Nowadays,oil-pollution of seawater in the world has severely threatened the security of sea entironment.Bioremediation offers one available option for an oil spill response.The aspects as follows are introduced some evolvement of microbial ecology,including new method of survey of microbial diversity without cultivation,new isolated method and the properties of main hydrocarbon degradated strain.But we have little or no understanding of the vast majority of marine bacteria that remain uncultured,and more efforts should be made to improve current methods for isolating oil-degrading or oil-emulsifying bacteria,not only for assessing the fate and effects of the spilled oil,but also for isolating novel bacteria that would be useful for the petroleum industry.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the survival status of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 years receiving antiviral therapy (ART) in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019, and to provide evidence for further improvement of antiviral therapy. Methods　Basic information and follow-up information of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 years who first received HIV/AIDS antiviral therapy in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019 were collected. Excel database was established and SPSS23.0 software was used for analysis. Retrospective cohort study was conducted. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing survival time. Results　A total of 1 183 subjects were included, of which 172 died, including 84(48.84%) from other causes, 74(43.02%) AIDS-related death and 14 (8.14%) from accidents, suicides and undetermined deaths. Setting AIDS-related deaths as an outcome event, life table analysis showed that the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 years after receiving ART were 96.61%, 93.59%, 90.35%, 87.57% and 83.44%, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that the risk of death in patients aged 60-<70 years group and over 70 age group was 2.53 times (95%CI: 1.51-4.23) and 3.59 times (95%CI: 1.74-7.40) for patients aged the 50-<60 group , respectively. The risk of death in patients with baseline CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4) counts of ≥200/mm3, 50-<200 /mm3 was 0.22 times (95%CI: 0.12-0.41) and 0.37 times (95%CI: 0.21-0.67) for patients with CD4+T lymphocyte counts of <50/mm3. The risk of death in patients with opportunistic infections at baseline was 1.99 times (95%CI: 1.16-3.39) for patients without baseline opportunistic infections. Conclusions　The survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 who received antiviral therapy (ART) in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019 was relatively high. To further improve the quality of antiviral treatment in our province, the strategy of "early detection and early treatment" should be continued and improved in the future, and information collection of specific causes of non-AIDS-related deaths among this population should be further strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the importance of TLICS classification to surgical options of thoracolumbar fractures by analyzing the cause of intravertebral vacuum sign, vertebral collapse and vertebral pseudarthrosis.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to December 2010, the clinical data about 15 patients with postoperative complications by thoracolumbar fracture after posterior internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed. There were 9 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 18 to 75 years, with an average of 54.6 years. Of them, fracture site in T12 was 7 cases, L1 was 5 cases, L2 was 3 cases; compression fractures was in 12 cases and burst fracture was in 3 cases; according to classification of TLICS, 12 cases were of type I ,3 cases of type III. And the causes of complications after posterior fixation were analyzed according clinical manifestation and imaging finding combined with review literatures.

RESULTSAfter 10 to 20 months following-up (with average of 15 months), loss of vertebral height found in 9 cases (4 cases existed vertebral collapse, as well as 3 cases occurred screw loosening) and Intravertebral Vacuum Sign appeared in 6 cases.

CONCLUSIONIn order to avoid the vertebral vacuum and fixation failure, the clinical data of patients should be roundly and carefully evaluated, surgical indications should be strictly controlled and the surgical approach should be selected according to correct classification. Particularly, the reconstruction of the stability of former spinal column shoud be paid more attention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thoracic Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to examine the priming effect of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) on fMLP-activated neutrophils, mainly to detect the neutrophil respiratory burst products, and to investigate the signaling pathway involved in S1P activity. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the new isolated neutrophil; the superoxide anion output was detected indirectly by cytochrome C reduction in respiratory burst; the dihydro-rhodamine 123 was used to detect the intensity of respiratory burst; the signal transduction pathways of neutrophil respiratory burst were explored by Western blot. The results showed that after pretreated with S1P, the level of superoxide anion released by fMLP-activated neutrophils significantly increased; the Rhodamine 123 mean fluorescence intensity in S1P primed fMLP-activated neutrophils group was significantly higher than that in fMLP treatment group; PI3K and Akt proteins involved in the signal pathway of neutrophil respiratory burst. It is concluded that S1P is a new priming reagent, which primes respiratory burst of fMLP-activated neutrophils; this signal pathway may be that S1P interacts with its receptor, activates PI3K, then activates Akt-transmitting signals through NADPH oxidase, finally results in the respiratory burst.
Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Lysophospholipids ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid ; metabolism ; Respiratory Burst ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingosine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Superoxides ; metabolism

Naringenin (1) was transformed to three metabolites (2-4) by Mucor sp. Based on LCMS(n)-IT-TOF and NMR spectroscopic data, 2-4 were identified as naringenin-7-O-sulphate, naringenin-4'-O-sulphate, and naringenin-5-O-sulphate, respectively. These results might provide hints to the mammalian/human metabolism of naringenin.
Biotransformation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Mucor ; metabolism ; Sulfates ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the response rate and adverse reactions of exemestane (a new aromatase inactivator) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-three patients with advanced breast cancer entered this study with two patients excluded because of postmenopausal time being less than one year. Therefore, 173 patients could be evaluated for adverse events and 171 patients could be evaluated for efficacy. Exemestane, 25 mg orally daily for 4 weeks as one cycle was given.

RESULTSIn the 171 patients evaluated for efficacy, 4 (2.3%) experienced a complete response (CR) and 40 (23.4%) a partial response (PR), with the overall response rate of 25.7%. Ninety patients (52.6%) had stable disease (SD), with 25 having SD for at least 24 weeks. The clinical benefit (CR + PR + SD > or = 24 weeks) was shown in 69 (40.4%) patients. Progressive disease (PD) was shown in 37 (21.6%) patients. The untreated patients had a higher objective response rate (33.8%) than the retreated ones (18.1%) with significant difference (P = 0.019 7). The response rates for soft-tissue, bone involvement and visceral metastasis were 32.8%, 23.9%, and 12.4% (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in different ages, time of menopause, disease-free interval or receptor status (P > 0.05). Drug-related adverse events were gastric discomfort (17.9%), malaise (17.9%), nausea (13.9%), hot flushes (11.0%) and dysphoria (5.8%). Other side reactions and abnormal laboratory parameters were observed occasionally which were irrelevant.

CONCLUSIONExemestane can be used to treat postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer giving only mild adverse reactions which are well tolerated.

Adult ; Aged ; Androstadienes ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features, treatment methods and outcome of solitary plasmacytoma of cervical spine.

METHODSFrom January 1995 to December 2007, the data of 23 cases with solitary plasmacytoma of cervical spine was analyzed. There were 16 males and 7 females (mean age 56 years, range: 32 - 76 years). Two cases underwent radiotherapy alone and 21 patients received surgery. According to WBB staging system, surgical procedures were defined as total or subtotal resection (6 cases), appendix resection (4 cases), sagittal resection (3 cases) and total spondylectomy (8 cases). All surgical cases were managed using an anterior approach, posterior approach or combined anterior and posterior approach. The cervical spinal reconstruction was achieved through anterior cervical titanium plate and titanium mesh cage filled with auto iliac graft or bone cement, or anterior and posterior combined instrumented fusion. All patients received radiotherapy as adjunctive therapy.

RESULTSFollow-up of the 23 cases lasted 24.0 - 143.0 months (mean: 64.7 months). Neck pains obviously improved, and nerve compression symptoms disappeared or improved after surgery. Neurological function improved by 1 - 2 grades based on Frankel grading system. All the internal fixations were fused well and stability of the cervical spine was fine and no spine instability could be seen in our series. The bone graft fusion rate was 100%. During the follow-up period, 6 surgical cases had local recurrence and finally progressed to multiple myeloma (MM) and 3 died. Two cases without surgical treatment progressed to MM in 1 year and 1.5 years after confirmed diagnosis. They were given systemic chemotherapy. The other 15 patients had disease-free survival and after surgery and adjunctive radiotherapy. Obvious abnormity were not found in such examinations as M protein, bone marrow aspiration and emission computed tomography or PET-CT examinations.

CONCLUSIONSSolitary plasmacytoma of cervical spine is rarely seen clinically. Surgery is recommended as the primary management for patients with overt bone destruction and spinal instability or neurological dysfunction. Tumor excision with adjunctive radiotherapy can obviously reduce local recurrences and lower the possibility of progression to MM. The patients with progression to MM should receive chemotherapy according to chemotherapy protocol while the prognosis is comparatively worse.

Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmacytoma ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of insulin resistance (IR) on prognosis in non-diabetic acute coronary syndrome patients.

METHODSIn this prospective study, we enrolled 332 non-diabetic patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome. The patients were divided into three groups by HOMA-IR which calculated by formula: low HOMA-IR group (HOMA-IR < 2), 44 cases; moderate HOMA-IR group (2 ≤ HOMA2-IR < 6), 99 cases; high HOMA-IR group (HOMA ≥ 6) with HOMA index, 179 cases. The in-hospital medical records of patients were compared, and all patients were followed up for one year after discharge.

RESULTSIncidence of hypertension (P = 0.013), dyslipidemia (P < 0.001), faster resting heart rate (P < 0.001) and number of triple vessel coronary artery disease (P = 0.017) in high HOMA-IR group were significantly higher than in low and moderate HOMA-IR group. During follow-up, the major end-point events increased in proportion to IR grade: 64.3% (26/44) in the high HOMA-IR group, 54.7% (52/99) in moderate HOMA-IR group and 41.3% (74/199) in low HOMA-IR group (P = 0.034). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that high sensitivity C reactive protein (OR = 1.012, 95%CI:1.002-1.022, P = 0.022), HOMA-IR (OR = 1.250, 95%CI:1.043-1.497, P = 0.015) , triple vessel coronary artery disease (OR = 5.914, 95%CI:2.947-11.868, P < 0.001) , ischemic changes on ECG (OR = 5.495, 95%CI:2.925-10.324, P < 0.001) and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%) (OR = 13.205, 95%CI:5.000-34.661, P < 0.001) were independent risk factor for major end-point events during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSIncreased insulin resistance is linked with poor prognosis of non-diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the biological characteristic of third-party-derived tolerogenic DC(tDC) and the influence of third-party-derived tDC on acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) in mice.

METHODStDC from bone marrow cells of D1 mice was cultured with low doses of GM-CSF, IL-10 and TGF-β1D1. The phenotype, expression of cytokines and function associated molecules were identified with FACS and RT-PCR. Mixed lymphocyte reaction was applied to analyze the influence of third-party-derived tDC on allo-CD4(+)T cells proliferation in vitro. Different doses of D1-tDC were adoptive transferred in the aGVHD model in allogeneic BMT which B6 mice as donors and D2 mice as recipients. Survival time, clinical GVHD score and the levels of Th1/2 cytokines in serum were monitored after allo-BMT using the aGVHD model as control.

RESULTStDC expressed lower levels of MHC II and co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD80, CD86 and CD40, even when stimulated by LPS. The results by RT-PCR indicated that tDC expressed low levels of IL-12p40 and high levels of immunosuppressive molecules, such as IL-10, TGF-β, Fas Ligand, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginase. In the allogeneic MLR, third-party tDC suppressed allo-CD4(+)T cells proliferation, which was relative to the dose of tDC. In the B6→D2 mouse model, all aGVHD mice died within 18 days. Remarkably, if 10(4) third-party tDC were transferred, 60% mice survived at least 60 days. When the doses of tDC were reduced to 10(3) cells, only 20% of mice survived day 60, and when increased tDC to 10(5), all of the mice died within day 37 after allo-BMT. The cytokine levels in serum indicated that 10(4) tDC-treated mice secreted in vivo high level of IL-10 21d after BMT (P < 0.05), the levels of IL-10 in 10(3), 10(4) and 10(5) tDC-treated mice were (114.23 ± 7.78), (646.18 ± 212.02), (121.97 ± 10.47) ng/L, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThird-party tDC could suppress allo-CD4(+)T cells proliferation in vitro and prevent aGVHD in allogeneic BMT mode, which may be mediated by modulating tolerogenic cytokines secretion, such as IL-10. And this effect was associated with the dose of tDC. Adoptive therapy by transfusing third-party tDC cultured with low doses of GM-CSF, IL-10 and TGF-β1 could significantly prolong the survival of recipients and prevent aGVHD in allogeneic BMT.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; adverse effects ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; metabolism ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Interleukin-10 ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of human plasma exosomes-like vesicles on the regulatory function of macrophages.

METHODSThe exosomes-like vesicles were purified from healthy donors plasma with a series of high-speed centrifugation and ultrafiltration. Macrophages were derived from cultured human blood monocytes. The molecular markers of macrophages were assayed by FACS. After cultured with exosomes-like vesicles, the changes of macrophages cytoplasma Ca(2+), and related genes and proteins were assayed by FACS, RT-PCR and Western Blot, respectively.

RESULTSAfter cultured with exosomes-like vesicles, mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of macrophages cytoplasma Ca(2+) was increased. The vesicles enhanced macrophages to express cytokines genes, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α genes being increased by 0.85 and 1.69 times respectively at 2 h, and that of IL-6 gene 3.7 times compared with the control at 8 h. However, the vesicles inhibited the expression of macrophages IL-10 gene, had no influence on the Frizzled5 receptor expression and could induce CaMKII phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONSExosomes-like vesicles can up-regulat macrophages expression of inflammatory cytokines genes, and increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by activating the Wnt5A-Ca(2+) signaling pathway.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Exosomes ; Female ; Humans ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism ; Wnt-5a Protein ; Young Adult