objective To investigate the clinical signiifcance of the changes of angiotensionⅡ(AngⅡ) in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods Thirty children diagnosed as primary IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy (IgAN group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were recruited from May 2008 to December 2012. The serum and urine AngⅡwere measured by ELISA and compared between IgAN group and control group. The AngⅡexpression in the renal tissue of IgAN group was detected by immuno-histochemical method, and was correlated with other clinical data.. Results Urine AngⅡwas signiifcantly higher in the primary IgAN group than that of control group (P<0.05);AngⅡexpression in the urine is positively correlated with proteinuria (r=0.37, P=0.046), and is associated with the severity of clinical presentation; AngⅡexpression in kidney tissue increased with the severity of the renal histopathologic grading (r=0.69, 0.79, P=0.000), while AngⅡin blood and proteinuria, AngⅡexpression in kidney tissue were not signiifcantly correlated with the number of crescents. Conclusions Urine AngⅡin children with IgAN is signiifcantly correlated with the severity of the pathologic stage and the level of proteinuria. Urine AngⅡdetection may be useful to assess the progress and prognosis of chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) of 16 STR loci on X chromo- some and investigate the genetic stability. METHODS: Genomic DNA samples extracted from blood stains from 500 unrelated individuals and 885 lineage members from Eastern Chinese Han population were genotyped through multiplex amplification using IDtyperX-16 kit by our independent research followed by capillary electrophoresis. LD was assessed by PowerMarker v3.25 software and mutation rate of every locus was analyzed. RESULTS: LD were not found at the 16 X-STR loci. Allele mutations were observed at 10 loci. Among them, mutation rates of DXS6809 and DXS7132 were both up to 0.0048. CONCLUSION When the 16 X-STR loci included in IDtyperX-16 kit were used for parentage testing, product princi- ples can be applied to calculate the likelihood, but mutation should be taken into consideration in the case that the genotypes do not meet the genetic law (especially at DXS6809 and DXS7132).
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; Blood Stains ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics* ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Female ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci/genetics* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics* ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Mutation ; Mutation Rate

OBJECTIVE: To study the forensic application of Goldeneye DNA ID 26Y Kit in the She nationality. METHODS: Through capillary electrophoresis, the genotype of 26 Y-STR loci were analyzed in 53 unrelated male individuals from Fujian She nationality. The population genetics parameters such as allele frequency and haplotype diversity were calculated. The comparisons among the She nationality and the other nationalities were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 126 alleles were observed on the 26 Y-STR loci of 53 unrelated male individuals. The allele frequencies and GD value ranged from 0.010 1 to 0.886 8 and 0.211 2 to 0.846 2, respectively. The GD value was greater than 0.5 in the 19 loci. A total of 47 haplotypes were observed. Based on R(ST), multidimensional scaling plot indicated that the genetic relationship among Fujian She nationality and Minnan Han nationality was closest, followed by Southern China Han nationality and Northern China nationality. CONCLUSION Goldeneye™ DNA ID 26Y Kit including 26 Y-STR loci has good polymorphism in the She nationality. As an additional system, it has forensic application value in some special cases.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Population Groups

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the forensic application value of 30 insertion/deletion (InDel) loci included in Investigator DIPplex Kit in Han and She nationalities of Eastern China. METHODS: A total of 565 unrelated individuals in Han nationality and 119 ones in She nationality of Eastern China were investigated using Investigator DIPplex Kit. Allele frequencies, population genetics parameters of the 30 InDel loci were statistically calculated. RESULTS: In Han nationality, the mean Ho was 0.413 3, the mean DP was 0.551 1, the mean PIC was 0.320 0. And in She nationality, the mean Ho was 0.389 6, the mean DP was 0.543 3, the mean PIC was 0.310 0. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in Han and She nationalities (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The 30 loci in Investigator DIPplex Kit show good genetic diversity in Han and She nationalities, and could be used as a supplemental tool for some special paternity cases.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Female ; Forensic Genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Currently,the quick development of information technology is enriching the traditional teaching.As a new form of teaching resource,a micro-lecture focused on a specific topic is a good combination of information technology and traditional teaching.It not only increases the vividness and visualization of teaching,but also boosts the learning interest of students in the course.What's more,it helps to show an integral time-consuming experiment in 5-10 minutes'micro-vedio,which broadens the contents of the course and offers convenience of self-teaching for students.In this article,we took the example of micro-lecture"Western blot"in the course of immunologic technology to post-graduates in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to clarify the advantages and the procedures of a typical micro-lecture,and to discuss about it.The experience achieved from the construction of this micro-lecture may offer a new idea of modern information education reform.

OBJECTIVETo establish the triple-transgenic mouse model and study their biological characteristics by molecular biology, behavior and pathology.

METHODSHybrid the Tau and amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilins (PS1) transgenic mouse, the genotype of offspring mice were identified by PCR. Transcribed target genes were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of exogenous genes was detected by Western-blot. The pathological change of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaque were observed by Bielschowsky silver staining and ABC immunohistochemical method. The changes time of learning and memory were observed by Morris water maze.

RESULTSAPP, PS1 and Tau genes were transcript in Tau/APP/PS1 mice. In 6 to 8 months old Tau/APP/PS1 mice, the neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaque could be found in cortex and hippocampus. In 6 months old Tau/APP/PS1 mice, the learning and memory abilities were worse.

CONCLUSIONWith the behavior change and pathological changes in Tau and beta-amyloid protein (AP), the Tau/APP/PS1 triple-transgenic mice can be used as a further study animal model of AD's pathogenesis and the target of drug treatment.

Alzheimer Disease ; pathology ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; genetics ; Animals ; Brain ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; pathology ; Plaque, Amyloid ; pathology ; Presenilin-1 ; genetics ; tau Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVERett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder occurring almost exclusively in females as sporadic cases due to de novo mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2). Familial cases of RTT are rare and are due to X-chromosomal inheritance from a carrier mother. Recently, DNA mutations in the MECP2 have been detected in approximately 84.7% of patients with RTT in China. To explain the sex-limited expression of RTT, it has been suggested that de novo X-linked mutations occur exclusively in male germ cells resulting therefore only in affected daughters. To test this hypothesis, we have analyzed the parental origin of mutations and the XCI status in 15 sporadic cases with RTT due to MECP2 molecular defects.

METHODSAllele-specific PCR was performed to amplify a fragment including the position of the mutation. The allele-specific PCR products were sequenced to determine which haplotype contained the mutation. It was then possible to determine the parent of origin by genotyping the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the parents. The degree of XCI and its direction relative to the X chromosome parent of origin were measured in DNA prepared from peripheral blood leucocytes by analyzing CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene (AR).

RESULTSExcept for 2 cases who had a frameshift mutation; all the remaining 13 cases had a C-->T transition mutation. Paternal origin has been determined in all cases with the C-->T transition mutation. For the two frameshift mutations, paternal origin has been determined in one case and maternal origin in the other. The frequency of male germ-line transmission in mutations is 93.3%. Except for 2 cases who were homozygotic at the AR locus, of the remaining 13 cases, 8 cases had a random XCI pattern; the other five cases had a skewed XCI pattern and they favor expression of the maternal origin allele.

CONCLUSIONDe novo mutations in sporadic RTT occur almost exclusively on the paternally derived X chromosome and that this is most probably the cause for the high female: male ratio observed in sporadic cases with RTT. Random XCI was the main XCI pattern in sporadic RTT patients. The priority inactive X chromosome was mainly of paternal origin.

Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; genetics ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rett Syndrome ; genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation

OBJECTIVEThe present study was designed to explore the practical application of the rapid etiological diagnosis by detecting specific IgM antibody against common respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI).

METHODClinical specimens including nasopharyngeal aspirates and serum of acute phase from hospitalized children were collected from 207 infants and children with acute lower respiratory infections from March 2009 to September 2010. Seven common respiratory virus antigens were identified from the collected nasopharyngeal aspirates by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA). ELISA was used to detect specific IgM antibody against RSV, ADV, IFVA, IFVB and PIV, while indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect specific IgM antibody against RSV, ADV, IFVA, IFVB, PIV1, PIV2 and PIV3 in collected acute phase serum.

RESULTThe overall positive rates to detect viral antigen by using DFA, ELISA and IFA was 67.6%, 57.5% and 39.6%, respectively. The consistent rate of ELISA and IFA versus accepted DFA were 21.7% and 31.4%, respectively. The average days from onset of the symptoms to blood sample collection for those with the consistent results by ELISA and DFA were 12.0 d for ADV, 9.6 d for PIV2, 9.5 d for IFV, and 5.3 d for RSV, respectively, and by IFA and DFA were 15.0 d for PIV3, 9.2 d for ADV, and 7.4 d for RSV, respectively. Among all age groups, the consistent rate of serum viral IgM and antigen detections was highest in children younger than 3 years old.

CONCLUSIONAlthough there were differences between serum IgM antibody and viral antigen detections, specific IgM antibody detection was of value in early and rapid etiological diagnosis of pediatric ALRI, especially for young children. It could provide serologic evidence of respiratory virus infection. The diagnostic rate of pathogen could be improved if it was used in combination with viral antigen diagnostic methods.

Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; blood ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; analysis ; blood ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; RNA Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo explore the plastic surgical repairment of the large wound of endometriosis in the abdominal wall.

METHODSince March 2003 to December 2004, 6 patients were treated with abdominoplasty and V-Y plasty for the wounds of the endometriosis in the abdominal wall.

RESULTSThe endometriotic foci were removed thoroughly with pretty abdominal contour. No complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONAbdominoplasty and V-Y plasty are good methods to repair the wounds of the endometriosis in the abdominal wall.

Abdominal Wall ; surgery ; Adult ; Cesarean Section ; adverse effects ; Endometriosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(MEHP), the primary metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells cultured from the Sprague Dawley rat testis.

METHODSBased on the primary Leydig cell culture model, MEHP exposure groups involved control (0 micromol/L), 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 micromol/L. We observed mitochondria activity with the MTT method, measured the testosterone level with RIA and determined steroidogenesis acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA expression with RT-PCR.

RESULTSAfter Leydig cells were exposed to MEHP for 24 hours, the activity of mitochondria enhanced evidently at 250 micromol/L and then declined markedly at 1000 micromol/L compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The testosterone level showed an increasing tendency in both basal and hCG-stimulated states with statistical significance at 250 and 500 micromol/L compared with the control group (P < 0.01). However, the expression of StAR mRNA appeared unchanged at 62.5, 125 or 250 micromol/L, but exhibited a decreasing tendency at 500 and 1000 micromol/L (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONME- HP directly affected the activity of mitochondria and testosterone biosynthesis of the Leydig cells in vitro. StAR, the regulator of cholesterol transport into mitochondria, might not be responsible for the increase of testosterone biosynthesis induced by MEHP.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Diethylhexyl Phthalate ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Phosphoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testosterone ; biosynthesis