The function of cellular membrane receptor has been paid more attention in many dieases.Integrin is one of them.The major function of integrin is maintaining the proper structure of tissues by organization of cell-cell and cell-extracelluar matrix tethering.The initiation and prolongation of many diseases are promoted by these receptors.Disintegrin is one important component of the snake venom.It inhibit the adhesive attraction of integrin particularly.This review summarizes the types and the biological activities of snake venom disintegrins,as well as discusses there potential clinical application of the study,such as anti-tumor,anticoagulation,and various human diseases.

The syndrome of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM)includes not only abnor-mal glucose metabolism but also specific microvascular complications that include nephropathy,retinopathy and neuropathy.In the short term,improvement in the quality of life and possible prevention of further morbidity associated with diabetes makes pancreas trans-plantation an important therapeutic option,particularly when combined with a kidney trans-plant,in appropriately selected diabetic patients.The focus of the early management of the pancreas transplant recipient is the prevention of acute rejection.In this article we review the methods for clinical diagnosis of the early acute rejection due to pancreas transplanta-tion.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one of the common means in multidisciplinary treatment of locally advanced breast cancer,with anthracyclines and taxanes as main chemotherapeutic drugs.In recent years,molecular target agents have significantly improved the efficacy of chemotherapy,as well as have provided more choices and ideas for clinical treatment.Currently,the widely studied molecular targeted drugs include trastuzumab,lapatinib,pertuzumab,T-DM1 and bevacizumab.

Objective To investigate the impact of psoriacis on quality of life in patients with psoriasis. Methods A questionnaire interview included daily life and activities social activities and psychologic status were conducted of. Results 48 patients, 14 patients(29%) were impacted on quatity of life in heavy, 23 patiemts(48%) in middle, 11 patients(23%) in mildly no impact in zero. Conclusion The psoriasis valgaris influenced the Quality of life.

Objective To explore the influence of ROI size on the diagnostic performance of shear wave elstography (SWE) of breast masses.Methods A total of 225 consecutive patients with 239 solid breast masses underwent SWE before surgery,and then quantitative SWE parameters,including the maximum stiffness (Emax),mean stiffness (Emean),ratio of stiffness of the mass to stiffness of surrounding fat (Eratio) and standard deviation (SD),were measured by two methods,one method was using larger ROI to include the largest part of a mass,and the other was placing fixed ROI=2 mm over the stiffest part of the lesion to measure.The diagnostic performance of the two methods were evaluated by ROC curve,and the cut-off value,sensitivity and specificity of each SWE parameter were obtained.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the performance of Emax,Emean and SD from the two different methods (all P＞ 0.05),the performance of Eratio of the two methods showed significant difference (P=0.046).The significantly higher specificity of Emax and Emean in the larger ROI were found,and the significantly higher sensitivity of SD and Eratio in the ROI=2 mm was found.Furthermore,the diagnostic performance of combination of SWE and BI-RADS were not greatly affected by the ROI size,the difference had no statistical significance (all P＞0.05).Conclusion The ROI size only affects the diagnostic performance of Eratio,and donot affect the diagnostic performance of the quantitative SWE parameters (Emax,Emean,SD) and combination of SWE and BI-RADS.

Snake venoms are complex mixtures containing many different biologically active applications in the field of cancer research. In this paper, not only unpurified fraction, but also highly purified snake venoms are discussed,such as rhodostomin, acutobin, agkistrodon halys antithrombotic enzyme, batroxobin. The review mainly introduced the inhibitory effects of snake venoms on tumer metastasis.

AIM:To separate and purify a new anti-clotting protein component(ACPF-7221)from the venom of Agkistrodon. The acute toxicity experiment of ACPF-7221 and the death rate were studied and the LD50 and 95% confidence interval were determined in mice. METHODS: The venom of Agkistrodon was separated and purified using ion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow, molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G75, SP-Sepharose Fast Flow and molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G50, the anticoagulation components were recalled using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) activity assay. ACPF-7221 was given to mice by intravenous injection,and the dosage was determined according to the body weight of mice. The LD50 and 95% confidence were calculated by the death outcome. RESULTS: ACPF-7221 was separated and purified,which was a trimer consisted of three kinds of protein and their relative molecular mass were 25000, 30000 and 50000,and the protein level was 65%. The LD50 of ACPF-7221 was 7.848 mg/kg, and its 95% confident interval was 7.353-8.375 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: A new anti-clotting protein component ACPF-7221 was extracted from the venom of Agkistrodon by ion-exchange chromatography,which is a trimer consisted of three kinds of protein. The critical orga of acute toxicity is lung, empsyxis asphyxia deduces death.

[Summary] Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) agents play important roles in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Moreover, these agents also show various protective effects on cardiovascular system. GLP-1 agents improve vascular endothelial function, ameliorate the risk factors of cardiovascular disease including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, delay the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis, and protect against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure. Therefore, GLP-1 agents may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases at different stages and in multiple aspects.

Objective To study the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system.Methods Through ig giving 0.1％ methyl orange solution,the gastric residual rate was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastric emptying in mice was observed.By ig administration of 5％ carbon powder,the advance rate of carbon powder was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on intestinal motility in normal mice and the antagonistic effect on intestinal motility hyperfunction induced by neostigmine were observed.Effect of Zuojin Pill on contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine was observed.After D-xylose solution was ig given to rats,the serum xylose level was determined 1 h later,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on rat intestinal absorption was observed.The anti-diarrhea effect of Zuojin Pill was observed by giving castor oil to mice.At the same time,we have made a comparison between Zuojin Pill and Wuji Pill-berberine,to evaluate the rationalization of Zuojin Pill.Results It was obvious in experimental results that Zuojin Pill had a regulating effect on gastrointestinal system.Zuojin Pill dose-dependently inhibited the gastric emptying.Zuojin Pill demonstrated more effective suppression on the accelerated movement induced by neostigmine,but did not inhibit normal intestinal transit in mice.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited sperm motility in mice.Zuojin Pill concentration-dependently inhibited the contraction intensity of isolated ileum muscles in guinea pigs induced by histamine.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited diarrhea induced by castor oil.Compared with Wuji Pill-berberine,the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system was more visible in the same dose.Conclusion Zuojin Pill has obvious regulation effect on the gastrointestinal tract,there are indications that the application of Zuojin Pill to clinic is scientific and reasonable.

Objective To analyze the correlation between health quotient and quality of life by investigated and studied the relationship between the two. Methods One hundred and ninty three caregivers of cancer patients were investigated by the general situation questionnaire, Health Quotient Questionnaire and Health Survey Short Form (SF-36). Results Different age, gender, education, marriage status, income, occupation, whether suffering from chronic diseases, physical examination frequency, care time and care relationship had a significant differences on quality of life of caregivers ( t/F=7.618-21.043, P < 0.05 or 0.01); the dimension scores of health quotient of caregivers were self-care (4.87±1.65) points, health knowledge (4.53±1.50) points, life style (4.47±1.65) points, state of mind (4.66± 1.87) points, life skills (4.73±1.78) points, were all on the alert value;caregiver′s level influenced by age, income, education level, occupation, whether suffering from chronic diseases and other factors (F=5.227-11.143, P<0.05);the dimension of health quotientand quality of life of caregivers were significantly correlated (r=0.506-0.771, P<0.01). Conclusions The status on quality of life and health quotient of caregivers are poor, and there is a positive correlation between the two, the level of health quotient is higher, the quality of life is better. Therefore, as for improving the quality of nursing care, clinical nursing staff should pay more attention to improve their health quotient level so as to improve the quality of life better.