Objective To explore analysis method of repeated measurements in single-sample. Methods Mixed linear model was presented and an example of repeated measurements in single-sample was analyzed. Results The reasonable results were obtained for repeated measurements in single-sample by the methods of mixed linear model. Conclusion Mixed linear model can be used to analyze repeated measurement data in single-sample.

Objective To understand the study habits of medical postgraduates in basic cours-es so as to provide references for the reformation of teaching methods. Methods Totally 250 postgra-duates of grade 2010 in our university were investigated with self-made questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included basic condition of postgraduates, study methods and suggestions for teaching methods. Rate, percentage and Chi-square test were applied to do statistical analysis. Results Accor-ding to the results of the collected 246 copies of questionnaire, 91.5%(225/246) did not preview lessons before class, 93.5%(230/246) took notes in class, 78.9%(194/246) simply took notes in the book, 60.6%(149/246) preferred more detailed courseware and 27.2%(67/246) reviewed lessons after class. The percentage of simply taking notes in the book of local students (86.5%) was significantly higher than that of army ones (73.2%) (P=0.030), but the percentages of preferring more detailed courseware and reviewing lessons after class of local students were significantly lower than those of army ones (P=0.008, P=0.016). Conclusions The proportion of previewing before class is low among postgrauates. Postgraduates depend heavily on teachers and do not review after class in time. There are differences between local students and army students in taking notes and review habits. It is important to cultivate postgraduates’good study habits.

Objective To compare the effect of pericardial devascularization with that of the modified Sugiura procedure in management of portal hypertension. Methods From 1990 to 2008, 236patients with portal hypertension underwent operations including pericardial devascularization in 147and modified Sugiura in 89 in our hospital. Results There were 12 perioperative deaths (8.2 % ), and 2 rebleedings (2 % ) in the pericardial devascularization group, and 7 perioperative deaths (7.9 % ) and 2 rebleedings(3.4 % ) in the modified Sugiura group. The follow-up rate was 91.9 % in the pericardial devascularization group and 87.8% in the modified Sugiura group respectively, in a period from 6 months to 19 years. The 1-, 3-and 5-year rebleeding rates were 5.7%,15.2% and 25.5% in the pericardial devascularization group and 6.9%, 16.3%, 29.5 % in the modified Sugiura group, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 87.8% ,79.1% and 69.7% in the pericardial devascularization group and 95.8 %,85.0%, 76.9 % in the modified Sugiura group, respectively. Conclusion Modified Sugiura procedure and pericardial devascularization have differences in perioperative mortality as well as rebleeding and survival rates.

Objective:To construct a performance appraisal index system for the full-time scientific research personnel in general hospitals.Methods:Appraisal indexes and weight coefficients are determined by Documentary Analysis, Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process.Results:Weight coefficients of performance appraisal index system for the full-time scientific research personnel are determined after 3 rounds of expert consultation by using Analytic Hierarchy Process and calculating weight coefficients of evaluation indexes and combined weight coefficients.Conclusions:This system can introduce new evaluation methods for human resource management in general hospitals, help to evaluate the research capacity and work performance of full-time scientific research personnel comprehensively, and improve the evaluation system for full-time scientific research personnel.

Objective To explore and analyze the signals of pneumonia-related adverse events(ADEs)caused by endothelin receptor antagonists(ERAs)and provide reference for clinical safe medication.Methods Based on the the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)adverse event reporting system(FAERS)database,the data from the first quarter of 2015 to the first quarter of 2023 was extracted,and reporting odds ratio,pro-portional reporting ratio,Bayesian confidence propagation neural network and multi-item gamma poisson shrinker were used for mining.Results 7 279 reports of pneumonia-related ADEs with ERAs as the main suspects were extracted,including 3 705 reports of ambrisentan,1 028 reports of bosentan and 2 546 reports of macitentan.There were 68 pneumonia ADEs related to ERAs,including 21 ambrisentan,25 bosentan and 22 macitentan.According to the criteria for judging the signal of ADEs,there were 14 kinds of ADEs that formed signals,and all the systems involved in system organ classification were infections and infectious diseases.Infectious pneumonia accounted for the highest proportion of adverse reactions(93.61％)and caused the most deaths.Conclusion In the real world,ERAs can lead to pneumonia related ADEs.Female,elderly,and high-dose are important factors in the occurrence of pneumonia-related ADEs,which suggests that medical personnel need to individualized use drugs based on the patient's physiological status and drug characteristics when using ERAs to ensure medication safety.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of dosages of total body irradiation on the healing process of cutaneous wounds and to observe the changes of wound area at different periods after injury.

METHODSThe entire body irradiation from a (60)Co gamma-ray source was performed on Wistar rats. The single dosage varied from 1 to 8 Gy. Within 1 h after irradiation, two whole thickness circular cutaneous wounds corresponding to 2.5% of total body surface area (Phi = 22 mm) were produced on the back of the animals (combined injury groups). Same wounds were produced on rats with no irradiation (single wound group). Wound healing was observed at different points after injury.

RESULTSAfter total body irradiation with the dose of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 Gy, the wound healing was obviously retarded as the dosages increased. The wound area remained was larger in the large dosage groups than in the small dosage groups. Seven days after injury, there was 33.5% wound surface left unhealed in the single wound group, whereas in the combined injury groups, 35.4%, 38.1%, 41.6%, 48.8%, 53.9%, 63.7%, 69.2% and 73.9% of the wound surfaces remained unhealed, respectively. Statistical analysis showed marked correlations between the various times after total body irradiation and various dosages to the percentage of unhealed wound surface. Nine dose-effect relation formulae were deduced according to the statistical results.

CONCLUSIONSIn soft tissue trauma combined with radiation injury, the delay of wound healing is related to the dose of radiation inflicted. It is also related to the time between injury and time of observation.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; Wound Healing ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVE To reevaluate the system atic evaluation of g emcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC），in order to provide evidence-based evidence for the treatment of NSCLC. METHODS Retrieved from Wanfang database ，CNKI，VIP，PubMed，Embase，systematic evaluation of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin versus pemetrexed/vinorelbine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced NSCLC was included from the inception to Dec. 2021. RevMan 5.3 system evaluation software was used for meta-analysis of various outcome indicators ； AMSTAR2 scale was used for methodological quality evaluation ，and GRADE tool was used for evidence quality evaluation. RESULTS A total of 9 literatures were included. Meta-analysis showed that the effective rate of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin was significantly lower than pemetrexed combined with cisplatin ，but was similar to vinorelbine combined with cisplatin. The 1-year survival rate of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin was equivalent to that of pemetrexed combined with cisplatin ，but was superior to vinorelbine combined with cisplatin. There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting between gemcitabine combined with cisplatin and pemetrexed/vinorelbine combined with cisplatin. Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin had a higher incidence of thrombocytopenia than pemetrexed/vinorelbine combined with cisplatin. The incidence of neutropenia and leukopenia in gemcitabine combined with cisplatin were higher than pemetrexed combined with cisplatin ，but were significantly lower than vinorelbine combined with cisplatin. The evaluation results of AMSTAR 2 scale showed that 6 systematic evaluation were of low quality in methodology and 3 were of very low quality. The results of the GRADE tool showed that 31％ of the outcome indicators were of medium quality （14 items），27％ were of low quality （12 items），and 42％ were of very low quality（19 items）. Research limitations and publication bias were the most frequently downgraded factors. CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin has advantages over 154854280@qq.com vinorelbine combined with cisplatin in the efficacy and safety of ad vanced NSCLC ，especially in the 1-year survival rate ，the incidence of neutropenia and leucopenia. The efficacy and safety of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin are inferior to those of pemetrexed combined with cisplatin. However ，the methodological quality and evidence level of systematic evaluation are not high on the whole ，and the overall quality of research needs to be improved.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for improving the dispensing accuracy of similar drugs and reducing dispensing error risk through exploring the dispensing mode of similar drugs. METHODS The effectiveness and feasibility of the similar drug dispensing management mode was explored through adjusting the traditional horizontal or vertical sorting method to a “Z” shaped cargo location sorting， implementing similar drug in different zones dispensed by different people， and combining measures such as adjusting the format of drug dispensing documents and improving inventory methods. The role of similar drug dispensing mode in drug dispensing management was evaluated comprehensively from two aspects： work quality and work efficiency. RESULTS After the implementation of similar drug dispensing mode， total number of monthly dispensing errors （18.42±8.79 vs. 28.50±6.87，P= 0.005） and the proportion of monthly dispensing errors of similar drugs （[ 4.17±5.71）% vs. （10.96±7.05）%，P＝0.017] were significantly lower than before the implementation； the monthly consistency rate between accounts and materials （[ 98.46±0.73）% vs. （97.61±0.57）%， P＝0.004] was significantly higher than before implementation； completion time of dispensing in each batch was not significantly affected， and daily work was carried out smoothly and orderly. CONCLUSIONS The similar drug dispensing mode has a significant effect in improving the accuracy of dispensing similar drugs， reducing the risk of dispensing errors， and does not affect the efficiency of dispensing work.

OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy and safety of continuous pump versus intermittent infusion of amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive fungal infection， and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， the Cochrane Library， Web of Science， Embase， Wanfang， CNKI， CBM and VIP database， randomized controlled trial （RCT） and cohort study about 24 h continuous pump （trial group） versus intermittent infusion （control group） of amphotericin B were collected from the inception to Jan. 2023. After literature screening and data extraction， the quality of RCT was evaluated with modified Jadad scale， and the quality of cohort study was evaluated with Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 7 literature were included， involving 1 RCT and 6 cohort studies with a total of 767 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that the clinical effective rate [RR＝1.44， 95%CI （1.13，1.83）， P＝0.003] of trial group was significantly higher than that of control group， and all-cause mortality rate [RR＝0.37， 95%CI（0.19，0.72），P＝0.003] and the incidence rate of infusion reaction [RR＝0.28，95%CI（0.18，0.43）， P＜0.000 01] were significantly lower than control group； there was no statistical significance in the incidence rate of renal impairment between 2 groups [RR＝0.71，95%CI（0.45，1.11），P＝0.13] . The sensitivity analysis results showed that the results obtained in this study were robust. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy and safety of 24 h continuous pump of amphotericin B are better than those of intermittent infusion in the treatment of invasive fungal infection.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for improving work efficiency and promoting the rapid development of pharmacy department. METHODS AB working system was established in pharmacy department， and task division and working process were formulated. The response time of role B， management performance， the construction of discipline platform， scientific research achievements and other indexes were analyzed comparatively before （2016-2020） and after （2021） the implementation of AB working system. RESULTS Compared with before the implementation， the response time of role B was shortened to 0.5 h； the score of management performance was increased from 27.67 to 73.00； scientific research projects， SCI papers and discipline construction funds had increased significantly after the implementation. CONCLUSIONS The practice of AB working system should shorten the response time and be beneficial to build a high-quality management personnel， improve the management level and work efficiency， promote rapid development of pharmacy department.