Objective To evaluate the clinical,biological,electrophysiological characteristics with sensory neuronopathies(SNN).Methods The clinical,biological,electrophysiological data of all patients who were diagnosed by specialists in Chang Hai Hospital from 2008 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The age of onset were between 50 and 70 years old;the average was 61 yesars old;the male-to-female ratio was 51,on admission,the common manifest were the loss of superficial sense and deep sense with limbs,sensory ataxia,areflexia,nerve electro-physiology showed the reduce or disappear of sensory nerve action potential(SNAP),cerebrospinal showed moderately elevated protein.Conclusion SNN should be considered in those whose symptoms accompanying with superficial sense and deep sense damage and the reduce or disappear of sensory nerve action potential.

Objective To observe the impact of DPP4 inhibitor Saxagliptin on body weight of type 2 diabetes patients. Methods In this randomized and parallel study,50 patients were given either Saxagliptin(n=25)or Glimepiride(n=24). The changes of body weight, HbA1c and hypoglycemic events were observated in 12 weeks. Results There were no significant difference in gender,age and body weight between 2 groups(P>0. 05). After 12 weeks treatment,body weight has significant changed in both group,and the weight changes were sig-nificant differet in two groups:an average of 0. 4 kg weight was increased in Glimepiride group and 0. 4 kg weight was decreased in Saxagliptin group (P<0. 05). The change of HbA1c level has no statistical difference in two groups (P>0. 05). Hypoglycemia event was happened four times in Glimepiride group,while no hypoglycemia event was happened in Saxagliptin group. Conclusion Compared with Glimepiride,Saxa-gliptin provides similar hypoglycemic action with less hypoglycemia,at the same time,Saxagliptin yields better results in lowering weight.

Objective To evaluate the influence of different antigen retrieval methods and pH values of fixatives on immunostaining of incised wound skin.Methods 3d-post-incision mouse skin were sampled and fixed in 4% formalin buffered with PBS at pH 5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0 and 9.0.The deparaffinized sections were treated 0.01mmol citrate buffuer(pH 6.0)in high pressure cooker or by microwave heating,or with pepsin,trypsin or microwave+pepsin.Thereafter,immunostainings of caspase-3,caspase-6,caspase-7,IL-8,and IL-10 were evaluated by immunohistochemical SABC method with ratio of immunostaining-positive cells,respectively.Results The immunostaining-positive cell ratios in sections treated by heating retrieval was higher than by proteinase treatment.The positive cell ratio was slightly higher by high pressure than by microwave heating.Sections were more easier peeled off during high pressure treatment than during micrwave heating.Sections treated with pepsin were fallen off easier than with trypsin digestion.The highest positive cell ratio was detected in sections by microwave+trypsin treatment without section peeling off among all antigen treatment methods.The best result was obtained in sections fixed in buffered formalin at pH 7.0 and 8.0.Conclusion The best immunostaining result may be obtained in mouse incised wound sections fixed in buffered formalin at pH 7.0 and 8.0 with microwave+trypsin treatment.

Objective To investigate the expressions of caspase-6,-7 during skin wound healing and the applicability of the time-dependent expressions of caspase-6,-7 to determination of the wound age.Method The expressions of caspase-6,-7 were studied in skin incised wound in mice by immunohistochemical SABC method,and the non-incised mouse skin was used as control.Results Expressions of caspase-6,-7 were detectable in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the wound specimens aged 6h. In the wound specimens aged from 12h to 24h after injury, caspase-6,-7 were identified in a large number of infiltrating PMNs and part of mononuclear cells (MNCs). Afterwards, the MNCs and fibroblastic cells (FBCs) accounted for the most part of the caspase-6,-7-positive cells. Morphometrically, the ratios of the number of the caspase-6,-7-stained PMNs, MNCs and FBCs to total number of the cells in the wounds were evaluated and calculated. The ratios of the caspase-6,-7-positive cells were low in the wound specimens aged from 0h to 3h, and maximized in the wound specimens aged 3 day. Thereafter, the ratios decreased and minimized in the specimens aged 14 day.Conclusion The results suggest that caspase-6,-7 were expressed in neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts during healing process of skin incised wound in mice. Caspase-6,-7 may be used as a marker for the wound age determination.

Hitherto, it is reported that caspase family includes 14 members at least, which play important roles in executing cell apoptosis. Experimental studies have proved that caspases are expressed and activated in the injured skin and during skin wound healing, which suggests that cell apoptosis induced by caspases may occur. Further investigation on the roles that caspases play in the injured skin and during skin wound healing may offer a new way for the clinical treatment of the skin wound and the medico-legal wound age determination. The article reviews the biologic characters of caspases and the advances in the studies on the caspases in the skin wound and wound healing. It is suggested that caspases exert significant parts during skin wound healing, which are worthy of further investigation.

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the teaching method PBL in gynecology and obstetric education. Methods We took PBL in teaching Acute Gynecological Abdomen Pain in 102 students between 2008 and 2009. Results Questionnaire results and high scores in tests suggested that the students showed great subjective initiative in studies.PBL can cultivate students'self-learning capability,improve their ability of analyzing and solving prob-lems. Conclusion PBL is a better way in clinical medical education and worthwhile to be further researched and carried out.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of heart-regulating and mind-calming acupuncture on the expression of gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) in myocardial cells in a rabbit model of ventricular arrhythmia.MethodA rabbit model of ventricular arrhythmia was made by injecting barium chloride into the marginal ear vein. Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into control, model, acupuncture and medication groups. The acupuncture group received heart-regulating and mind-calming acupuncture[at Lingtai(GV10), Shendao(GV11), bilateral Neiguan(PC6)and Baihui(GV20)]and the medication group, oral gavage of propafenone. Rabbit left ventricle was taken after the completion of the experiment. Cx43 expressions were compared and analyzed usingan immunohistochemical staining technique and a computer image processing system.ResultCx43 expression decreased significantly in the model group compared with the control group (P<0.01) and increased in the acupuncture and medication groups compared with the model group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Cx43 expression between the acupuncture and medication groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Adjusting Cx43 expression in myocardial cells may be one of the target points for this acupuncture treatment of arrhythmia.

Objective To study the percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), mononuclear cells (MNC) and fibroblastic cells (FBC) in different post-traumatic intervals after skeletal muscle me-chanical injury in rats. Methods The rat model of skeletal muscle mechanical injury was established. The rats were divided into injured groups (6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after injury ) and con-trol group. The percentages of PMN, MNC and FBC in different post-traumatic intervals after skeletal muscle mechanical injury were assessed with HE staining and image analysis. Results At post-injury 6-12 h, the percentages of PMN and MNC infiltration appeared in injured sites and that of PMN reached peak. At 1 d, the percentage of MNC infiltration appeared and reached peak, while that of PMN de-creased. At 3-7 d, the percentage of FBC gradually increased, while that of PMN and MNC decreased. At 10-14 d, the percentage of FBC reached peak. Conclusion The percentages of PMN, MNC and FBC in injured zones showed time-dependent changes, which might be used as reference index for determination of age of skeletal muscle injury.

Objective To investigate the significance of anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin(MCV)an- tibody in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and study the correlation among anti-CCP,other antoantibodies and clinical manifestations of RA.Methods Anti-MCV antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)in 166 serum samples including 74 from RA(18 cases with early RA and 56 cases with late RA),50 from non-RA rheumatic diseases and 42 cases of healthy blood donors.At the same time,other antuoantibod- ies were detected by different techniques,and their clinical meaning was investigated with the corresponding clinical data.Results Anti-MCV was found in 78%(58/74)of RA.The sensitivity and specificity of Anti- MCV in RA were 78% and 95%.The positive and negative predictive value was 97% and 71%.The average cut off concentration of Anti-MCV was(552?380)U/ml in RA,(162?63)U/ml in non-RA and(63?46)U/ml in healthy control.Anti-MCV was strongly correlated to anti-CCP(r=0.502,P=0.000),then AKA(r=0.408)anti APF(r=0.369).No differences was found between Anti-MCV and other clinical/laboratory parameters(P＞0.05). Conclusion Anti-MCV antibody may be a valuable diagnostic parameter for RA.Anti-MCV is more strongly correlated to anti-CCP than APE and AKA.It may not relate to disease activity and/or severity.

Endemic dental fluorosis has been reported in some regions of the world. China seemed to have high prevalence of endemic dental fluorosis, especially in southwest China. It is now most likely that excessive fluoride intake during enamel development play a key role in the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis. However, excessive intake of fluoride-induced cellular and molecular mechanisms of dental fluorosis are not entirely conclusive. Scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of research on pathogenesis of enamel fluorosis by using various experimental techniques. More recent studies mainly suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium overload-associated apoptotic pathway may participate in fluoride excess-evoked pathogenesis of dental fluorosis. Furthermore, the functional changes of enamel matrix protein and protease activity may be involved in the pathological event. This paper summarized the recent research progress on this topic.