As a clinical diagnosis and treatment of low back pain,straight leg raising test has been used most commonly more than 100 years.It is simple and practical,and has a high clinical value.As a very mature orthopedic special examination,straight leg raising test progress in non-orthopedic applications more often than orthopedic aspects.Of course,the most important thing is the diagnosis of low back pain,followed by the treatment of low back pain,and then can be used as a respiratory and circulatory aspect of diagnosis and treatment options.This article elaborated the principle of straight leg raising test and the clinical research progress in order to give the clinician some guidance.

Objective To investigate the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on postoperative psychosocial adaptation in breast cancer patients. Methods 120 breast cancer patients were divided into two groups by random number table:58 cases in the observation group and 62 cases in the control group. They all received routine nursing care and the observation group also received acceptance and commitment therapy intervention, including acceptance, cognitive diffusion,being present, self as context, values and committed action. Psychological and Social Adaptation Questionnaire for Breast Cancer Patient (PSAQ-B) was used to investigate their psychosocial adaptation before and after the intervention. Results The intervention group was observed in patients with anxiety/depression, self-esteem and self-acceptance, attitude, sense of belonging, self-control and self-efficacy score was respectively (30.14 ± 5.08), (31.68 ± 5.77), (30.03 ± 5.35), (33.68 ± 5.56), (32.86 ± 5.63) points, the control group were (23.75 ± 3.68), (28.87±4.86), (26.12 ± 4.53), (29.18 ± 5.26), (29.06 ± 4.75) points, the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant (t = 6.016- 6.540, all P < 0.05). Conclusions Acceptance and commitment therapy can effectively improve the psychosocial adaptation status in breast cancer patients after surgery to help improve their quality of life.

Objective: To establish an experimental model of atherosclerosis in rats and to study the atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta,heart and liver.Methods: The rats in experimental groups were injected with a single dose of vitamin D (600 000 IU/kg) and loaded with high fat diet;control group was given saline and basic food.The pathological changes were observed in the aorta,heart and liver after 2,4,6 weeks.The scores were evaluated according to the pathological degrees.Results: No changes were observed after 2 weeks,but after 4 weeks atheroslerotic plaques were seen in the aorta and the score of the lesions were 0.50?0.39; a little lipid were found in coronary arteries;deposition of lipid was seen in the myocardium; many positive red pellets were found in the plasma of cells in the liver.After 6 weeks,more atheroslerotic plaques were observed in the aorta,and atheroslerotic plaques in coronary arteries were formed (pathological score 1.12?0.48); abundant positive red pellets were found in the plasma of the cardiac myocyte.The pathological changes occurred in rats were very similar to that of man.Conclusion: The experimental model of atherosclerosis in rat may be conveniently established by injection of vitamin D with loading of high fat diet,which can be used for the pathological and pharmacological study of atherosclerosis.

Many studies have shown that chronic inflammation occurs in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is well known that long-term administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can alleviate the cognitive decline of AD patient and elderly. Several inflammatory cytokines produced in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) are closely related to inflammatory diseases. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) play a crucial role in the AA network, the products eicosanoids have an important impact on the progression of AD. Although there are many arguments and conflicting evidence, currently LOXs and COXs are still the hot topics in the research on AD pathogenesis and drug development. Here, we review the progress in research on COXs and LOXs, including their actions on CNS and their association with AD, and explore the feasibility of LOXs and COXs as targets for the drugs to prevent and/or treat AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; prevention & control ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Arachidonic Acid ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Lipoxygenases ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin H2 ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; metabolism

This study is to investigate the protein and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in U937 foam cells and effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the cytokines.U937 cells were cultured with different concentrations of GbE (0.1,1,and 10 μg·L-1),and stimulated by 100 mg·L-1 oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h.The expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in culture solution were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The results showed that incubated with 100 mg·L-1 ox-LDL for 24 h,the U937 cells became foam cells,the protein or mRNA expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-10,and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells were higher markedly than those in normal U937 cells.When the cells were pretreated with GbE (0.1,1,and 10 μg·L-1),the increases of IL-1β and TNF-α in U937 foam cells were remarkably inhibited,but IL-10 expression increased greatly.Especially when cells were pretreated with 10 μg·L-1 GbE,the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α were markedly lower than those in U937 foam cells.The protein expression of IL-10 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R were markedly higher than those in U937 foam cells.GbE inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α,but up-regulated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells,which might be related with its anti-atherosclerotic actions.

ObjectiveTo study HIV-1 DNA levels in different parts of HIV patients during the early stage of antiretroviral therapy.MethodsThe peripheral blood,gut associated lymphoid tissues and lymph nodes samples were collected before and 12 weeks after treatment in regular follow-up HIV-1/AIDS patients in Beijing Youan Hospital ( n =11 ).The average age was 39 years old ( 25 to 55 ).Mononuclear Cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and then used DNA extraction kit to extract DNA.Realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to examine HIV-1 DNA copy-number.Non-parametric test was used to analyse the differences of HIV-1 DNA copy numbers among groups.Results Before treatment,HIV-1 DNA copy-number in both gut associated lymphoid tissues ( 10 714 ± 2043 ) copies/106 cells and lymph nodes (9145 ± 1202) copies/106 cells were higher than that in the peripheral blood (66 ± 8) copies/106 cells ( U =0.00,P ＜0.05 ),There was no significant difference between lymph nodes and gut associated lymphoid tissues (U =46.00,P ＞0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment,HIV-1 DNA copy-number in both gut associated lymphoid tissues (1701 ± 790) copies/106 cells and lymph node (11 591 ± 1781 ) copies/106 cells were higher than the peripheral blood ( 18 ± 3 ) copies/106 cells ( Z =- 2.934,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was a significant reduction of DNA copy-number in gut associated lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood after treatment (Z =- 2.934,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Gut associated lymphoid tissues and lymph nodes may be important latent reservoirs for HIV-1 DNA.

Objective To study the expression of multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) and MRP2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with intractable epilepsy (IE).Methods During Nov.2010 to Oct.2013,50 children with I E were collected as the experimental group,simultaneously 50 children with epilepsy controlled by the anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and 50 healthy children without epilepsy were collected as the control group from the outpatient or inpatient of Xuzhou Children's Hospital.The expressions of MRP1 and MRP2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results 1.The mean relative expression of MRP1 and MRP2 mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with IE (0.795 ± 0.042,0.804 ± 0.023) were higher than those in epilepsy controlled by AEDs (0.682 ± 0.030,0.675 ± 0.021) and healthy children without epilepsy (0.665 ± 0.031,0.654 ± 0.029) (all P ＜0.001).2.The mean relative expression of MRP1 and MRP2 protein in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with IE (2.027 ±0.034,1.902 ±0.021) were higher than those in epilepsy controlled by AEDs(1.131 ±0.042,1.086 ± 0.027) and healthy children without epilepsy (1.093 ± 0.023,1.045 ± 0.018) (all P ＜ 0.001).3.There was no difference in the expression of MRP1,MRP2 mRNA and proteins between the children with epilepsy controlled by AEDs and healthy children without epilepsy (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions MRP1 and MRP2 over-expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with IE may be associated with drug-resistance mechanism for medically intractable epilepsy.

Objective To investigate the status quo of psychological capital and compassion fatigue in operating room nurses and to analyze the correlation between them.Method One hundred and ninety nurses from an operating room of four First-Class Grade A general hospitals in Beijing were engaged in the investigation by psychological capital questionnaire and compassion fatigue scales.Results The total score on psychological capital was (78.60±8.72) and the total score on compassion fatigue was (111.53 ±9.88).The mental capital was negatively correlated with compassion fatigue (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The psychological capital of the nurses in the operating room is at the middle level and the sympathetic fatigue is at a high level.The higher the psychological capital,the lower the sympathetic fatigue.Nursing administrators can improve the psychological capital of the nurses in the operating room to reduce their sympathy and fatigue so as to improve the level of mental health of nurses in the operating room.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) in gallbladder mucosal epithelium of normal persons,in patients with simple/calculous cholecystitis,and in patients with gallbladder carcinoma;and to study the mechanism of YAP1 in gallbladder carcinoma development.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and distribution of YAP1 protein in 50 persons with normal gallbladder,101 patients with simple cholecystitis/calculous cholecystitis and 100 patients with gallbladder carcinoma.RT-PCR and western-blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of YAP1 in normal and malignant gallbladder mucosal epithelium cells.siRNA was used to shut down the expression of YAP1 in SGC996 cells.MTT was used to test cell vitality.Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle.Results Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression rates of YAP1 in the gallbladder carcinoma group,the cholecystitis/gallstone group and the control group to be 87.0％ (87/100),56.4％ (57/101) and 5.0％ (1/20),respectively (P ＜ 0.01).The YAP1 protein levels were higher in gallbladder carcinoma tissues and cells when compared to normal tissues and cells.RT-PCR showed the mRNA levels of gallbladder carcinoma cells to be 12.5 ± 1.2 times of normal gallbladder mucosal epithelial cells (P ＜ 0.05).After using siRNA to shut down the YAP1 expression,EMT associated proteins were down-regulated,cell vitality was decreased,and cell cycle was arrested in the S-phase.Conclusions YAP1 is closely related to cell proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.It may promote tumor progression through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.transition;Tumor progress

Objective To identify and analyze the plasmid (pR_ ST98 ) encoding multi-resistance to anti-microbial agents in S.typhi presenting the Salmonella plasmid virulence gene (spv).Methods Plasmid pR_ ST98 ,which could mediate virulence to its host bacteria, was used as the templete. The spv-specific PCR and Southern blot were employed to identify the spv virulence gene on this plasmid. The amplified spv fragments (spvR and spvB) were cloned into pGEM-T EASY.Then the DNA sequences were analysed. Results The date of PCR and Southern blot showed that spv,which had been found in other pathogenetic Salmonella spp. except S. typhi was also presented on pR_ ST98 . The ORF of spvR and spvB of pR_ ST98 were 894bp and 1 776bp respectively. They had more than 99% homologus with that of spvR and spvB on virulence plasmid in S.typhmurium.Conclusion From the results of PCR,Southern blot and nuclei acid sequencing, we concluded that this is the first report of revealing a mosaic-like plasmid carrying genes encoding not only drug resistance but also virulence in S.typhi.