Nowadays, normal humidifier is used to heat and humidify the gas before sending to ventilator tube. A new type of ventilator which offers both breathing tube with heater and humidifier is incorporate. In the light of this, patients already bought ventilator still confront this problem. Therefore, this paper mainly introduces a new manufactural method which is controlling the temperature and humidity of gas sent by breathing machine online by a temperature controller which consist of Silica gel hotline and microcomputer. As a matter of fact, the controller is adaptable in various types of breathing tube and can accurately control the humidity and temperature of gas sent into bodies.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Humidity ; Temperature ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Objective: To observe the effects of moxibustion at Huantiao (GB30) acupoint on nerve repair, regeneration, and function in rats with sciatic nerve injury (SNI), and explore the possible mechanism of SNI improvement via moxibustion. Methods: A total of 70 specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to control group (n = 10) and model group (n = 60). Following replication of SNI to model group rats, 60 SNI model rats were randomly allocated to SNI groups of 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d and moxibustion groups of 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d with 10 rats in each group. Moxibustion groups were given moxibustion at the Huantiao (GB30) acupoint on the affected side with a 5 cm distance from the skin under isoflurane respiratory anesthesia and treated once a day for 20 min for 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d, respectively. Control and SNI groups were anesthetized with isoflurane daily for 20 min. Open field tests and thermal pain threshold tests were conducted, and the general condition of rats was observed in each group pre-modeling and on treatment day 1, 3, and 7. At the end of the treatment, immunofluorescence was used to detect the axonal growth rate, axonal growth density, and Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation in the middle 1-mm cross-section of the crush injury segment in rats. The gastrocnemius muscles on both sides of the rats were taken and weighed to calculate the wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscles on both sides to observe the muscle atrophy of the rats, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of the gastrocnemius muscles on the affected side. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), interferon (IFN), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin (IL)-4, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the sciatic nerve tissue of the rats. Results: After modeling, rats in both moxibustion and SNI groups showed typical signs of pain behaviors (bending and curling of the hind soles of the affected side, licking claws, and lameness) and decreased activity compared with control group. The main benefits of moxibustion were evident from day 3: compared with SNI group, rats in moxibustion group had marked relief of pain behavior, increased activity levels and movement, and a lower response to thermal pain. At the same time, moxibustion significantly promoted the repair of SNI, as evidenced by the significantly better axonal growth rate, growth density, and SCs proliferation density in the crush injury segment compared with SNI group (P < 0.01). Moxibustion also regulated the local microenvironment of the injury, up-regulated the pro-nerve repair factors NGF, IL-4, and TGF-β (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the pro-inflammatory factors IFN-γ (P < 0.01) and MIF (P < 0.05). By day 7, the histomorphology of the gastrocnemius muscle in moxibustion group was improved, as indicated by enlarged muscle fibers, elevated regular myocyte morphology and wet weight ratio of the affected and unaffected sides (P < 0.05), as well as a sustained high expression levels of NGF, IL-4, and TGF-β (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively), and a maintenance of low level of IFN-γ (P < 0.01). Concurrently, the MIF level was not significantly different from SNI group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion at the Huantiao (GB30) acupoint effectively improves motor function and promotes recovery of sensory function and nerve regeneration in SNI rats, which may be related to the regulation of local inflammatory response, the promotion of nerve growth factor expression, the improvement of regenerative microenvironment, and the acceleration of SCs proliferation and axonal growth rate in damaged nerves.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between change of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and rat renal damage in dietary hypercholesterolemia. METHODS: High cholesterol (HC) group was fed with diet supplemented with 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid for 8 weeks. Another group was fed with normal diet. Expression of iNOS at protein level was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and iNOS mRNA levels in renal cortex by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The apoptotic cells in renal tissue at 8th week were evaluated by TUNEL method. RESULTS: Total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in HC group were higher than that in control group ( P

Objective To investigate whether the effect of contrast media on renal tubular cell apoptosis is mediated via mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) activation. Methods NRK 52E cells were incubated in cell culture media[+1%fatel calf serum (FCS)] containing buffer (control) or increasing concentrations of diatrizoate or iohexol for various time periods. In separate experiments, NRK 52E cells were incubated with diatrizoate in the presence of 10 or 20 ?mol/L SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, for 4 h. Cell membrane integrity was assessed by trypan blue exclusion experiment. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric DNA analysis, FITC Annexin Ⅴbinding/PI staining and electron microscopy. MAPK activity and phosphorylation was evaluated by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Results Diatrizoate, a kind of hyperosmolal contrast media, induced apoptosis in cultured NRK 52E cells in an osmotic pressure and duration dependent manner. Iohexol, another kind of less hyperosmolal contrast media, could not induce NRK 52E cells apoptosis. In NRK 52E cells incubated with diatrizoate, the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and activity increased after 15 min, and remained elevated even at 1 h. In contrast, the level of total p38 protein was not changed in whole experimental period. SB203580 significantly inhibited apoptosis in NRK 52E cells incubated with diatrizoate. The level of p44/p42 MAPK phosphorylation was not changed in whole experimental period. Conclusions Contrast media induces apoptosis in cultured NRK 52E cells in an osmotic pressure and duration dependent manner, which is related to the hypertonicity of contrast media. Contrast media induces apoptosis in NRK 52E cells via activation of p38 MAPK.

Objective To investigate the expression of osteopontin(OPN) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and the effect of Irbersartan on them in diet-hypercholesterolemia rats. Methods Wistar rats were divided into three groups: normal control rats(C), cholesterol fed rats(H) and cholesterol fed rats treated with Irbesartan(50 mg ? kg -1 ? d -1 ). Twelve weeks later, we measured the 24 hours total urine protein, creatinine clearance and total serum cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and triglycerides. Kidney pathology was observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse the expression of OPN, MCP-1, ED1 +and their relationship. Results (1) Total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol level and 24 h total urine protein in H group rats were higher than that in C group rats, there was no significant difference between two groups in HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.(2) Compared with C group rats , the expression of OPN and MCP-1 increased in cortical tubular epithelium (2.34?0.25 vs 0.49?0.11; 1.93?0.21 vs 0.49?0.11, P

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the separation and detection of related substances in baicalein,identify its structure and preliminarily explore the degradation mechanism. METHODS:HPLC was adopted to detect the baicalein,related impurities and forced destruction of degradation products in synthesis process:the column was ES Industries? FluoroSep-RP Phenyl with mobile phase of 0.3%formic acid-methanol-acetonitrile(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 275 nm,the column temperature was 10℃,and the injection volume was 10μL. LC-MS/MS was conducted to identify the related substances and conjecture degradation mechanism:the column was ES Industries? FluoroSep-RP Phenyl with mobile phase of 0.3%formic acid- methanol (gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 275 nm,column temperature was 10℃,and the injection volume was 10μL;ion source was electrospray ion source,positive and negative ions,nebulizer pressure was 55 psi and the drying gas flow was 11 L/min,drying gas temperature was 350℃,capillary voltage was 4.0 kV,detection modes were full-scan first-order MS and selective ion full-scan second-order MS,scan ranges were m/z 100-1000 (first-order MS) and 50-500(second-order MS),ionization voltage was 80-135 eV,and the collision energy was 10-30 eV. RESULTS:The linear range of baicalein was 2.4-480μg/mL(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;the limit of quantitation was 7.2 ng,the limit of detection was 2.4 ng. Baicalein was well separated with related substance and 3 major degradation products,the related substance was chemical synthesis precursor wood butterfly;the degradation products were 6,7-quinone derivatives and 7,8-quinone derivatives,which were isomers;oxidative degradation products were benzoic acid phenyl ester derivatives. CONCLUSIONS:The main mechanisms of alkali degradation and oxidative degradation of baicalein include pyran, reciprocal rearrangement and oxidation reaction;the established method is specific and sensitive,and can be used for the detection of related substances in baicalein.

Clinical data of 116 patients with implanted permanent dual catheters for hemodialysis,including 18 with infection and 98 non-infection, during January 2006 and July 2009 were retrospectively analyzed to study risk factors for catheter-related bacteremia (CRB). Duration of catheter implantation,primary disease, routine blood examinations and blood biochemical examination of the patients were analyzed between the two groups. COX proportional hazard regression analysis was performed for all predictor variables. Results showed that overall incidence of bacteremic episodes was 0. 314 per 1000 catheter-day.Compared to that in infection group, levels of hemoglobin, plasma albumin, peripheral lymphocyte count and ratio of CD4/CD8 in non-infection group were significantly higher ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ), and OR of CRB were 4. 011 (P =0. 0213) for diabetes mellitus and 7. 181 for hemoglobin level less than 80g/L (P = 0. 0020),respectively. It is suggested that improving nutrition status and correcting anemia for patients with hemodialysis are necessary to reduce CRB.

With the advantages of inflatable bone expander in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, the number of applications for registration of such products is increasing. Based on the characteristics of the medical device, this article analyzed and summarized the relevant requirements for the basic information, product performance research, product manufacturing, clinical evaluation, and product instructions that should be focused on the registration application dossiers, as well as comply with the requirements of CMDE. The focus of the registration application for Inflatable Bone Expander should be the standardization of the application dossiers, while the difficulty was the scientific rationality of the research data. Comments and suggestions are provided to relevant practitioners on standardization of registration application dossiers. It may help them to optimize the quality of registration application dossiers while improve the efficiency of registration applications.
Bone Cements ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Spinal Fractures ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the product registration declaration ideas and registration technical review of the all-inside meniscal suture system, and to systematically think about of the technical review concerns of the all-inside meniscal suture system products to provide technical guidance for improving the quality of registration and application and regulatory efficiency. METHODS: Consult the public information of such products at home and abroad, and summarize the experience of registration review of such products. RESULTS: The technical review of the all-inside meniscus suture system registration mainly focuses on product basic information, pre-clinical research, clinical evaluation and product technical requirements. CONCLUSIONS The difficulty of product registration and declaration of the all-inside meniscus suture system lies in the provision of pre-clinical research data of the product, and the applicant needs to strengthen the basic research ability, formulate scientific technical indicators and test methods to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the product, and also provide sufficient supporting data for the registration declaration.
Humans ; Menisci, Tibial/surgery* ; Suture Techniques ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries/surgery* ; Sutures ; Arthroscopy/methods*

Radiation-induced damage to vascular endothelium is a major complication of radiotherapy and a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the population exposed to radiation. Ionizing radiation-induced cellular senescence serves as a critical factor in damage to vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of cellular senescence caused by senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), as well as its role in ionizing radiation-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells, is significant for preventing and treating ionizing radiation-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells. In this study, the relationship between SASP-related premature senescence and this ionizing radiation-induced damage was explored from the following aspects: the mechanisms behind ionizing radiation-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells, ionizing radiation-induced cellular senescence, and the role of SASP-related premature senescence in the ionizing radiation-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells, as well as potential targets.