Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Radiography

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD1 ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Female ; Granuloma, Respiratory Tract ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary ; pathology

Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; metabolism ; pathology ; Silicosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; metabolism

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Panniculitis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative ; pathology ; Prednisone ; administration & dosage ; Vincristine ; administration & dosage

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Sarcoidosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; pathology ; Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; pathology

Proinsulin is the precursor of mature insulin.Proinsulin to insulin ratio reflects the degree of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and the progression of type 2 diabetes, and may predict the risk of diabetes development.Some variants in susceptibility genes of diabetes are associated with the elevation of proinsulin to insulin ratio.Moreover, several antidiabetic drugs are able to decrease the proinsulin to insulin ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes.Therefore, the proinsulin to insulin ratio may act as a simple and useful indicator in the etiological study, risk prediction, disease progression and therapeutical evaluation in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To study the characteristics of negative physical self of adolescents from Han, Tibet and Yi nationalities.Methods: 990 adolescents from Han (n=455), Tibet (n=345) and Yi (n=190) nationalities were assessed with Negative Physical Self Scale.Results:Generally, adolescents from the three nationalities were satisfied to their own body (average score 1.34?0.37), and there was no interaction between race and sex.The main effect of the race was significant in the total negative physical self and four sub-dimensions (general feature, appearance, fat, thinness).With their negative physical self, appearance and thinness, the Yi were significantly more dissatisfied than those from Han and Tibet nationalities (Yi:1.42?0.03,1.58?0.06,1.05?0.05; Han:1.26?0.02,1.23?0.04,0.89?0.03; Tibet: 1.26?0.03,1.15?0.05,0.88?0.04, P

The study of protein-surface interactions represents one of the most important topics in the field of biomaterials.It is believed that blood cells do not actually contact the biomaterial surface directly,but rather interact with the molecular structure of the adsorbed protein layer.Therefore,protein plays a key role in regulation and induction of cells.It provides ideas for biomaterials designing that exploring the molecular mechanism of controlling protein adsorption and regulating cell response.This paper reviews the research progress of the interactions of protein and surfaces,and prospects the future research direction.