Rubber dam technique is the a method used in dentistry to isolate the operation field from the rest of mouth with rubber sheet. Rubber dam can protect both patients and dental workers effectively and provide patients with more professional, safe and comfortable experience. In recent years, this technique has gradually gained more and more recognition by dentists. However, the prevalence of using rubber dam technique in our country is still relatively low compared with those in developed countries. This condition involves many factors and need to be paid enough attention. This review summarized the current situation of rubber dam usage in various countries, the technique's application field, the effect analysis, the influencing factors and the modified products.
Dental Care ; instrumentation ; methods ; Dentists ; Humans ; Rubber Dams ; trends ; utilization

rubber dam as a barrier membrane and evaluate whether improved bone regeneration can be achieved by GTR using rubber dam. In the 15 NewZealand white rabbits, full-thickness bone defects on three sites of each rabbit calvaria were made. Non membrane group served as a control and experimental group 1 was covered with rubber dam and group 2 covered with Gore-TexTM membrane. Macroscopic, radiographic, microscopic examinations were made serially on 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 weeks after operation. The results were as follows: 1. Macroscopically, the control site was collapsed and filled with connective tissue throughout the experimental period. But the defects of experimental groups 1 and 2 were filled with bone-like mass and showed the hard consistency on palpation. 2. Radiographically, the early new bone formation appeared similarly from the host bone in groups 1 and 2. 3. Microscopically, there were much connective tissue at the central part of control site but the defect of group 1 and 2 was filled with the mature bony trabeculae on the 12th week. This results suggest that rubber dam can be effectively used as a barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration.]]>
Bone Regeneration ; Connective Tissue ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Membranes ; Osteogenesis ; Palpation ; Rabbits ; Rubber Dams ; Rubber ; Skull

Iatrogenic perforations negatively impact the outcome of endodontic treatments. Studies on prognostic factors showed that perforations in the coronal third of the root with periodontal pocket formation have an unfavorable prognosis. A 36-year-old female was referred for endodontic evaluation of tooth #13 with a history of an iatrogenic perforation, happened 3 years ago. There was a sinus tract associated with perforation, 10 mm probing on the mesial and mesio-palatal, bleeding on probing, radiolucent lesion adjacent to the perforation and complete resorption of the interdental bone between teeth #13 and #12. After the treatment options were discussed, she chose to save the tooth. The tooth was accessed under rubber dam isolation, the perforation site was cleaned and disinfected using 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and sealed with calcium-enriched mixture cement. Eighteen months after treatment the tooth was functional and asymptomatic. The probing depths were normal without bleeding on probing. Radiographically, the interdental crestal bone formed between teeth #13 and #12. Despite all negative prognostic factors in this case (i.e., perforations in the coronal third, pocket formation, and radiolucent lesion), healing was unexpectedly achieved via non-surgical repair of the perforation. Further research on biological aspects of healing in the periodontium following iatrogenic perforations are recommended.
Adult ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Periodontal Pocket ; Periodontium ; Prognosis ; Rubber Dams ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Tooth

When we use the total-etch dentin adhesive system for composite resin restorations, gel or liquid acid etchant such as 37% phosphoric acid is commonly used. Thirty seven percentage phosphoric acid is very powerful erosive agent, and can cause severe harmful effects when it contacts with an oral mucosa and facial skin. This case describes iatrogenic chemical burn on facial skin caused by phosphoric acid which was happened during composite resin restorative procedure. Chemical burn by acid etchant can be evoked by careless handling of remnant and syringe. In order to prevent these iatrogenic injuries, we should check the complete removal of the etching agent both in intra and extra-oral environments after etching and rinsing procedure and it is necessary to use of the rubber dam or isolation instruments. If accidental burn were occurred, immediate wash with copious water. And bring the patient to the dermatologist as soon as possible.
Adhesives ; Burns ; Burns, Chemical ; Dentin ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa ; Phosphoric Acids ; Rubber Dams ; Skin ; Syringes ; Water

The purpose of this study was to assess the current materials, methods and difficulties according to the year of licence and educational background of Korean dentists in Class II direct composite resin restorations. Total 17 questions were included in the questionnaire. Questions were broadly divided into two parts; first, operator's information, and second, the materials and methods used in Class II posterior composite restoration. The questionnaire was sent to dentists enrolled in Korean Dental Association via e-mail. Total 12,193 e-mails were distributed to dentists, 2,612 e-mails were opened, and 840 mails (32.2%) were received from respondents. The data was statically analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS(v. 12.0.1, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Male dentists among respondents was 79%. 60.3% of the respondents acquired their licences recently (1998-2007), and 77% practiced in private offices. 83.4% have acquired their knowledge through school lectures, conferences and seminars. For the Class II restorations, gold inlays were preferred by 65.7% of respondents, while direct composite resin restorations were used by 12.1% amalgam users were only 4.4% of respondents. For the restorative technique, 74.4% of respondents didn't use rubber dam as needed. For the matrix, mylar strip (53.4%), metal matrix (33.8%) and Palodent system (6.5%) were used. 99.6% of respondents restored the Class II cavity by incremental layering. Obtaining of the tight interproximal contact was considered as the most difficult procedure (57.2%) followed by field isolation (21%). Among various bonding systems, 22.6% of respondents preferred SE Bond and 20.2% used Single Bond. Z-250 was used most frequently among a variety of composite resins.
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate ; Chicago ; Composite Resins ; Congresses as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dentists ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Inlays ; Korea ; Lectures ; Male ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Postal Service ; Rubber Dams ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The restorative management of deep carious lesions and the preservation of pulp vitality of immature teeth present real challenges for dental practitioners. New tricalcium silicate cements are of interest in the treatment of such cases. This case describes the immediate management and the follow-up of an extensive carious lesion on an immature second right mandibular premolar. Following anesthesia and rubber dam isolation, the carious lesion was removed and a partial pulpotomy was performed. After obtaining hemostasis, the exposed pulp was covered with a tricalcium silicate cement (Biodentine, Septodont) and a glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX extra, GC Corp.) restoration was placed over the tricalcium silicate cement. A review appointment was arranged after seven days, where the tooth was asymptomatic with the patient reporting no pain during the intervening period. At both 3 and 6 mon follow up, it was noted that the tooth was vital, with normal responses to thermal tests. Radiographic examination of the tooth indicated dentin-bridge formation in the pulp chamber and the continuous root formation. This case report demonstrates a fast tissue response both at the pulpal and root dentin level. The use of tricalcium silicate cement should be considered as a conservative intervention in the treatment of symptomatic immature teeth.
Acrylic Resins ; Anesthesia ; Bicuspid ; Calcium Compounds ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dentin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Pulpitis ; Pulpotomy ; Rubber Dams ; Silicate Cement* ; Silicates* ; Silicon Dioxide ; Tooth*

This case report describes a technique in which endodontic treatment and permanent indirect restoration were completed in the same clinical appointment with the aid of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. Two patients were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular first molar. After access preparation, root canals were located, irrigation was performed until bleeding ceased, and the coronal tooth structure was prepared for indirect restoration. Then, utilizing an interim 3-mm build-up of the endodontic access cavity, a hemi-arch digital scan was performed with an intraoral scanner. Subsequent to digital scanning, restoration design was performed simultaneously with the endodontic procedure. The root canals were shaped using the Race system under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by root canal filling. The pulp chamber was subsequently filled with a 3-mm-thick composite resin restoration mimicking the interim build-up previously utilized to facilitate block milling in the CAD/CAM system. Clinical try-in of the permanent onlay restoration was followed by acid etching, application of a 5th generation adhesive, and cementation of the indirect restoration. Once the restoration was cemented, rubber dam isolation was removed, followed by occlusal adjustment and polishing. After 2 years of follow-up, the restorations were esthetically and functionally satisfactory, without complications.
Adhesives ; Cementation ; Computer-Aided Design ; Continental Population Groups ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Endodontics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inlays ; Molar ; Occlusal Adjustment ; Pulpitis ; Rubber Dams ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Tooth