ObjectiveTo explore the method of preparing the tube from chitosan and study the biocompatibility between blood and chitosan. Methods3％ chitosan-based hydrolgels were pro-duced from acetic acid and chitosan. The needles coated with chitosan were submerged in NaOHaqueous solutions. The tubes of chitosan were taken off from the needle. The portosystemic shuntswere created using the tube of chitosan. This model without heparin was observed whether the intes-tinal congestion developed or not. ResultsIt was shown that the chitosan-based tube has blood in 8rats went back to veinal system. ConclusionIt was easy to prepare the tube from chitosan. Thetubes have an excellent biocompatibility with blood.

Objective To explore the significance of negative expiratory pressure technique in detecting expiratory flow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods Negative expiratory pressure technique was performed in 13 special COPD patients who did not accomplish routine pulmonary function tests. Results Negative expiratory pressure technique was executed successfully in 13 special COPD patients without any side-effects. Expiratory flow limitation was detected in 12 special COPD patients. 5-point expiratory flow limitation score was significantly correlated with Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea score, which was a predictor of dyspnea. Conclusions Negative expiratory pressure technique provides a test which is simple, rapid, noninvasive and does not require any initiative cooperation from the patients, it can be applied in special COPD patients who can not accomplish routine pulmonary function tests.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of familial moyamoya disease in China. Methods The patients w ith familial moyamoya disease admitted to the department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA from March 2009 to June 2012 w ere analyzed retrospectively. Results Of 1 108 patients w ith moyamoya disease admitted to the department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA, 87 patients (7.8%) w ith familial moyamoya disease w ere identified. Familial moyamoya disease w as observed both in the Han nationality and the minority nationalities. The male to female ratio w as 1∶1.02. The age at first onset ranged from 8 months to 59 years. There w ere tw o peak ages -of-onset, 5-9 years and 30-34 years, respectively). The most common initial symptom w as cerebral ischemia (74 .7%). The first degree relatives w ere the most affected in patients w ith familial moyamoya disease (78/87, 89 .66%), in w hich the siblings accounted for most of the disease ( 38/78, 48.72%), and the proportions of mother-to-child inheritance (21/78, 26.92%) and father-to-child inheritance ( 19/78, 24.36%) w ere similar. Conclusions There are tw o peak ages-of-onset, cerebral ischemia is the most common initial symptom, the first degree relatives are the most affected in patients w ith familial moyamoya disease in China.

Headache is one of the most common symptoms in children w ith moyamoya disease. Its related pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and operation effect remain unclear. This article review s the advances in headache in children w ith moyamoya disease by review ing the related literatures on the study of headache in children w ith moyamoya disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of patients with moyamoya disease and renal artery stenosis. Methods The clinical data such as the first symptom,intracranial vascular lesions,renal artery lesions,treatment and follow-up results of the 15 patients with moyamoya disease and complicated with renal artery stenosis (RAS group)and the baseline-matched 30 moyamoya diseased patients without renal artery stenosis (MMD group)treated at the Department of Neurosurgery,the 307 th Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from March 2009 to June 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results (1)The moyamoya diseased patients with renal artery stenosis accounted for 1. 6%(15 / 927)of the total number of patients with moyamoya disease admitted in the same period. In the RAS group,the left renal artery stenosis accounted for 5 cases,the right renal artery stenosis accounted for 4 cases,and the bilateral renal artery stenosis accounted for 6 cases. Mild stenosis accounted for 71. 4%(15 / 21 sides), proximal stenosis accounted for 85. 7% (18 / 21 sides). The incidence of hypertension (80. 0%,n = 12) of the RAS group was significantly higher than that of the MMD group (30. 0%,n =9). There was significant difference (χ2 = 10. 045,P < 0. 05). There was significant difference in the distribution of Suzuki stage between the patients of the two groups (Z = -6. 184,P <0. 01). (2)Four patients underwent interventional therapy,their blood pressure decreased to normal level after procedure. Three patients were followed up for 9 months to 108 months with angiography after interventional treatment. No restenosis occurred in renal artery.
Conclusion The incidence of hypertension in patients with RAS is significantly higher than that without RAS,and there is difference between the degree of intracranial vascular lesions and the patients without RAS. Renal artery stenosis is mainly the proximal mild stenosis. Interventional therapy is an effective method for the treatment of moyamoya disease with severe renal artery stenosis;however,the long-term prognosis needs to be further followed up.

BACKGROUND:To ensure the catheter position is very important for interventional catheters. In emergency, rapid and accurate catheter insertion is required. Ultrasound can real-time track the movement of catheters in vivo. It is safe to patient, which has exhibited a bright future in catheter placement. OBJECTIVE: To compare the current methods for improving ultrasonic localization methods and to prospect the future development and improvement of real-time ultrasonic localization of catheters in vivo. METHODS: Literature search was carried out based on PubMed (1990-01/2015-04) and Espacenet with the key words of catheter, ultrasonic guidance, ultrasound localization, enhanced localization for the initial retrieval of relevant articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:To improve the image quality and increase the accuracy of catheter placement by ultrasound, recent efforts have been focused on two paths. One is to improve the resolution of ultrasonic images by enhancing ultrasound equipment or ultrasonic guidance system. The other is to modify catheter itself to obtain high acoustic impedance differential and improve its echogenicity. The latter approach can be potentialy applied in al kinds of catheters and is more economical and practical. Therefore, in future researches, innovation and design of catheter materials for catheter fabricating wil play an important role in promoting the real-time ultrasonic localization of catheters.

Objective: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and the significance of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), which is modulated by VEGF, in the invasion of gastric carcinoma. Methods: Expression of VEGF in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric tissues was detected by Western blot. MTT was used to measure the proliferation of AGS cells while real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of MMP-9 at mRNA and protein level in AGS cells. Results: The expression of VEGF in gastric carcinoma was significantly higher than that of controls; the expression of MMP-9 in AGS cells with VEGF was significantly higher than that of controls at mRNA and protein level. Conclusion: Both VEGF and MMP-9 participate in the progression of gastric carcinoma, and VEGF may promote the invasion of gastric carcinoma by upregulating the expression of MMP-9.

ObjectiveTo observe the pathogenic relationship and the mechanisms between the first molars and the temporomandibular disorders(TMD) by getting epidemiology data.MethodsThe oral examinational people during 2007 to 2011 as investigating objects were selected and epidemiological study was carried out with standard clinical diagnostic criteria for dental caries TMD.ResultsThe people with dysfunctional first molars showed that TMD positive rate was 51.48％,and normal molars was 23.47％.The results had significant difference( x2 =54.34,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe people with dvsfunction of first molars mav be liable to TMD.

Objective To explore the clinical significence of three alternative ways in assessing bronchodilator reversibility in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 18 clinically stable patients with severe COPD were collected. Pulmonary ventilation function and capacity of lung were measured after inhaling compound ipratropium bromide solution before and after nebulised saline, and at intervals. Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) was detected by negative expiratory pressure technique concurrently. Results Compared with placebo,bronchodilator caused a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)%Pred,forced vital capacity (FVC)%Pred and inspiratory capacity (IC)%Pred and a significant decrease in residual volume (RV)%Pred, functional residual capacity (FRC)% Pred and Borg scale. But there were no changes in total lung capacity (TLC)% Pred, 5-point EFL score and breathing pattern variables. The increase of IC was correlated with the reduction of Borg scale, but such correlation did not exist between the increase of FEV1 and the reduction of Borg scale. When ROC curve was applied to assess the significance of IC, 5-point EFL score and FEV1 in evaluating the effects of broncholilator,the area under curve (AUC) of which was 0. 868,0. 681 and 0. 557 respectively.Conclusions Compared with FEV1, IC has higher sensitivity and reliability to evaluate the clinical response of bronchodilator in patients with severe COPD. The 5-point EFL score is not an appropriate measurement of acute bronchodilator response.

Objective To compare negative expiratory pressure (NEP)technique with conventional test in detecting expiratory flow limitation (EFL)in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases( COPD) patients. Methods EFL was measured with NEP technique and conventional method respectively in 72 COPD patients;EFL was measured with NEP technique in 20 COPD patients who failed to perform conventional test. Results EFL was detected in 54 of the 72 COPD patients. NEP test was successfully performed on the 20 patients, and 19 of them were found with EFL. The level of forced expired volume in one second percentage( FEV_1 % ) of the patients with 2-score group (46. 92 ± 12. 74) % and 3-score group (33. 35 ± 8.96)% were significantly lower than that of the 1-score group(63. 60 ±16.65)%. Area under curve of NEP technique and conventional test in ROC is 0. 903 and 0. 761 respectively. Conclusions As compared with conventional test, EFL detected with NEP technique is more reliable in evaluating dyspnea of COPD patients. It is simple and doesn't require any cooperation of the patients. NEP technique can be applied in COPD patients who fail to receive conventional test.