 14. Serum BNP , creatine kinase isoenzyme ( CK-MB) , serum sodium and calcium were detected for further analysis. Results In 107 cases with neonatal asphyxia, 77 infants who had complete clinical records were selected as observation group, of which 36 met the diagnostic criteria of myocardial injury and assigned to myocardial injury subgroup. Non-cardiac injury subgroup consisted of the rest 41 cases in observation group. Twenty-two cases were enrolled to control group. Within 2 hours after admission, the serum BNP level of myocardial injury subgroup were significantly higher than those of the non-cardiac injury subgroup and the control group ( 2. 35 ± 0. 44 , 2. 12±0. 64, 1. 88±0. 27, log transformed, respectively, P＜0. 05). The BNP level of non-cardiac injury subgroup were also significantly higher than those of the control group. Serum BNP and CK-MB levels of observation group were positively correlated (r=0. 212,P=0. 030). After treatment, serum BNP level of myocardial injury subgroup at 14 days after admission decreased significantly, compared to the level at 2 hours within admission (P＜0. 05). When the cutoff value for infants with myocardial injury was 108. 05 pg/mL, the area under the ROC curve was 0. 753, with a sensitivity of 75. 0％ and a specificity of 64. 5％, positive predictive value was 56. 4％ and negative predictive value was 72. 3％. Conclusions Serum BNP level can reflect myocardial injury in neonates with asphyxia and can guide clinical treatment.

Objective To improve the accuracy and completion rate of long range video electroencephalogram ( V-EEG) in children with epilepsy, strengthen the pediatric patients′coordination ability during V-EEG, and make the parents more satisfied. Methods Pediatric patients who were checked by long-range V-EEG from April 2014 to March 2015 were chronologically divided into experimental group ( n=169 ) and control group ( n =142 ) . The patients of experimental group were cared by unified nursing intervention while the patients of control group were implemented traditional nursing. Contrast was implemented between two groups according to leads and electrode off, sleep deprivation situation, completion of provocation test, rash and trauma. Results After the implementation of V-EEG monitoring nursing regulations, the incidences of leads off, artifact, failure of sleep deprivation, and trauma were lower than those of the control group (P<0. 05); the cooperation of children having hyperventilation increased in the experimental group with low failure rate of opening and closing eyes stimulation and flush stimulation (P<0. 05). The parent′s satisfaction increased from 78.87% to 94.08% (P <0. 01). Conclusions Standardized nursing can effectively improve the quality of V-EEG monitoring, decline the incidence of artifact, make the V-EEG report more accurate and completed, and promote parent′s satisfaction.

The ancient discussion and modern clinical application regarding Yingxiang (LI 20) and Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) in acupuncture verses are explored. Acupuncture verses are the summary of clinical experiences of acupuncture scholars in the past dynasties, of which the records on application of Yingxiang (LI 20) and Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) mainly focused on nasal, facial and head-eye diseases, which is characterized with overall summarization, brilliant exposition, simple language, and distinctive characteristics. Nowadays, based on the ancient usage, the clinical application about these two acupoints is continuously developing. If the ancient acupuncture verses could be understood thoroughly, the clinical practice could be better guided and its effects could be improved.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy

BACKGROUND:In the deep caries treatment, the pulp capping agent used in indirect pulp can induce the formation of dentin bridge (the complex of dental pulp and dentin), to protect the pulp tissue from stimulus and save the pulp vitality, completely avoid the occurrence of complications, with a higher clinical success rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the differences in clinical efficacy of five kinds of calcium hydroxide preparations. METHODS:Totaly 236 patients with deep caries were selected and randomized to undergo indirect pulp with the double-component calcium hydroxide powder (n=46), Metapex with one-component injection dosage form and the chemical curing calcium hydroxide preparation (n=47), Dycal with the chemical curing calcium hydroxide preparation (n=45), Ionosit-Baseliner (n=49) and Calcimol LC (n=49) with one-component and the light curing calcium hydroxide preparation. The status of the dental pulp, the restoration and the root tip were observed at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the five groups in the success rate of indirect pulp capping at 1, 6 and 12 months (P> 0.05). At 24 months, the success rate of indirect pulp capping in the double-component calcium hydroxide powder group was lower than that in the other four groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the latter four groups (P > 0.05). Metapex, Dycal, Ionosit-Baseliner and Calcimol LC al have a good effect on indirect pulp capping to deep caries, which can be used as agents for long-term pulp protection.

Objective To probe into the epidemic feature, pa tho genic spectrum and main risk factors of diarrhea during the field training in ar my. Methods Detection of morbidity,investigation of risk factor s and detachment of pathogen were performed. Results The diarrh eal incidence rate of army of field training was 4.36%(106/2 433), which was higher than that of hold garrison(0.98%, 2/204). The incidence rate of officers was lower than that of soldiers. Two incidence peaks concerned with the army motion course were foun d. The detection rate of lapactic bacteria from fecal of patients was 63.1%(65/1 03) and most of them were ETEC, followed by the plesiomonas shigelloides. Se ven ind ividual factors concerned with diarrhea disease were found with logistic analysi s, including dr inking unboiled water, going out to eating and so on. Conclusions Incidence of diarrhea in the army increased obviously during the field training and the chief pathogen are ETEC and plesiomonas shigelloides, at the same time, t he occurrence of diarrhea is related with many individual factors.

Objective To investigate the effects of post-propofol anesthesia on cognitive function and hippocampus proteome expressions in aged rats.Methods Thirty healthy male Wistar rats aged 20 months were randomly divided into control group(n =15) and propofol group(n =15).The control group was injected with normal saline of 6 ml/kg intraperitoneally and propofol was injected intraperitoneally with propofol 60 mg/kg.The rats in both groups underwent Step-down Test to assess cognitive function at the first day and at the seventh day after the termination of drug administration.Five rats were decapitated randomly each time after the two step-down tests and their hippocampi were removed for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis.Results In the step-down test,aged rats in the propofol group showed significantly learning impairment and decreased memory abilities at the 1st day after propofol anesthesia as compared with those in the control group.In learning phase of the 1st day,the latency of the propofol group is (29.5 ± 7.6)s as compared with(19.7 ± 7.0)s of the control group,while the error time is 3.6±1.2 vs.1.6 ±0.8 in the propofol group vs the control group,and the total time of electric shock is(65.2 t 10.6)s vs.(42.7 ± 10.3)s in the propofol group vs the control group(all P＜0.01).The latency of the memory phase in the propofol group is also decreased as compared with that in the control group(31.4±14.3)s vs.(111.2± 23.7) s,(P＜0.01).On the 7th day after anesthesia,there was no significant difference between the two groups.There were 17 differentially expressed proteins on the 1st day after propofol anesthesia,6 of them were up-regulated and 11 proteins were down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05).On the 7th day,there were 10 differentially expressed proteins,and the expression of 5 proteins was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Aging rats receiving propofol anesthesia show cognitive function decline,but do not show a long-term decline.The mechanism may be related to the different expressions of hippocampal proteins.

BACKGROUND:Temporary crown has been used widely in clinic. The physical properties and biological safety of temporary crown and cement materials are more superior along with the development of material science. OBJECTIVE:To summarize clinical application, physical properties and biological safety of the temporary crown and cement materials. METHODS:PubMed database was searched by the key words of temporary crown, provisional crown, temporary restoration, provisional restoration, interim restoration in English to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2004 to December 2014. Literatures addressing the temporary crown and cement materials were included, and the repetitive researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Through the clinical evaluation and experimental study, the physical properties (polymerization shrinkage, polymerization heat production, polymerization monomer release) and biological safety (cytotoxicity, irritation to the soft tissue) of the temporary crown and cement materials are the key problems needed to overcome. With the appearance of new materials and new fabrication methods, the temporary crown and adhesive materials have great application prospect and higher clinical value, but in the exploration process of the laboratory research and clinical application, there are many problems to be solved.