ObjectiveTo explore the method of preparing the tube from chitosan and study the biocompatibility between blood and chitosan. Methods3％ chitosan-based hydrolgels were pro-duced from acetic acid and chitosan. The needles coated with chitosan were submerged in NaOHaqueous solutions. The tubes of chitosan were taken off from the needle. The portosystemic shuntswere created using the tube of chitosan. This model without heparin was observed whether the intes-tinal congestion developed or not. ResultsIt was shown that the chitosan-based tube has blood in 8rats went back to veinal system. ConclusionIt was easy to prepare the tube from chitosan. Thetubes have an excellent biocompatibility with blood.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of familial moyamoya disease in China. Methods The patients w ith familial moyamoya disease admitted to the department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA from March 2009 to June 2012 w ere analyzed retrospectively. Results Of 1 108 patients w ith moyamoya disease admitted to the department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA, 87 patients (7.8%) w ith familial moyamoya disease w ere identified. Familial moyamoya disease w as observed both in the Han nationality and the minority nationalities. The male to female ratio w as 1∶1.02. The age at first onset ranged from 8 months to 59 years. There w ere tw o peak ages -of-onset, 5-9 years and 30-34 years, respectively). The most common initial symptom w as cerebral ischemia (74 .7%). The first degree relatives w ere the most affected in patients w ith familial moyamoya disease (78/87, 89 .66%), in w hich the siblings accounted for most of the disease ( 38/78, 48.72%), and the proportions of mother-to-child inheritance (21/78, 26.92%) and father-to-child inheritance ( 19/78, 24.36%) w ere similar. Conclusions There are tw o peak ages-of-onset, cerebral ischemia is the most common initial symptom, the first degree relatives are the most affected in patients w ith familial moyamoya disease in China.

Headache is one of the most common symptoms in children w ith moyamoya disease. Its related pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and operation effect remain unclear. This article review s the advances in headache in children w ith moyamoya disease by review ing the related literatures on the study of headache in children w ith moyamoya disease.

Objective To explore the significance of negative expiratory pressure technique in detecting expiratory flow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods Negative expiratory pressure technique was performed in 13 special COPD patients who did not accomplish routine pulmonary function tests. Results Negative expiratory pressure technique was executed successfully in 13 special COPD patients without any side-effects. Expiratory flow limitation was detected in 12 special COPD patients. 5-point expiratory flow limitation score was significantly correlated with Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea score, which was a predictor of dyspnea. Conclusions Negative expiratory pressure technique provides a test which is simple, rapid, noninvasive and does not require any initiative cooperation from the patients, it can be applied in special COPD patients who can not accomplish routine pulmonary function tests.

ObjectiveTo observe the pathogenic relationship and the mechanisms between the first molars and the temporomandibular disorders(TMD) by getting epidemiology data.MethodsThe oral examinational people during 2007 to 2011 as investigating objects were selected and epidemiological study was carried out with standard clinical diagnostic criteria for dental caries TMD.ResultsThe people with dysfunctional first molars showed that TMD positive rate was 51.48％,and normal molars was 23.47％.The results had significant difference( x2 =54.34,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe people with dvsfunction of first molars mav be liable to TMD.

Objective To study the effects of nitrobenzene on macrophage function and lymphocyte proliferation in mice. Methods ICR mice were divided into groups and treated with nitrobenzene by gavage,once a day,at doses of 2,20 and 200 mg/kg respectively,for 21 consecutive days.The mice were killed after 21 days of treatment and then the effects of nitrobenzene on the organs index,the maerophage function and the lymphocyte proliferation were determined.Results The maerophage function and the lymphocyte proliferation decreased as the increase of the dose of nitrobenzene.Conclusion The results of the present paper show that nitrobenzene may inhibit the immunity function of mice.

Objective To explore the clinical significence of three alternative ways in assessing bronchodilator reversibility in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 18 clinically stable patients with severe COPD were collected. Pulmonary ventilation function and capacity of lung were measured after inhaling compound ipratropium bromide solution before and after nebulised saline, and at intervals. Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) was detected by negative expiratory pressure technique concurrently. Results Compared with placebo,bronchodilator caused a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)%Pred,forced vital capacity (FVC)%Pred and inspiratory capacity (IC)%Pred and a significant decrease in residual volume (RV)%Pred, functional residual capacity (FRC)% Pred and Borg scale. But there were no changes in total lung capacity (TLC)% Pred, 5-point EFL score and breathing pattern variables. The increase of IC was correlated with the reduction of Borg scale, but such correlation did not exist between the increase of FEV1 and the reduction of Borg scale. When ROC curve was applied to assess the significance of IC, 5-point EFL score and FEV1 in evaluating the effects of broncholilator,the area under curve (AUC) of which was 0. 868,0. 681 and 0. 557 respectively.Conclusions Compared with FEV1, IC has higher sensitivity and reliability to evaluate the clinical response of bronchodilator in patients with severe COPD. The 5-point EFL score is not an appropriate measurement of acute bronchodilator response.

Objective:To optimize the formula of ropivacaine hydrochloride transdermal gel. Methods:The steady transdermal rate and cumulative transdermal percentage in 24 h of ropivacaine hydrochloride gel were used as the indices, an orthogonal design was applied to select the optimal formula, and Design Expert 8. 0. 5. 0 software was used to analyze the results. Results: The optimal formula con-tained 2% carbomer, 10% propylene-glycol and 5% Azone. The steady transdermal rate of the optimal formula was 0. 6951 mg·h-1 · cm-2 . The cumulative transdermal percentage in 24 h of the optimal formula was 91. 04%, which was 22. 79% higher than that of ropiva-caine hydrochloride solution with the same concentration. Design Expert 8. 0. 5. 0 software could predict the steady transdermal rate and cumulative transdermal percentage in 24 h of the optimal formula. Conclusion: The preparation design is reasonable, and the gel has promising properties, which is suitable for skin local application.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of patients with moyamoya disease and renal artery stenosis. Methods The clinical data such as the first symptom,intracranial vascular lesions,renal artery lesions,treatment and follow-up results of the 15 patients with moyamoya disease and complicated with renal artery stenosis (RAS group)and the baseline-matched 30 moyamoya diseased patients without renal artery stenosis (MMD group)treated at the Department of Neurosurgery,the 307 th Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from March 2009 to June 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results (1)The moyamoya diseased patients with renal artery stenosis accounted for 1. 6%(15 / 927)of the total number of patients with moyamoya disease admitted in the same period. In the RAS group,the left renal artery stenosis accounted for 5 cases,the right renal artery stenosis accounted for 4 cases,and the bilateral renal artery stenosis accounted for 6 cases. Mild stenosis accounted for 71. 4%(15 / 21 sides), proximal stenosis accounted for 85. 7% (18 / 21 sides). The incidence of hypertension (80. 0%,n = 12) of the RAS group was significantly higher than that of the MMD group (30. 0%,n =9). There was significant difference (χ2 = 10. 045,P < 0. 05). There was significant difference in the distribution of Suzuki stage between the patients of the two groups (Z = -6. 184,P <0. 01). (2)Four patients underwent interventional therapy,their blood pressure decreased to normal level after procedure. Three patients were followed up for 9 months to 108 months with angiography after interventional treatment. No restenosis occurred in renal artery.
Conclusion The incidence of hypertension in patients with RAS is significantly higher than that without RAS,and there is difference between the degree of intracranial vascular lesions and the patients without RAS. Renal artery stenosis is mainly the proximal mild stenosis. Interventional therapy is an effective method for the treatment of moyamoya disease with severe renal artery stenosis;however,the long-term prognosis needs to be further followed up.

Objective:To investigate the effects of three herb extracts on cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in cultured hu-man dermal fibroblasts. Methods:The human dermal fibroblasts were isolated and cultured with tissue explant culture technique. Im-munohistochemical staining was performed to observe vimentin in fibroblasts. The proliferation of fibroblasts was determined by MTT as-say. Hydroxyproline in the cultural medium was determined by a digestion method. Results:The cells were typical fibroblasts, and the immunohistochemistry staining of vimentin in the cells was positive. The three herb extracts could promote the proliferation of the fibro-blasts at appropriate concentrations in a time-dependent manner. After the 72-hour culture in the medium, 0. 312 5-5. 000 0 mg·ml-1 Aloe vera gel extract, 0. 156 3-2. 500 0 mg·ml-1 Bletilla striata extract and 0. 075 0 mg·ml-1 salvianolate showed significant effects on the proliferation of fibroblasts (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01 vs the blank group). Compared with that in the blank group, the amount of hydroxyproline in the three herb extracts cultural medium was also increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). The effect of salvianolate on the cell proliferation was closely related with time and concentration, and the high concentration group could inhibit the growth of fibroblasts as the extension of time. Conclusion:Aloe vera gel extract, bletilla striata extract and salvianolate can promote the proliferation of fi-broblasts and the production of hydroxyproline, which may contribute to the wound healing.