Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was first discovered over 50 years ago, and is currently applied clinically in diagnosis, effects evaluation and relapse judgement of tumors especially for the primary hepatocellular carcinomas.And as an effective tumor marker, AFP test has become one of the essential items in physical examination.However, its clinical application is not limited to primary hepatocellular carcinomas,and its great application value has been proved in many benign diseases and other tumors (non-hepatic carcinomas).

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways,caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors.Thtee key methods including candidate gene study,the positional cloning and genomewide association studies.are used for asthma susceptibility gene identification.There are many candidate genes that haye been identified as asthma susceptibility gene, including ADRB2,IL4R,FLG,NPPA,INPP4A,ADAM33, DPP10,OPN3,0RMDL3,PDE4D,CHBLI etc.Replication of genetic associations and demonstration of a functional mechanism for the associated gene variants are needed to COnfirm an asthmasusceptibility gene, this will help us to understand the aetiology of asthma and explore new drugs to treat asthma.

The procedure of treating prostate cancer is as the following: After local prostatectomy or radiotherapy or local palliative therapy, androgen-dependent prostate cancer(ADPC) should be given first-line endocrinal therapy. Almost all patients will be developed from ADPC to hormone independent prostate cancer (HIPC) after 14 ～ 30 months, including androgen-independent prostate cancer(AIPC) and hormone-refractory prostate cancer(HRPC). Second-line endocrinal therapy and chemotherapy should be given, respectively. Antibone metastasis therapy is given when bone metastasis occurred. All medical methods should be used rationally and comprehensively to improve the management of prostate cancer.

Certain specific cancer stem cell subpopulation has been isolated from many kinds of tumors by some specified cell surface maker, including myeloma, lung carcinoma, colon cancer, prostate cancer and pancreatic carcinoma. However, poor individual specificity of cell surface maker molecules and heterograft-related problems provoke more researchers to find more specified cell surface makers and establish humanized mice receptor model in the future. From a clinical perspective, tumor stem cells are considered to be the potential target for curing cancer. Research advances in tumor stem cells can help us to elucidate the close relationship between tumor stem cells and tumorigenesis and provide new ideas and alternative pathways for us to conquer the tumor and avoid tumor recurrence and metastasis.

The intestinal mucosa is the biggest lymph organ in human body, which consists of the first line of defensive system with the respiratory mucosa and urinary mucosa. The intestinal mucosa is responsible to defend bacteria, viruses, dietary pathogens, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug and so on. If the intestinal mucosal immune system is destroyed, the human will suffer many diseases such as infectious diseases,autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it plays an important part in physical health. T helper type 17 (Th17) cells different from Th1 cells and Th2 cells are a distinct lineage of T cells. The discovery of Th17 cells has ruined the constitutional pattern of Th1/Th2. Th17 cells, which are important parts of intestinal mucosal immune system,play critical roles in intestinal autoimmune diseases, tissue inflammation and the infection of various pathogenic bacteria. This paper will review the differentiation of Th17 cell and its function in intestinal mucosal barrier,intestinal autoimmune diseases and intestinal infectious diseases.

Nephroblastoma is the most common pediatric renal tumor.The research progress of gene mutations in Wilms tumor children is reviewed in this paper.The WT1 gene,CTNNB1 gene and WTX gene plays a role in onset of Wilms tumor,and the MYCN gene,P53 gene and SIX1 gene may be associated with the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the characteristics and regularity of ADR induced by gynecological Chinese patent medi-cine,and to provide reference for rational use of gynecological Chinese patent medicine. METHODS:ADR reports were collected from gynecological ADR reporting information system of our hospital during 2008-2105;all ADR cases of Chinese patent medicine were collected and analyzed. RESULTS:No severe ADR was found among 41 cases of Chinese patent medicine-induced ADR,24 cases of new and common ADR(58.54%),17 cases of common ADR(41.46%);the incidence of ADR was in high level 1-3 d after medicating,being 97.6%. Main routes of administration were oral administration(19 cases,46.3%)and vaginal administra-tion(15 cases,36.6%)in ADR cases. Clinical manifestations were gastrointestinal reaction(29.97%),systemic reaction(19.15%) and mild injury of reproductive system(17.02%),etc. CONCLUSIONS:Chinese patent medicine is relatively safety in gynecologi-cal department. However,caution should be exercised in special cases and different medication.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of poractant alfa injection(curosurf)combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS). Methods Fifty patients of infants with NRDS were divided into 25 cases of observation group(curosurf combined with CPAP)and 25 cases of control group(CPAP)according to the methods of the treatment.The differences in treatment efficacy rate and arterial blood gas index were compared.Results The efficacy rate of the observation group (88%)was higher than that of the control group(56%),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2 =4.861,P <0.05 ).After the treatment,the arterial blood gas index of the observation group were improved obviously compared with that before the treatment,the differences were statistically significant(all P <0.05).After the treatment,the arterial blood gas index of the control group were improved obviously compared with that before the treatment,the differences were statistically significant(all P <0.05).After treatment,the differences in pH value,PaO2 and PaCO2 of the observation group were statistically significant compared with the control group(t =6.00,8.49,4.46,all P <0.05).Conclusion Poractant alfa injection combined with nasal CPAP in the treatment of NRDS is better than using CPAP alone.

After a description of the combined teaching-oriented and learning-oriented teaching model of medical information retrieval course, the results it achieved were investigated with questionnaires and its advantages were summarized from the aspects of national conditions, information literacy training and medical education.

Objective To compare the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with that of surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in elderly patients. Methods Seventy patients with OSAHS were divided into a study group and a control group according to different treatment methods. The study group received CPAP, while the control group underwent surgical treatment. One month after treatment, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2), ESS scale value, coagulation factors, and platelet count were measured in both groups. Results AHI and LSaO2 were lower and ESS scale value was higher in the study group than in the control group, but with no significant differences (P>0.05). After treatment, all the indexes of coagulation factors were increased in the control group, but only plasma clotting factorⅡactivity had a significant statistical difference (P<0.05); (FⅡ: C) and (FⅧ: C) were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05); platelet count significantly increased in the control group (P<0.05), but markedly declined in the study group (P<0.05). Conclusions Both CPAP and surgical treatment have a better effiacy for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. CPAP can more effectively improve coagulation function and lower the risks of complications.