[Objective]To investigate the influence of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on production of Nitric Oxide(NO) by peritoneal macrophages of rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA).[Methods]Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats.Production of NO by peritoneal macrophages of rats with adjuvant arthritis was determined by nitrate reductase.[Results]PNS 0.4mg/ml increased NO synthesis and secretion from peritoneal macrophages of AA rats in vitro after four hours(P

Objective: To investigate the smoking cessation intention and attempt to quit smoking among smokers at ages of 15 years and older in a district of Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into formulation of tobacco control interventions. Methods: Permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from a district in Beijing Municipality, and all smokers were recruited. Participants' demographic features, tobacco use, intention to quit smoking, attempts to quit smoking and awareness of tobacco-related hazards were collected using the Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey. The intention and attempts to quit smoking were analyzed among smokers, and factors affecting the attempt to quit smoking were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 687 smokers were surveyed, including 669 men (97.38%), 497 from rural areas (72.34%), 351 daily smokers (51.09%), 336 occasional smokers (48.91%), 329 with intention to quit smoking (47.89%), and 178 with attempts to quit smoking during the past one year (25.91%). Univariable analysis showed that area, age, educational level, smoking status, tobacco health literacy and tobacco control information acquired from media were factors affecting intention and attempts to quit smoking among smokers (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that smokers with intention to quit smoking (OR=5.444, 95%CI: 3.585-8.268) and occasional smoking (OR=2.142, 95%CI: 1.312-3.497) were more likely to attempt to quit smoking. Conclusions Approximately half of smokers have intention to quit smoking in a district of Beijing Municipality; however, the percentage of attempts to quit smoking is low. Targeted interventions are required for smokers with different characteristics to improve the intention to quit smoking and promote smoking-quitting behaviors.

Objective To investigate the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the pathogenesis of steroid-resistant (SR) asthma.Methods Fifteen patients with SR asthma and 15 patients with steroid-sensitive (SS) asthma were selected based on their clinical responses to prednisone therapy. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained and incubated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro for 48 h in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (10-7 mol/L). Expressions of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA in PBMCs were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and mRNA positive PBMCs for IL-4 and IL-5 were measured with in situ hybridization using digoxin-labeled cDNA probes.Results In the absence of dexamethasone, there was no significant difference in the expressions of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA between SR and SS asthmatics, and the numbers of mRNA positive cells for IL-4 and IL-5 were also similar between these two groups, however, in the presence of dexamethasone (10-7 mol/L), expressions of IL-4 mRNA (P<0.01) and IL-5 mRNA (P<0.05) were significantly inhibited in SS asthmatics, but not in SR asthmatics (P>0.05). The numbers of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA positive cells decreased from 5.50±1.60 to 2.27±0.98 (P<0.01) and from 5.03±1.29 to 1.67±0.70 (P<0.01), respectively in SS asthmatics, but in the patients with SR asthma, there was no significant change in the number of cells expressing mRNA for IL-4 or IL-5.Conclusion The gene expression of IL-4 and IL-5 in SR asthma was not inhibited by dexamethasone at the concentration of 10-7 mol/L. It is suggested that the relative unresponsiveness of T cells to glucocorticoids and persistent production of cytokines may be one of the mechanisms of steroid resistance in asthma.

Objective: To understand the current situation and associated factors of unintentional injury among preschool children in Shunyi District, and to provide reference for the development of unintentional injury intervention measures. Methods: Three kindergartens in Shunyi district were selected through stratified cluster sampling method, and all the parents were surveyed online by self-designed questionnaire. Results: The proportion of low, medium and high risk assessment of unintentional injury in preschool children were 59.5%, 37.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Risk of unintentional injury increased significantly with age and grade(χ 2=12.35, 12.70, P<0.05). The risk of unintentional injury in inter-generational care (3.7%) was higher than that in parental care(2.4%). The higher the education level of the primary caretaker and family income, the higher level of unintentional injury risk(χ 2=11.23, 14.10, P<0.05).There were significant differences in the risk for burning, poisoning, other accidental injury, prevention of accidental injury and total score of unintentional injury among children of different ages and classes(F=8.26，5.61，4.95，6.15，7.86；9.88，8.39，4.25，6.27，7.55，P<0.05). There was statistical significance in burning risk between boys and girls(t=-4.27, P<0.05). There was statistical significance in unintentional injury prevention between children of different residence(t=9.11, P<0.05). There were significant differences in behavior supervision among risk among children of different ages and grades(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level of primary caregivers (college:B=-2.66, 95%CI=-4.69--0.63; bachelor degree or higher:B=-3.80, 95%CI=-5.90--1.70), annual family income (B=-2.82, 95%CI=-4.80--0.84) were associated with unintentional injury risk of preschool children(P<0.05). Conclusion Health education of unintentional injury prevention among preschool children should focus on the primary caretaker with low education and low family income, which is crucial for prevention of children s injury.

Objective: To understand the epidemic trend of tobacco use among junior middle school students in Shunyi District of Beijing in recent 5 years, and to provide scientific basis for formulating adolescent tobacco control strategies and intervention measures. Methods: The two stage sampling method was used to survey 3 junior middle school schools randomly selected from Shunyi District, Beijing, in November 2013, December 2015 and November 2017. The number of students surveyed each year was 1 520, 1 404 and 1 467 respectively. Results: A total of 4 500 questionnaires were distributed and 4 391 questionnaires were valid, with an effective rate of 97.6%. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate in Shunyi District junior high school students increased substantially, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.15, 11.54, P<0.01). The exposure rate of second-hand smoke among junior high school students in Shunyi District is increasing year by year. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate of second-hand smoke at home and in public places were higher than those of non-exposed ones. The differences in the current smoking rates of junior high school students (χ2=25.86, 37.61, P<0.01) and the attempting smoking rate (χ2=49.51, 63-86, P<0.01) were statistically significant. The influence of Shunyi District junior high school students through different tobacco information access channels on the current smoking rate of junior high school students increased year by year. Different tobacco information access channels have significant difference in the influence of the junior middle school students’ attempting smoking rate(P<0.05). Conclusion The overall tobacco use of junior high school students in Shunyi District of Beijing is increasing by year. The exposure of second-hand smoke is not optimistic, and the supervision of tobacco information acquisition channels is urgent to be strengthened.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Wuwei Fuzheng Yijing decoction on sperm DNA integrity in male infertility patients. MethodOne hundred male infertility patients with sperm DNA damage （spleen and kidney Qi deficiency and blood stasis） that met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into an observation group （Wuwei Fuzheng Yijing decoction） and a control group （L-carnitine oral solution）， with 50 cases in each group. After 12 weeks of treatment， the DNA fragmentation index （DFI） and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， progressive sperm motility （PR）， sperm survival rate， and sperm concentration of the two groups before and after treatment were observed and compared. ResultThe total effective rate of the observation group was 89.80% （44/49） higher than 62.50% （30/48） of the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with the conditions before treatment， the DFI and TCM syndrome score of the two groups were reduced after treatment， while the PR， sperm survival rate， and sperm concentration were increased （P<0.05）， and the observation group was superior to the control group in terms of the above indexes （P<0.05）. ConclusionWuwei Fuzheng Yijing decoction obviously repairs sperm DNA of male infertility patients and improves sperm quality， with high safety.