The function of cellular membrane receptor has been paid more attention in many dieases.Integrin is one of them.The major function of integrin is maintaining the proper structure of tissues by organization of cell-cell and cell-extracelluar matrix tethering.The initiation and prolongation of many diseases are promoted by these receptors.Disintegrin is one important component of the snake venom.It inhibit the adhesive attraction of integrin particularly.This review summarizes the types and the biological activities of snake venom disintegrins,as well as discusses there potential clinical application of the study,such as anti-tumor,anticoagulation,and various human diseases.

The syndrome of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM)includes not only abnor-mal glucose metabolism but also specific microvascular complications that include nephropathy,retinopathy and neuropathy.In the short term,improvement in the quality of life and possible prevention of further morbidity associated with diabetes makes pancreas trans-plantation an important therapeutic option,particularly when combined with a kidney trans-plant,in appropriately selected diabetic patients.The focus of the early management of the pancreas transplant recipient is the prevention of acute rejection.In this article we review the methods for clinical diagnosis of the early acute rejection due to pancreas transplanta-tion.

AIM:To separate and purify a new anti-clotting protein component(ACPF-7221)from the venom of Agkistrodon. The acute toxicity experiment of ACPF-7221 and the death rate were studied and the LD50 and 95% confidence interval were determined in mice. METHODS: The venom of Agkistrodon was separated and purified using ion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow, molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G75, SP-Sepharose Fast Flow and molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G50, the anticoagulation components were recalled using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) activity assay. ACPF-7221 was given to mice by intravenous injection,and the dosage was determined according to the body weight of mice. The LD50 and 95% confidence were calculated by the death outcome. RESULTS: ACPF-7221 was separated and purified,which was a trimer consisted of three kinds of protein and their relative molecular mass were 25000, 30000 and 50000,and the protein level was 65%. The LD50 of ACPF-7221 was 7.848 mg/kg, and its 95% confident interval was 7.353-8.375 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: A new anti-clotting protein component ACPF-7221 was extracted from the venom of Agkistrodon by ion-exchange chromatography,which is a trimer consisted of three kinds of protein. The critical orga of acute toxicity is lung, empsyxis asphyxia deduces death.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one of the common means in multidisciplinary treatment of locally advanced breast cancer,with anthracyclines and taxanes as main chemotherapeutic drugs.In recent years,molecular target agents have significantly improved the efficacy of chemotherapy,as well as have provided more choices and ideas for clinical treatment.Currently,the widely studied molecular targeted drugs include trastuzumab,lapatinib,pertuzumab,T-DM1 and bevacizumab.

Objective To investigate the impact of psoriacis on quality of life in patients with psoriasis. Methods A questionnaire interview included daily life and activities social activities and psychologic status were conducted of. Results 48 patients, 14 patients(29%) were impacted on quatity of life in heavy, 23 patiemts(48%) in middle, 11 patients(23%) in mildly no impact in zero. Conclusion The psoriasis valgaris influenced the Quality of life.

Objective To explore the influence of ROI size on the diagnostic performance of shear wave elstography (SWE) of breast masses.Methods A total of 225 consecutive patients with 239 solid breast masses underwent SWE before surgery,and then quantitative SWE parameters,including the maximum stiffness (Emax),mean stiffness (Emean),ratio of stiffness of the mass to stiffness of surrounding fat (Eratio) and standard deviation (SD),were measured by two methods,one method was using larger ROI to include the largest part of a mass,and the other was placing fixed ROI=2 mm over the stiffest part of the lesion to measure.The diagnostic performance of the two methods were evaluated by ROC curve,and the cut-off value,sensitivity and specificity of each SWE parameter were obtained.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the performance of Emax,Emean and SD from the two different methods (all P＞ 0.05),the performance of Eratio of the two methods showed significant difference (P=0.046).The significantly higher specificity of Emax and Emean in the larger ROI were found,and the significantly higher sensitivity of SD and Eratio in the ROI=2 mm was found.Furthermore,the diagnostic performance of combination of SWE and BI-RADS were not greatly affected by the ROI size,the difference had no statistical significance (all P＞0.05).Conclusion The ROI size only affects the diagnostic performance of Eratio,and donot affect the diagnostic performance of the quantitative SWE parameters (Emax,Emean,SD) and combination of SWE and BI-RADS.

Snake venoms are complex mixtures containing many different biologically active applications in the field of cancer research. In this paper, not only unpurified fraction, but also highly purified snake venoms are discussed,such as rhodostomin, acutobin, agkistrodon halys antithrombotic enzyme, batroxobin. The review mainly introduced the inhibitory effects of snake venoms on tumer metastasis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the complexation of clonazepam with hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin(HP-?-CD)in aqueous solutions.METHODS:The complexation of clonazepam with(HP-?-CD),the inclusion molar ratio of host and guest molecules and thermodynamic parameters were detected using phase solubility method,equimolar series method,UV absorption spectroscopy etc.RESULTS:The solubility of clonazepam increased linearly with the increase of(HP-?-CD)level in aqueous solutions at different temperatures(25℃,35℃and45℃)and in buffers at different pH values(4.0,6.0and7.0),the phase solubility diagram was classified as type AL.CONCLUSIONS:Under the above research condition,the incl_ usion complexes of clonazepam with(HP-?-CD)can be formed spontaneously at a molar ratio of1∶1.

Tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) is the leading cause of clinical chemotherapy failure and death.Researches show that the occurrence of MDR is related to P-glycoprotein,multidrug resistance-associated proteins,breast cancer resistance-associated proteins,lung resistance-related proteins and other factors.Now the reversal strategies of MDR include chemical drugs reversal,gene reversal,immune reversal,traditional Chinese medicine reversal and drug-loaded nano-system reversal,which make some progress and help to improve the effect of cancer chemotherapy.

Objective To study the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system.Methods Through ig giving 0.1％ methyl orange solution,the gastric residual rate was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastric emptying in mice was observed.By ig administration of 5％ carbon powder,the advance rate of carbon powder was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on intestinal motility in normal mice and the antagonistic effect on intestinal motility hyperfunction induced by neostigmine were observed.Effect of Zuojin Pill on contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine was observed.After D-xylose solution was ig given to rats,the serum xylose level was determined 1 h later,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on rat intestinal absorption was observed.The anti-diarrhea effect of Zuojin Pill was observed by giving castor oil to mice.At the same time,we have made a comparison between Zuojin Pill and Wuji Pill-berberine,to evaluate the rationalization of Zuojin Pill.Results It was obvious in experimental results that Zuojin Pill had a regulating effect on gastrointestinal system.Zuojin Pill dose-dependently inhibited the gastric emptying.Zuojin Pill demonstrated more effective suppression on the accelerated movement induced by neostigmine,but did not inhibit normal intestinal transit in mice.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited sperm motility in mice.Zuojin Pill concentration-dependently inhibited the contraction intensity of isolated ileum muscles in guinea pigs induced by histamine.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited diarrhea induced by castor oil.Compared with Wuji Pill-berberine,the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system was more visible in the same dose.Conclusion Zuojin Pill has obvious regulation effect on the gastrointestinal tract,there are indications that the application of Zuojin Pill to clinic is scientific and reasonable.