Age Factors ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Child, Preschool ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the intervention effects of electroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) on rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide experiment references for acupuncture to treat T2DM.

METHODSAmong seventy male Wistar clean-grade rats, 8 rats were randomly selected into a control group; the rest rats were made T2DM model. Fifty-two rats which were successfully made T2DM model, according to randomized block method, were divided into a model group (10 rats), a medication group (10 rats), an electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" (BL 23) group (11 rats), an electroacupuncture at "Pishu" (BL 20) group (10 rats) and an electroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) group (11 rats). Seven days after successful establishment of model, the rats in the model group were fixed in the self-made rat bag without receiving any treatment; the rats in the medication group, according to body mass (10 mL/kg), were treated with intragastric administration of glimepiride; the rats in all the electroacupuncture groups were treated with electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" (BL 23), "Pishu" (BL 20) and "Yishu" (EX-B 3), respectively. The continuous wave was selected with a frequency of 15 Hz and a current intensity of 4 to 6 mA. The treatment was given 20 min per treatment, once a day, 5 treatments per week for continuous 4 weeks. Before the establishment of model and continuous 4 weeks after the intervention, blood samples were collected from rats' caudal vein, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured with FBG device each week. After the last intervention, the rats were killed and hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal gland were collected. The colorimetric method was applied to measure the contents of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C); radioimmunoassay was used to test the contents of glycated serum protein (GSP), fasting insulin (FINS), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortin (CORT).

RESULTSFour weeks after the intervention, except that the rat's body mass in the normal group continued to increase, body mass in the model group, medication group and each electroacupuncture group were significantly reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the FBG in the electroacupuncture at "Pishu" (BL 20) group and electroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) group were obviously reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01); FBG in the electroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) group was lower than that in the medication group and electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" (BL 23) group (both P<0.05). The contents of TG, HDL-C and LDL-C in the electroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) group were reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01), the content of TG was significantly lower than that in the medication group and electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" (BL 23) group (both P<0.05), the content of LDL-C was significantly lower than that in electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" (BL 23) group (P<0.05). Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) in the medication group, electroacupuncture at "Pishu" (BL 20) group and electroacupuncture at "Yishu (EX-B 3)" group were evidently increased (P<0.05, P<0.01); ISI in the medication group was lower than that in the electroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) group (P<0.05). The content of CRH in the electroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) group was lower than that in the medication group and electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" (BL 23) group (P<0.05, P<0.01); the content of CORT in the electroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) group was lower than that in the medication group and electroacupuncture at "Pishu" (BL 20) group (both P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture at "Yishu" (EX-B 3) could reduce the level of CORT to improve the insulin resistance in rats with T2DM, improve insulin sensitivity index, regulate blood lipid metabolism and relieve the hyperactivity of the HPA axis.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The phytoestrogen genistein has been shown to relax agonist-preconstricted arteries in vitro, the mechanism of this relaxation remains incompletely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of phytoestrogen genistein on the tension of rabbit femoral arteries in vitro and to determine the mechanism of such relaxation. The results are as follows: (1) genistein (10~40 micromol/L) relaxed femoral arterial rings in a concentration-dependent manner under the condition of precontraction induced by phenylephrine (PE, 1 micromol/L); (2) removal of the endothelium significantly inhibited genistein-induced relaxation; (3) pretreatment with NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 micromol/L) also significantly inhibited this relaxation by genistein, implying that the concentration-dependent vasorelaxation caused by genistein is endothelium-dependent and involved nitric oxide; and (4) pretreatment with an L-type calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644 (0.5 micromol/L), also significantly inhibited the genistein-induced relaxation in both endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rings. The results suggest that the genistein-induced vascular relaxation of these rabbit arteries is partially endothelium-dependent and involves calcium antagonistic mechanism.
Animals ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Femoral Artery ; drug effects ; physiology ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the stress level during parachuting training by salivary biomarker and to study the dynamic characteristics.

METHODSTwenty recruits of military parachuting training completed 8 trainings in a month. The saliva samples were collected at 2 h and 1h before boarding and at 0.5 h after landing on the 1st, 4th and 7th trainings. The levels of cortisol, chromogranin A and α-amylase in saliva samples were detected.

RESULTSThe concentrations of cortisol, chromogranin A and activity of α-amylase increased significantly from pre-boarding to landing during 3 trainings. The concentrations of cortisol, chromogranin A and activity of α-amylase at 2 h before boarding and at 0.5 h after landing decreased significantly with the training times. However, the changes of 3 biomarkers at 1 h before boarding among 3 trainings were not significant.

CONCLUSIONThe levels of stress increased significantly for 20 recruits from pre-boarding to landing during parachuting trainings. The stress levels of 20 recruits before boarding and after landing significantly decreased with parachuting training times.

Aviation ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Chromogranin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; analysis ; Male ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Stress, Psychological ; Young Adult ; alpha-Amylases ; analysis

The effects of genistein (GST) on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) were investigated in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. [Ca(2+)](i) was detected by confocal microscopy and represented by relative fluorescent intensity (FI-F(0)) /FI(0), %). The results showed that GST (10-40 micromol/L) reduced [Ca(2+)](i) in normal Tyrode's solution, Ca(2+)-free Tyrode's solution and normal Tyrode's solution containing 3 mmol/L EGTA in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of GST on [Ca(2+)](i) in normal Tyrode's solution were partially inhibited by pretreatment with sodium orthovanadate, a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase, or L-type Ca(2+) channel agonist Bay K8644. GST also markedly inhibited the ryanodine-induced [Ca(2+)](i) responses in Ca(2+)-free Tyrode's solution. When Ca(2+) waves were produced by increasing extracellular Ca(2+) concentration from 1 to 10 mmol/L, GST (40 micromol/L) could block the propagating waves of elevated [Ca(2+)](i), and reduce the velocity and duration of propagating waves. These results suggest that GST may reduce the [Ca(2+)](i) in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel, tyrosine kinase inhibition, and alleviation of Ca(2+) release from SR are possibly involved in the GST effect.
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Ventricles ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism ; Vanadates ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo examine the distributions of beta-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein in the tooth germ, and obtain the messages of function of the two factors and the relationship between them.

METHODSMice were selected and cohabited with the ratio of female mice to male ones being 2:1, and Embryo day 0.5 was confirmed based on the finding of vaginal plug. The distributions of beta-catenin and APC protein in the Embryos on day 13.5, 14.5, 15.5, 16.5, 17.5 were examined in the paraffin-embedded sections by immunohistochemistry methods.

RESULTSDuring E13.5 d to E17.5 d, positive expression of beta-catenin was found in the oral epithelium and the dental lamina, and became more and more strong. The staining were whole cell. During the bud stage, strong positive expression of APC protein was found in the oral epithelium and the dental lamina, but the expression displayed a down-regulation tendency. The staining was the cytomembrane and cytoplasm. There was negative correlation between beta-catenin and APC protein (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe result of beta-catenin suggests its contribution in the early development of enamel organ and the proliferation of cell. Coincidance of the two factors staining site was found, according to the statistics.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Animals ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Tooth Germ ; beta Catenin

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Carotid Arteries ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; blood supply ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

ABSTRACT:Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence,insidious onset,long duration and poor prognosis.”Disease prevention” theory has important significance in preventing incidence,blocking development,prevention of recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer.This paper discussed main methods of prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer,which are disease prevention,prevention of disease incidence,preventing disease from exacerbating,and prevention of recurrence.

objecfive To know and compare the intelligence level of children born in different time periods in regions with iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Liaoning province.Methods All 7-14 year-old children from ten schools were chosen as the subjects respectively from six villages in each of the six counties and in regions with iodine deficiency,who were respectively born at the initialization of iodinated salt supplying period(1978-1980);non-iodinated salt supplying period(1981-1990);recovery of supplied iodized salt period(1991-1995);universal iodized salt period(1996-2000),respectively.Intelligence quotient(IQ)was measured by Combined Ravens Test in China(CRT-C)and Combined Ravens Test-the Rural,in China,2nd edition(CRT-RC2).Results IQ of children during the non-iodized salt period(91.9±14.3)was significantly lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(95.8±14.6,q=8.60,P<0.01),recovery of supplied iodized salt period(99.7±14.7)was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period(q = 9.53, 18.13, all P < 0.01 ),universal salt iodization( 104.3 ± 14.9) was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period, recovery of supplied salt iodization(q = 20.00,28.00,10.46, all P < 0.01). Children's rate of mental retardation (IQ≤69) was higher in non-iodinated salt supplying period (6.7%, 88/1314 ) than the initial supply of iodized salt (4.4%, 21/471, χ2 = 3.85, P < 0.05), recovery of supplied iodized salt period(3.3%,48/1470) was significantly lower than non-iodinzed salt supplying period (χ2 = 15.37, P < 0.01), universal salt iodization period(2.7%, 36/1344) was lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(χ2 = 4.41, P < 0.05) and non-iodinzed salt supplying period(χ2 = 26.34, P < 0.01 ). The IQ and intelligent retarded rates in children born during the initial years of iodinated salt supplying period were not different. The IQ of the children during ten years of non-iodized salt supplying period fluctuated in a "∪" curve, while the intelligent retardation rates in a "∩" curve.The children born during the period of recovery supplied iodized salt increased their IQ and lowered the retardation rates year after year. The IQ of the children in universal iodized salt period kept on increasing while intelligent retarded rates reduced to the lowest level. Conclusions The intelligence level of children born in regions with IDD during non-iodized salt supplying period is remarkably lower than that of the beginning years of iodinated salt supplying period. The intelligence level of children born after universal iodized salt period is remarkably higher than that of the initial iodinated salt supplying period and recovery of supplied iodized salt period, respectively.

OBJECTIVEAlmost every neonate receives Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in China. The authors' previous study showed that BCG promoted cord blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells maturation and induced high level of interleukin (IL)-10, medium level of interferon (IFN)-gamma, but low level of IL-4 production by cord naive T cells. The experiments in the present study were designed to explore the effects of neonatal BCG vaccination on immune functional development of splenic T cells in mice in vivo.

METHODSNeonatal BALB/c mice were inoculated with BCG intraperiotoneally. Four weeks later, spleen cells of mice were isolated and surface molecular markers of CD4, CD25 and CD44 and intracellular IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-4 in CD3(+) T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Furthermore, mRNA expression of transcription factor T-bet, Foxp3 and GATA-3 were analyzed by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe percentage of total CD4(+) T cells decreased [(23.50 +/- 2.59)% vs. (47.38 +/- 10.41)%, P < 0.01] but the percentage of CD25(+) [(24.92 +/- 2.74)% vs. (20.27 +/- 2.85)%, P < 0.05] and CD44(+) [(89.29 +/- 2.56)% vs. (82.98 +/- 5.51)%, P < 0.05] T cells in CD4(+) T cells was higher in BCG-vaccinated mice than that in controls. Meanwhile, the percentage of IFN-gamma positive [(6.52 +/- 2.40)% vs. (3.13 +/- 2.03)%, P < 0.05] and IL-10 positive [(14.81 +/- 3.65)% vs. (10.90 +/- 1.61)%, P < 0.05] but not IL-4 positive [(1.17 +/- 0.46)% vs (1.51 +/- 0.75)%, P > 0.05] cells in CD3(+) T cells of BCG-vaccinated mice was significantly higher than that of non-BCG-vaccinated mice. In comparison with BCG-naive mice, T-bet was significantly high in BCG-vaccinated mice [T-bet/beta-actin 0.44 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference in GATA-3 [GATA-3/beta-actin 0.46 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.10,P > 0.05] and Foxp3 [Foxp3/beta-actin vs. 0.27 +/- 0.11 and 0.30 +/- 0.16, P > 0.05] mRNA expression between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONNeonatal BCG vaccination could induce strong Th1 but weak Th2 response as reported previously. Though neonatal BCG vaccination was not capable of inducing CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell response with Foxp3 expression, it caused increase of IL-10(+) CD3(+) cells which might represent some regulatory T cells producing IL-10.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; BCG Vaccine ; immunology ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Interferon-gamma ; biosynthesis ; Interleukin-10 ; biosynthesis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Vaccination