Objective An interaction network among PD-1-ligands and other proteins were built to add deeper understanding of PD-1 signal pathway and to supply the theoretical data on the clinical application study of PD-1 and its ligands.Methods Searching the literature about PD-1 and its ligands in the PubMed,the result of which would be used to summarize the proteins that had been reported to have interactions with PD-1 and its ligands,and then,quadratic search would be performed on these proteins.Finally,the software Cytoscape would be used to build and analyze the interaction network and verified by PCR.Results There were 122 and 126 nodes in the PD-1/PD-L1 network and PD-1/PD-L2 network respectively.These proteins were involved in TCR signal path-way,cell adhesion,JAK-STAT signal pathway and interaction between cytokines.Meanwhile,a perspective that PD-L1 may influ-ence on CXCR4 through JAK-STAT pathway based on the network which had been supported by qPCR.Conclusion The bioinfor-matics suggested that there are differences between the mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 and PD-1/PD-L2.Additionally,the method, which was based on the literature mining and bioinformatics,is good to put the biological literature to rational utilization and to pro-vide guidance for experiments.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and the roles of IL-17 and IL-23 in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia. Methods One hundred and three children with pneumonia admitted to pediatric department from February to May in 2012 were divided into MP pneumonia group and non-MP pneumonia group according to the results of MP antibody tests. Meanwhile, 42 healthy children were chosen as normal controls. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-23 and MP antibodies were measured in all children. Immunoglobulin, C reactive protein, total white blood cell count and granulocyte count were detected in children with pneumonia. Results The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were signiifcantly different among three groups (P<0.05). The children in MP pneumonia group had higher levels of IL-17 and IL-23 than those in non-MP pneumonia group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were higher in two pneumonia groups (P<0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in levels of IL-17 and IL-23 between pneumonia patients with normal and with abnormal levels of immunoglobulin (P>0.05), while IL-17 and IL-23 levels were both positively correlated with granulocyte count (P<0.05).Conclusion IL-17 and IL-23 may be involved in the immune response of MP pneumonia and may contribute to the clearance of pathogens.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of intravascular intervention for treating the severe stenosis of bilateral renal arteries (BRASS).Methods A total of 40 patients with BRASS admitted in Fuwai Hospital from September 2008 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.These patients,23 males and 17 females,aged from 21 to 76 years with average age of (59.75 ± 17.59) years,with luminal narrowing over 70％ in bilateral renal arteries,met the criteria of BRASS evidenced by angiography of renal arteries,and were subjected to renal artery interventional therapy. The etiological factors included arteriosclerosis (34 cases),Takayasu arteritis (3 cases) and congenital fibromuscular dysplasia (3 cases).After percutaneous endovascular intervention,the therapeutic effects were evaluated by lowering the systemic blood pressure and serum creatinine level in 12-month follow-up in average after operation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software.ResultsAmong the 80 reual arteries in 40 patients,18 arteries were treated with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTBA),while the other 62 arteries were treated with percutaneous transluminal renal artery stenting (PTRAS).Mter endovascular intervention,the mean systolic blood pressure decreased from ( 165.0 ± 27.0) mm Hg to ( 135.7 ± 25.3 ) mm Hg on the second day after operation ( P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from ( 88.9 ±15.1 ) mm Hg to (74.8 ± 13.2) mm Hg on the second day after operation ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Accordingly,the kinds of anti-hypertension drug used decreased from ( 3.1 ± 0.9 ) to ( 2.3 ± 1.2) ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Only one patient died suddenly 3 months after intervention,and one died of acute myocardial infarction 7 months after operation.The other 38 patients were followed up for 12 months.At last,the mean systolic blood pressure of patients decreased from ( 165.0 ±27.0) mm Hg to ( 133.53 ± 15.94) mm Hg and the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from (88.9 ± 15.1 ) mm Hg to (77.37 ± 13.47 )mm Hg. Of all 38 patients,2 were cured (5.3％),27 were improved (71.1％) and 9 failed to treatment (23.7％).Of all 38 patients,76.4％ got hypertension lowered.Moreover,renal function (Scr) was improved in 2 patients (6.3％ ),steady in 21 patients ( 65.6％ ),declined in 9 patients ( 28.1％ ) resulted in azotemia stage.Of 38 patients,71.9％ patients got overall benefit from endovascular intervention in respect of renal function improved.Conclusions The procedure of PTBA or PTRAS offered a minimally invasive,relatively safe and effective technique for BRASS patients to decrease blood pressure and stabilize renal function.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of Indomethacin for post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.Methods A total of 600 patients,who were undergoing ERCP,were randomly divided into 3 groups to receive anal Indomethacin (n=200),intravenous octreotide (n=200) or no special medication (n=200) before ERCP.The level of serum amylase before and 24h after ERCP were measured,and the rate of acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after ERCP were assessed.Results Serum amylase levels before ERCP of all groups were normal.The mean serum amylase level of Indomethacin group (101.3±77.7 U/L) after ERCP was significantly lower than those of octreotide group ( 176.6±138.3 U/L,P =0.040 ]and control group (227.2±264.9 U/L,P=0.048),while there was no difference between octreotide group and control group ( P＞0.05 ).The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis in Indomethacin group (2.5％) was significantly lower than that of control group (9.5％,P=0.003),while there was no difference between octreotide group (4.5％) and control group ( P=0.05 ).The incidence of hyperamylasemia after ERCP in Indomethacin group (5.5％) was significantly lower than that of control group ( 13.5％,P=0.006 ),while there was no difference between octreotide group (10.0％) and control group ( P＞0.05 ).Conctusion Anal administration of Indomethacin before ERCP can effectively reduce the incidence of acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after ERCP.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A ( BTXA) and ethyl alcohol ( EA) in treating lower extremity spasticity after stroke. Methods This was a randomized, case-control study. A to-tal of 92 eligible stroke survivors completed the study. They were randomly divided into a BTXA group of 48 and an EA group of 44 according to a random number table. The gastrocnemius, soleus and posterior tibial muscles of the af-fected limb were chosen as injection sites. The BTXA group was injected with 50 to 200 IU of BTXA ( at 50 U/ml) at one to four sites in each muscle, with a total injection dose of less than 600 U. The EA group was injected with less than 10 ml of 50% EA (0.1 to 0.5 ml at each site). Before and 2, 4 and 12 weeks after the injection, both groups were evaluated using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), a 3 m timed up and go test (TUG), a timed 10 meter walk ( 10m-WT) and each was asked to assess their pain level using a visual analogue scale ( VAS) . Any adverse re-actions were also observed. Results Two weeks after the injection, the average MAS score of both groups had im-proved significantly compared to that before the injection. The average improvement in the BTXA group was signifi-cantly less than in the EA group. No significant differences were found in other measurements. After four weeks the average MAS score of the BTXA group was still significantly different from that before injection or from 2 weeks previ-ously, but the EA group now showed no significant difference from before the injection. The average TUG, 10m-WT and VAS scores of both groups had improved significantly compared to those of the earlier time points. Twelve weeks after the injection, the average MAS, TUG, 10m-WT and VAS scores of the BTXA were still significantly improved compared to before the injection, but in the EA group only the average score VAS reading was significantly improved. There were then significant differences between the two groups in all of the measurements. Conclusions Both BTXA and EA can relieve muscle spasticity. Both take effect within 2 weeks, but the former has fewer side effects than the latter and a longer duration of therapeutic effect.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases

Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in non-stroke population with over 50 years old from Dongcheng District and Shijingshan District of Beijing.Methods A total of 9 524 of non-stroke population with over 50 years old were selected as our subject,which were sampled from Dongcheng District and Shijingshan District of Beijing by using stratified cluster random sampling method.Investigation and physical inventory check were conducted on all subbjects conduct,and the results was statistical analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software.Results Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of all subjects increased with the increasing of BML The prevalence of hypertension of three age groups were significant different between male and female (Z =-50.47,P ＜ 0.001).The prevalence of hypertension in males with 50-59 years old was considerably higher than that of females (x2 =14.74,P ＜0.001).However,the prevalence of hypertension in females with 60-69 years old and ≥70 years old group were higher than that of males (x2 =12.39,P ＜ 0.001 ; x2 =10.36,P =0.001).Overall,the prevalence of hypertension between males and females was no significant (male for 37.9％,female 37.3％,x2 =0.31,P =0.578).BMI increased with the increasing blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension,taking the people with BMI ＜ 18.5 kg/m2 as reference,OR values of the risk for male people with BMI 18.5-24.0kg/m2,24.0-28.0 kg/m2,and ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 to get hypertension people were 1.622 (95％ CI:0.653 -4.029),2.405 (95％ CI:0.940-5.940),4.248 (95％ CI:1.709-10.559) respectively,while for female people were 2.212 (95％ CI:1.193-4.104),3.870 (95％ CI:2.092-7.157),6.603 (95％ CI:3.557 -12.258) respectively.Conclusion Overweight and obesity are risk factors of hypertension.Obesity control contributes to the prevention and treatment of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly population.

Objective To summarize our experience in prevention and treatment of stricture after esopageal burns in the past thirty years.Methods There were 168 cases in this series.Of them,158 cases underwent surgical management in this study.Modified intraluminal stenting was used in 34 cases, colon interposition without resection of strictured esophagus in 77 cases,gastric transposion with resection of the stricture in 27,repair of cervical stricture with platysma myocutaneous flap in 22,and miscellane- ous operation in 12.Eleven cases experienced operation twice or more at our department.Results Twenty-nine cases recovered after treatment with intraluminal stenting,and 5 re-experienced stricture after stent removal.One of the 5 cases with failed stent responded to bougienage,and the remaining 4 cases re- quired esophageal reconstruction later.Of the 77 colon interpositions,5 cases died postoperatively,and complications of cervical anastomotic fistula occurred in 14 cases,anastomotic stenosis in 4,and abdomi- nal incision dehiscence in 2 cases.In the 27 cases with gastric transpositions,postoperative complications of anastomotic stricture occurred in 2 cases and empyema in 1 patient.There was a cervical leak in 3 ca- ses of the 22 cases treated with the repair of cervical esopageal or anastomotic stricture with a platysma myocutaneous flap.In the 12 cases treated with miscellaneous operation,one died of intestinal obstruc- tion.All the survivors had regular diet after discharge.Conclusions Intraluminal stenting can prevent the formation of caustic esophageal stricture.The location of the cicatricial esophagus dictates whether to perform concomitant esophagectomy during esophageal reconstruction.Platysma myocutaneous flap repair is an excellent method for the treatment of severe cervical esophageal or anastomotic stricture.

Objective To observe the clinical changes in resin and porcelain veneer in restoring dental fluorosis in order to provide a basis for the repair of dental fluorosis. Methods Fifty six severe dental fluorosis patients were divided into porcelain and resin teeth group in the department of Prosthetics, school of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University during 2005 to 2008. All 162 teeth of 25 patients in porcelain group were veneered with porcelain. 201 teeth of 31 patients in resin group were repaired with resin. To evaluat the clinic effect, the veneer surface color was detected by the Easyshade computer-aided colorimeter when the repair was completed and 18 months afterward. The edge of veneer adaptation, retention, secondary caries and abutment were examined after 18 months, and classified by color, shape, function and feeling. Results The color difference between the porcelain and resin teeth group was 0.27±0.20 and 0.21±0.15 when it was completed, and it was 0.28±0.21 and 0.77± 0.68 respectively after 18 months. The color difference value of the porcelain teeth group was lower when it was completed than 18 months later(t=-13.55, P<0.01). The color difference value of the resin teeth group was lower than the porcelain teeth group after 18 months(t=-12.60, P<0.01). The percentage of level A of veneer adaptation in the porcelain group[100%(162/162)] was higher than the resin group[91.04% (183/201), χ2=15.26, P< 0.01) after 18 months. The clinical effect was divided into three degrees of excellent, moderate or failed, into which the number of the teeth catergorized was 158, 4 and 0 in porcelain group, 148, 56 and 4 in resin group respectively. The clinical effect of the porcelain group was superior to the resin group(χ2=44.24, P<0.01). Conclusions The surface color of porcelain veneer last 16nger than the resin veneer, the adaptation and clinical effect is also superior to the resin veneer. But the long-term efficacy of two methods needs further study, especially of the resin veneer.

Objective To study interleukin-1 receptor(IL-1R) and connexin(Cx36) gene expression following Mg 2+-free-induced seizures in cultured developing neuron. Methods Rat embryo cortical neurons cultured for 6 and 17 days were exposed to Mg 2+-free media to induce seizure. At different time after Mg 2+-free treatment, real-time RT-PCR was used to detect IL-1R and Cx36 mRNA expression. Results 1. IL-1R mRNA expression transiently decreased after Mg 2+-free treatment in neurons cultured for 6 and 17 days in vitro. Then the levels of IL-1R mRNA expression recovered in neurons cultured for 6 days, but IL-1R mRNA expression were increased in neurons cultured for 17 days compared with control group and the peak was at 24 hours. 2. In neurons cultured for 6 days in vitro, Cx36 mRNA expression increased after Mg 2+-free treatment compared with control group, the peak was at 24 hours. But in neurons cultured for 17 days in vitro, Cx36 mRNA expression decreased at 6 hours after Mg 2+-free treatment compared with control group, the peak was at 24 hours. Conclusions IL-1R mRNA and Cx36 mRNA expression following Mg 2+-free-induced seizures are different between the neurons cultured for 6 and 17 days in vitro. This is possibly related to the different neuron injury between 6 and 17 days in vitro following seizures.