OBJECTIVE: To assess the patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) of 16 STR loci on X chromo- some and investigate the genetic stability. METHODS: Genomic DNA samples extracted from blood stains from 500 unrelated individuals and 885 lineage members from Eastern Chinese Han population were genotyped through multiplex amplification using IDtyperX-16 kit by our independent research followed by capillary electrophoresis. LD was assessed by PowerMarker v3.25 software and mutation rate of every locus was analyzed. RESULTS: LD were not found at the 16 X-STR loci. Allele mutations were observed at 10 loci. Among them, mutation rates of DXS6809 and DXS7132 were both up to 0.0048. CONCLUSION When the 16 X-STR loci included in IDtyperX-16 kit were used for parentage testing, product princi- ples can be applied to calculate the likelihood, but mutation should be taken into consideration in the case that the genotypes do not meet the genetic law (especially at DXS6809 and DXS7132).
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; Blood Stains ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics* ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Female ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci/genetics* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics* ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Mutation ; Mutation Rate

Objective To study the relationship between the spontaneous nocturnal episodes of alkalinization and the autonomic nerve system function and vagal function. Methods 24-hour intragastric pH was measured and auto nomic and vagal function was measured with the time domain analyses of heart rate variability in 20 patients with functional dyspepsia but without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results 13 of 20 had the nocturnal episodes of alkalinization. The total 24-hour SDNN and rMSSD were normal in 20 subjects with FD. There was no significant dif ference (P ＞0. 05) in the comparison of the total SDNN and rMSSD of the 2 groups with alkalinization and without alkalinization. The 2 groups both had higher PNN50s in the nocturnal time, and there was no significant difference (P ＞0. 05). Conclusion The results suggest that the total autonomic nerve function and vagal function of patients with FD are normal, vagal activities of the 2 groups are both increased in the nocturnal period. The reason for the nocturnal episodes of alkalinization is not a decrease of vagal activity with a subsequent decrease of secretion.

We isolated 61 endophyte isolates from the bark of 4 plants, Ginkgo biloba L, Albizzia julibrissin Durazz, Ailanthus sltissima (Mill) Swingle and Melia azedarach L. At the test concentration of 200 ?g/mL, higher than 50% of antitumor activities were demonstrated with crude extracts from 45.9% of fungal culture in MTT assay. Six isolates, YX5, YX17, YX36, KL1, CC1 and CC5, still showed higher cytotoxicity at 50 ?g/mL. No isolates from A. julibrissin had inhibitory effect towards EC109 at the test concentration of 50 ?g/mL; while about 15.8% of isolates from G. biloba were active. IC50 of the extract from the most active isolate YX5 against EC109, HONE1 and HeLa were 18.3 ?g/mL, 3.6 ?g/mL and 6.5 ?g/mL, respectively. Our results indicate that endophytes from G. biloba could be regarded as a potent source of antitumor drugs.

Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; adverse effects ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the toxic effects of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), used as an alternative to decabromodiphenyl ether in vitro.

METHODSHepG2 cells were cultured in the presence of DBDPE at various concentrations (3.125-100.0 mg/L) for 24, 48, and 72 h respectively and the toxic effect of DBDPE was studied.

RESULTSAs evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays and nuclear morphological changes, DBDPE inhibited HepG2 viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner within a range of 12.5 mg/L to 100 mg/L and for 48 h and 72 h. Induction of apoptosis was detected at 12.5-100 mg/L at 48 h and 72 h by propidium iodide staining, accompanied with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a widely used ROS scavenger, significantly reduced DBDPE-induced ROS levels and increased HepG2 cells viability.

CONCLUSIONDBDPE has cytotoxic and anti-proliferation effect and can induce apoptosis in which ROS plays an important role.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Bromobenzenes ; toxicity ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Time Factors

Objective To study the influence of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) implantation on ventricular remodeling and heart function after myocardial infarcion. Methods Bone marrow was aspirated from Gui-zhou Xiang swines.After being isolated,cultured and co-cultured with 5-azacytidine,either autologous MSCs(experiment group) or a comparable volume of physiologic saline(control group) were injected into the infarcted myocardium.Three and six weeks later,echocardiographic measurement was performed to assess the myocardial structure and heart function,and single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) was employed for myocardial imaging.Implanted stem cells were detected by the anti-Brdv antibody DAB with HE staining. Results Left ventricular ejection fraction(EF),fractional shortening and wall thickening were higher in experiment group than control group.The thickness of the ventricular wall and septum was found increased while the left ventricular chamber size was smaller in experiment group.It was indicated by SPECT that three and six weeks after implantation,there was obvious image defect in control group while in experiment group there were some imaging areas in the infarcted area.Brdv-labelled cells were observed in the central part of and around the infarcted area.Conclusion Implantation of MSCs into the infarcted myocardium is believed to attenuate the remodeling process,inhibit the extent of wall thinning and dilatation of the ventricular chamber.MSCs implantation may also improve the contractile ability of the myocardium and heart function.

Objective To sum up the therapeutic results of 125 cases of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF),and ex- plore the optimal time and risk factors of opration,as well as perioperative management.Methods One hundred and thirth-one consecutive cases of TOF underwent corrective surgery.There were simple stenosis of infundibular portion in right ventricular outflow tract in 37 cases,stenosis of infundibulum and pulmonary valve in 14 cases,main pul- monary trunk and left/right pulmonary arteries stenosis in 74 cases,and pulmonary atresia in 5 cases.Autologousper- icardial conduit,or with waived were used for right ventricular outflow tract and right ventriculo-pulmonary artery connection.Other anomalies were corrected.Results The surgicalmortality was 4.0 %.The cause of death were se- rious low cardiac output syndrome(3 patients),respiratory function failure(1 patient),pericadial infection(1 pa- tient).Conclusion It is necessary to profonn corrective opration on younger TOF patients.Effetive prophylaxis and control of low cardiac output syndrome and pulmonary complication is a useful strategy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognostic factors of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) in the stomach.

METHODSThe clinicopathological data of 132 patients with gastric GIST between January 1998 and December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively, and the prognostic factors were evaluated.

RESULTSTumor locations were the cardia or fundus (50, 37.9%), the stomach body (62, 47%),the antrum (13, 9.8%), and two regions were found in 6 cases (4.5%), three regions in 1 cases (0.8%). Tumor size ranged from 1.0 to 27.0 cm with an average of 9.4 cm. All the patients underwent complete tumor resection, including multi-organ resection in 41 cases. Thirty-four cases underwent lymph node dissection. All the lymph nodes were negative. The positive rate was 93.2% (23/132) for CD 117 and 82.6% (109/132) for CD34. The 1-,3- and 5-year survival rates of the 118 cases with follow up were 94.7%, 80.2%, and 56.6%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that the differences in Fletcher classification, tumor size, infiltration to surrounding tissue, preoperative metastasis, and adjuvant postoperative therapy with imatinib were related to the survival rates. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Fletcher classification, preoperative metastasis and adjuvant postoperative therapy with imatinib were independent poor prognostic factors for survival.

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative metastasis is an independent factor predicting poor prognosis of gastric GIST. Fletcher classification can be used to evaluate the biological behaviors and prognosis, while surgery is the main therapy and targeted therapy can improve survival of gastric GIST.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the biochemical enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rats.

METHODSHealthy 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 16 in each. DBP dissolved in peanut oil was administered by gavage at dosages of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/(kg x d). After 2- and 4-week DBP exposure, 8 rats in each group were killed, with certain organs selected and weighed. The activities of biochemical enzymes and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the levels of glutathione (GSH) in the serum and testis homogenate were determined respectively.

RESULTSDBP induced a rise in the liver organ body weight ratio, but a fall in the testis organ body weight ratio, and it was significant in the highest exposure group compared with the control after either 2-week or 4-week treatment (P < 0.01). After 2-week DBP exposure, GSHPx activities in the serum and GSH levels in the testis homogenate showed a decreasing tendency, but GSHPx activities increased markedly in the testis homogenate (P < 0.05). After 4-week DBP exposure, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the serum revealed an increasing tendency, sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were inhibited significantly in both the serum and the testis homogenate at the dosage of 1000 mg/(kg x d) compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, GSH contents in the serum were also affected at this dose (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that DBP administration strongly affects the liver and the testis organ body weight ratios. Lipid peroxidation is one possible toxic mechanism caused by DBP. SDH may be one of the most sensitive toxic indices when exposed to DBP.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin protein and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of osteosarcoma.

METHODSThe expressions of N-cadherin and β-catenin at protein level were detected by immunohistochemical staining in 54 cases of osteosarcoma, 11 cases of osteoid osteoma, 7 cases of osteoblastoma and 8 cases of newly formed bone in nonmalignant bone diseases. The relationship between the two indexes and clinicopathological characteristics of osteosarcoma was analyzed.

RESULTSIn newly formed bone, osteoblastoma, osteoid osteoma and osteosarcoma, the positive expression rate of N-cadherin protein was 75.0%, 71.4%, 63.6% and 35.2%, respectively. The positive expression rate of N-cadherin protein in osteosarcoma was significantly lower than that in osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma and newly formed bone in nonmalignant bone diseases (P = 0.035). The positive expression rate of N-cadherin protein in osteosarcoma cases with pulmonary metastasis was lower than that in cases without (21.7% vs. 56.3%, P = 0.027). The positive expression rate of N-cadherin protein in osteosarcoma cases died in two years was lower than that in cases lived for more than two years (18.2% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.024). In newly formed bone, osteoblastoma, osteoid osteoma and osteosarcoma, the aberrant expression rate of β-catenin protein was 12.5%, 28.6%, 27.3% and 66.7%, respectively. The aberrant expression rate of β-catenin protein in osteosarcoma was significantly higher than that in osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma and newly formed bone (P = 0.002). Aberrant expression rate of β-catenin in osteosarcoma cases with pulmonary metastasis was higher than that without (82.6% vs. 43.8%, P = 0.011). An inverse correlation was found between the aberrant expression of β-catenin and N-cadherin expression in osteosarcoma(r = -0.302, P = 0.027).

CONCLUSIONThe positive expression rate of N-cadherin is decreased in osteosarcoma while aberrant expression rate of β-catenin increased. The expression of N-cadherin protein is closely correlated with the metastasis and prognosis of osteosarcoma, but the expression of β-catenin protein is merely correlated with the metastasis of osteosarcoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoblastoma ; metabolism ; Osteoma, Osteoid ; metabolism ; Osteosarcoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult ; beta Catenin ; metabolism