Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of multiple-injuries of bone and joint in the belief that a better knowledge of such injuries may help their prevention and treatment. Methods A retrospective study was done on the data of 346 patients with multiple-injuries of bone and joint who had been ad- mitted to our department from January 2001 to December 2004. On the basis of CAI's classification, the following data were statistically analyzed: gender, age, cause of injury, injured part, number of injured parts, associated injuries and mortality. Results Of the 346 injured patients, there were 278 males and 68 females, with an av- erage age of 32.8 years (9months to 89 years). Two hundred and twenty-six cases resulted from traffic accidents, 65 from crush by a heavy object, and 52 from falling. There were 159 fractures of shaft of tibia and fibula, 96 fractures of femoral shaft, 87 fractures of shaft of ulna and radius, 58 fractures of ankle and foot, 57 chest injuries, 50 knee injuries, 50 hip injuries, 49 injuries at the pelvis region, 46 wrist and hand injuries, 36 injuries of shoulder, 36 skull fractures, 33 fractures of humeral shaft, 23 spinal fractures, and 17 elbow injuries. Two hundred and forty-two patients had two parts injured, 83 had three parts, 20 had four parts, and one had six parts. The average number of injured parts was 2.3. Two hundred and five patients suffered from close injuries, and 141 from open ones. The associated injuries included skull and brain injury in 51 cases, chest injury in 23, abdomen injury in five, urine system injury in three, nerve and vessel injury in 21, shock in 78, and fat embolism in six. Five patients died. Conclusions Male young people tend to be the majority of victims of multiple-injuries of bone and joint. Traffic accidents result in most of such injuries. Since multiple-injuries mostly involve lower limbs, they are easy to diagnose while the associated close injuries involving brain, chest, abdomen and pelvic are likely to be overlooked or misdiagnosed. Strengthening safety education and technical training of first aid is important to im- provement of treatment and to decrease of disability rate and mortality.

To investigate the chemical constituents of the whole plants of Bidens bipinnata, the separation and purification of constituents were performed by chromatography on macroporous resin, silica gel, MCI and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-0-alpha-L-rhamnoside (2), keampferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), keampferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (4), 3', 5-dyhydroxy-3, 6, 4'-trimethoxyl -7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside flavonoid (5), 7, 8, 3', 4'-tetraflavanone(6), (2S)- and (2R)-isookanin-7-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside (7a/7b), (2S)- and (2R)-3'-methoxy-isookanin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8a/8b), 6, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyaurone(9), maritimetin (10), esculetin (11), 3-O-caffeoyl-2-methyl-d-erythrono-1, 4-lactone (12), (7S, 8R) balanophonin-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), eugenyl-O-beta-apiofuranosyl-( 1"-6') -O-beta-glucopyranoside (14), and (+)-syringaresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15). Compounds 8, 13, 14, and 15 were isolated from this genus for the first time. Compounds 1 and 6 were potent inhibitors against HSC-T6 cells in vitro and compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 were capable of decreasing the inflammatory cytokine production of macrophage cells in vitro.
Bidens ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

BACKGROUNDZengshengping (ZSP) tablets had inhibitory effects on oral precancerous lesions by reducing the incidence of oral cancer. However, the severe liver toxicity caused by systemic administration of ZSP limits the long-term use of this anti-cancer drug. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tumor inhibitory effects due to the topical application of extracts from ZSP, a Chinese herbal drug, on 7, 12-dimethlbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced oral tumors in hamsters. The study also investigated the anti-cancer mechanisms of the ZSP extracts on oral carcinogenesis.

METHODSDMBA (0.5%) was applied topically to the buccal pouches of Syrian golden hamsters (6 - 8 weeks old) three times per week for six weeks in order to induce the development of oral tumors. Different fractions of ZSP were either applied topically to the oral tumor lesions or fed orally at varying dosages to animals with oral tumors for 18 weeks. Tumor volume was measured by histopathological examination. Tumor cell proliferation was evaluated by counting BrdU labeled cells and by Western blotting for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein levels. The protein levels of apoptosis marker Caspase-3 and regulator Bcl-2 protein were also measured by Western blotting.

RESULTSTopical application of DMBA to the left pouch of hamsters induced oral tumor formation. Animals treated with DMBA showed a loss in body weight while animals treated with ZSP maintained normal body weights. Both the ZSP n-butanol fraction and water fraction significantly reduced tumor volume by 32.6% (P < 0.01) and 22.9% (P < 0.01) respectively. Topical application of ZSP also markedly decreased the BrdU-positive cell numbers in oral tumor lesions and reduced the expression level of MAPK. In addition, ZSP promoted tumor cell apoptosis by increasing Caspase-3 expression but decreasing Bcl-2 protein production.

CONCLUSIONThe n-butanol and water fractions of ZSP are effective at inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and stimulating apoptosis in oral cancer suggesting that these fractions have chemopreventive effects on DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; toxicity ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Mouth Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) and cholesterol on the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in the brains of rats.

METHODThe rats were treated by intracerebroventricular injection of Abeta1-42 and fed with a diet containing 5% cholesterol to establish animal model of AD. The pathological changes, learning and memory, and expression of nAChRs of rats were analyzed by Bieoschowsky staining, immunohistochemistry, water-labyrinth, Western blot, and RT-PCR.

RESULTSAbeta intracerebroventricular injection induced Abeta deposition in rat brains and high-cholesterol diet resulted in hypercholesterolemia in the animals. Injection of Abeta caused a reduction of learning and memory of rats and modifications of the expression of nAChRs. Cholesterol enhanced these effects of Abeta on neuropathology and expression of nAChRs.

CONCLUSIONSAbeta can induce marked neuropathological changes, influence the learning and study ability, and modify the expression of nAChRs. Cholesterol can enhance the neurotoxicity of Abeta.

Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Hypercholesterolemia ; blood ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of newly identified single-chain DNA virus (SENV) infection in Shenzhen.

METHODSNested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was established using primers from ORF1 region of SENV genome. Six hundred and one sera samples from different populations were detected for SENV DNA (D and H subtype) by nPCR. Products of PCR were cloned into T-vector and sequenced.

RESULTSThe positive rates of SENV DNA in different populations were as followed: 27.8% in patients with hepatitis B, 22.2% in patients with hepatitis C, 26.9% in hemodialysis patients and 39.3% in IDUs. Among blood donors, the positive rates of SENV DNA were 28.1% in unqualified blood donors, 31.3% in blood donors with an elevated ALT levels and 15.1% in qualified blood donors. The infection rates of SENV in unqualified blood donors and blood donors with an elevated ALT levels were obviously higher than in qualified blood donors (chi(2) = 8.29, P < 0.01 and chi(2) = 6.03, P < 0.01). There was a 6.8% difference of nucleotide between SENV-D standard subtype and 6 isolates with 13.5% difference of nucleotide between SENV-H standard subtype and 4 isolates from Shenzhen.

CONCLUSIONResults suggested that SENV infection was common in high-risk groups in Shenzhen.

Base Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; DNA Viruses ; classification ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence

BACKGROUNDLupus hepatitis is yet to be characterized based on its clinical features and is often difficult to differentially diagnose from other liver diseases. We aimed to elucidate clinical, histopathological and immunopathological features of lupus hepatitis and to evaluate primarily the effectiveness of liver immunopathological manifestations on differential diagnosis of lupus hepatitis from other liver diseases.

METHODSA retrospective study was performed to analyze clinical features of lupus hepatitis in 47 patients out of 504 inpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China from May 2006 to July 2009, and to evaluate the association between lupus hepatitis and SLE activity. Additionally, liver histopathological changes by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunopathological changes by direct immunofluorescence test in 10 lupus hepatitis cases were analyzed and compared to those in 16 patients with other liver diseases in a prospective study.

RESULTSOf 504 SLE patients, 47 patients (9.3%) were diagnosed to have lupus hepatitis. The prevalence of lupus hepatitis in patients with active SLE was higher than that in those with inactive SLE (11.8% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.05). The incidence of hematological abnormalities in patients with lupus hepatitis was higher than that in those without lupus hepatitis (40.4% vs. 21.7%, P < 0.05), such as leucocytes count (2.92×10(9)/L vs. 5.48×10(9)/L), platelets count (151×10(9)/L vs. 190×10(9)/L), serum C3 and C4 (0.34 g/L vs. 0.53 g/L; 0.06 g/L vs. 0.09 g/L) (P < 0.05); 45 of 47 (95.7%) lupus hepatitis patients showed 1 upper limit of normal (ULN) < serum ALT level < 5 ULN. The liver histopathological features in patients with lupus hepatitis were miscellaneous and non-specific, similar to those in other liver diseases, but liver immunopathological features showed positive intense deposits of complement 1q in 7/10 patients with lupus hepatitis and negative complement 1q deposits in all patients with other liver diseases (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONSLupus hepatitis was not infrequent in active SLE patients which would be one of the indices indicating SLE activity. Positive intense deposit of complement 1q in liver may be a characteristic immunopathological feature of lupus hepatitis, which provides a new way to differentially diagnose lupus hepatitis from other liver diseases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Complement C1q ; analysis ; Female ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; etiology ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

In order to confirm the reasonability of designed recombinant exotoxin B7-1-Linker-PE40 and B7-2-Linker-PE40, their molecular biology characteristics, such as flexibility, antigenicity, hydrophilicity, epitope and secondary structure, were predicted by using a computer software GOLDKEY. It had been found that the recombinant fusion exotoxin had kept the epitope characterstics of B7-1, B7-2 and PE40, and had not got new epitope, and the antigenicity in flexible linker was extxemely low. The linker inserted in the recombinant fusion exotoxin had low epitope, low antigenicity and high flexibility. Compared to B7-1, B7-2 and PE40, there are several amino acid residues changes in B7-1-Linker-PE40 and B7-2-Linker-PE40, respectively, which might have some effect on secondary structure of the recombinant fusion exotoxins. Western blot analysis revealed that both B7-1-Linker-PE40 and B7-2-Linker-PE40 could bind specifically with antibodies against B7-1, B7-2 and PE40, respectively. The result of Western blot was consistant with the computer prediction that the recombinant proteins retain the antigenicity and spacial structure of B7 and PE40. It is suggested that both fusion proteins designed and constructed were resonable and computer analysis would be helpful for us to study the biological activity of the recombinant fusion exotoxin B7-1-Linker-PE40 and B7-2-Linker-PE40 and construct other recombinant proteins further.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of genetic factors on the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR).

METHODSThe morbidity rate of AR was surveyed by multistage sampling among 95 300 individuals (23,825 families) in Natong region, Jiangsu province. And a genetic epidemiologic investigation on AR was carried out to estimate the segregation ratio and heritability (h2) of AR by the methods of Li-Mantel-Gart and Falconer respectively.

RESULTSThe morbidity rate of AR in Natong region was 1.20% (Male 1.21%, Female 1.18%, no statistical significance between them); By the data of the AR ancestry, the segregation ratio of AR in Nantong region was 0.078, significantly less than 0.25, and the genetic model belonged to polygenetics. The 1st, the 2nd, and the 3rd generation h2 of AR were (82.6 +/- 2.19)%, (80.8 +/- 2.93)%, (78.4 +/- 7.04)%. The h2 of AR was (81.86 +/- 1.70)%. In the ancestry of AR, the morbidity rate of the 1st generation with AR was 12.11%; the 2nd generation with AR was 5.12%; the 3rd generation with AR was 2.75%; and the morbidity rate of AR in general population was 1.20%.

CONCLUSIONSThe heredity in family with AR is obvious. Several genes plus the environmental factors may cause AR, which accords with the characteristics of the polygene heredity disease.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; epidemiology ; genetics

Objective To identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of young patients with sporadic rectal cancer liver metastasis(RCLM).Methods The clinical data of young RCLM patients at 45 years or under(n=40,as younger patient group)in Peking University First Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed,meanwhile,elder RCLM patient group were comprised of 82 patients older than 45-year-old in a 1:2 ratio.Proportions of categorical variables were compared between young patients and old patients.The clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier method for demonstrating survival differences between the maximum diameter of liver metastasis and local therapy.Results One hundred and twenty-two RCLM patients were identified,the 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates of young patient group were 97.5%,47.5%,15.0%,those of elder patient group were 84.1%,26.8%,9.8%,respectively.The differences in BMI(P=0.008),primary tumor with obstruction and bleeding(P=0.006),synchronous rectal cancer liver metastases(P=0.005),the maximum diameter of liver metastasis>3 cm(P=0.019)were statistically significant between the two groups.And univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age(P=0.003),N stage(P=0.007),local therapy for liver metastases(P=0.047)and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.030)were independent risk factors for influencing the prognosis of RCLM patients;curative resection or not of primary tumor(P=0.035)and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.041)were independent risk factors for influencing the prognosis of young RCLM patients.Kaplan-Maier curve demonstrated survival differences between the maximum diameter of liver metastasis and local therapy for liver metastasis in RCLM patients(log-rank P=0.000).Conclusions Although with later staging of initial tumor station,young RCLM patients may obtain better survival benefit compared with old patients.Higher degree of lymph node metastasis,local therapy for liver metastases and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis>3 cm indicates poor prognosis in RCLM patients,and without curative resection of primary tumor and maximum diameter of liver metastasis are also considered as the independent poor prognostic factors of young RCLM patients.Local therapy for liver metastases appears to play an important role in the treatment strategy of RCLM patients.

Objective To study the clinical significance of the method of three perpendicular planes plus special planes in diagnosing fetal cleft lip /palate by prenatal ultrasound .Methods The approach of three perpendicular planes and special planes were used in diagnosing 110 cases of cleft lip/palate.The sonogram features in each section were analyzed and the outcomes were recorded during follow-up.Results On prenatal ultrsound ,110 cases were examined with three perpendicular planes method .The coronary section could be displayed at 100%cases (110 cases), sagittal section 76.4%cases (84 cases),transverse section 96.4%cases (106 cases) and parasagittal section 25.5%cases (28 cases).With special planes method,74 cases were examined .The section through pyriform aperture could be displayed in 47 cases,in 45 cases on the section through the lower lip/lower jaw/submandibular triangle ,and in 16 cases on the section through the cheek.Combining the three perpendicular planes and special planes methods ,94.5%(104/110) cases could be diagnosed definitely.Six cases (5.5%,6/110) were missed because of fetal position or oligoamnios . Conclusions The method of three perpendicular planes plus special planes is effective in prenatal ultrasound diagnosing cleft lip/palate,which is of great help in improving prenatal diagnostic accuracy of fetal cleft lip/palate.